Bobby Hutton
| Bobby Hutton | |
|---|---|
 Hutton outside the Oakland Police Department Jail | |
| Born |
Robert James Hutton April 21, 1950 Jefferson County, Arkansas |
| Died |
April 6, 1968 (aged 17) West Oakland, Oakland, California |
| Occupation | political activist, Treasurer of Black Panther Party |
| Organization | Black Panther Party (1966-1968) |
| Movement | Black Power Movement, Black Liberation Movement |
Robert James Hutton, or "Lil' Bobby" (April 21, 1950 – April 6, 1968) was the treasurer and first recruit to join the Black Panther Party.[1]
Early life
Bobby Hutton was one of three children, born in Jefferson County, Arkansas, to John D. Hutton and Dolly Mae Mitchner-Hutton. When he was three years old, his family moved to Oakland, California, after they were visited by nightriders intimidating and threatening blacks in the area.[2]
Black Panther Party
Hutton met Black Panther Party founders Huey Newton and Bobby Seale at the North Oakland Neighborhood Anti-Poverty Center, a "government-funded agency that employed local youth to work on community service projects."[3] In October 1966, the 16-year-old Hutton became the first member and the first treasurer of the Black Panther Party. In May 1967, Hutton was one of thirty Panthers who traveled to the California state capitol in Sacramento to demonstrate against the Mulford Act, a bill that would prohibit carrying loaded firearms in public. The group walked into the state assembly armed; Hutton and four other Panthers were arrested.[3]
Death
On the night of April 6, 1968, Bobby was killed by Oakland Police officers after Eldridge Cleaver led him and twelve other Panthers in an ambush of the Oakland Police, during which two officers were seriously wounded by multiple gunshot wounds. The impetus for the police ambush was the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4.[4] The ambush, which Cleaver admitted he led,[5] turned into a shoot-out between the Panthers and the Oakland police at a house in West Oakland. About 90 minutes later Hutton and Cleaver surrendered after the police tear-gassed the building.
Eldridge Cleaver stated that police shot Bobby more than twelve times after he had surrendered and had him stripped down to his underwear to verify that he was unarmed.[1] The police maintained that Hutton attempted to run away and ignored orders to stop.[6] According to Eldridge Cleaver, one Oakland police officer who witnessed the shoot-out later told him: "What they did was first degree murder."[4] Cleaver and two police officers were also wounded.
Hutton's funeral was held on April 12 at the Ephesians Church of God in Berkeley, California. About 1,500 people attended the funeral and a rally held afterwards in West Oakland was attended by over 2,000 people, including actor Marlon Brando and author James Baldwin.[6][7][8] He was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, but did not have a gravestone until 2003, 35 years after his death.[9]
Bobby Hutton's death at the hands of the Oakland police was seen by those sympathetic to the Black Panther Party as an example of police brutality against blacks. At the time, Cleaver falsely claimed that the Oakland police had attacked the Panthers; he did not publicly admit to having ambushed the police and seriously wounding two officers until 1980.[5] Hutton was the first Panther to die and "immediately became a martyr for the cause of black power."[3]
Legacy
DeFremery Park in West Oakland, California, was unofficially named after Bobby Hutton not long after his death. "Lil' Bobby Hutton Day" has been held annually at the park since April 1998. Organized by family members and former and current Black Panther Party members, the memorial event features speakers, performers, and art works commemorating Hutton's black consciousness and dedication to the party.[10][11][12]
References
- 1 2 Bobby Hutton bio from A Huey P. Newton Story.
- ↑ Shelton, Gwendolyn L. "Bobby James Hutton (1950–1968)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- 1 2 3 Hamelin, Tiffany (2008). Henry Louis Gates, Jr., ed. African American National Biography. Oxford University Press.
- 1 2 Gates, Henry Louis. "Interview Eldridge Cleaver". The Two Nations of Black America. PBS – Frontline. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- 1 2 Kate Coleman, "Souled Out", New West, May 19, 1980.
- 1 2 "Black Panther Chief Demands Indictment". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 1968.
- ↑ "Brando at Oakland Funeral for Slain Black Panther, 17". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 1968.
- ↑ "Brando & Panthers at Bobby Hutton's Funeral". San Francisco Bay Area Television Archive. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ Slay, Charles (March 8, 2003). "Black Panther Memorial". Indybay. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ DelVecchio, Rick (April 25, 1998). "Oakland Tribute to Panther Leader / City holiday honors slain Bobby Hutton". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Lil Bobby Hutton Day Flyer". Block Report Radio. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ Id, Dave (April 11, 2009). "Lil' Bobby Hutton Day 2009: audio & photos". Indybay. Retrieved February 4, 2014.