Brasília Metro

Brasília Metro

Brasilia Metro at Estação Central
Overview
Native name Metrô de Brasília
Locale Brasília, DF, Brazil
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 2
Number of stations 24 (5 more planned)[1]
Annual ridership 51 millions (FY 2013)[1]
Website Metrô - DF
Operation
Began operation March 2001 (official opening)
24 September 2001 (start of revenue service)[2]
Operator(s) Companhia Metropolitana do Distrito Federal (Metrô-DF)
Number of vehicles 32[1]
Train length 4–cars
Technical
System length 42.4 km (26.3 mi)[1]
Track gauge 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification 750 V third rail
Average speed 45 km/h (28.0 mph)
System map
Map of the system (Jan 2014). Black dots indicate unopened (under construction) stations; dotted lines indicate planned extensions.

Brasília Metro (Portuguese: Metrô de Brasília, commonly called Metrô) is the metro system in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. It is operated by Metrô-DF or Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal, and was opened in 2001.[2] Currently, Brasília's Metro has 24 stations[1] on two lines, and runs for 42.38 kilometers (26.33 mi).[1]

The metro only covers part of the metropolitan area. Its main problem is the sheer distance between stations, making it a small component of the transit system of the Federal District. The administrative region of Águas Claras is well served by the system, making it one of the fastest-growing areas of Brasília.[1]

All this is possible thanks to the Signaling and Traffic Control and Automatic Protection System for Trains, which allow the regularity of the interval between trips, speed control and control of the distance between the trains. Electrical, communication and signalling systems work in a redundant way; i.e. if there are flaws in the main system, the second is immediately started. The whole system takes corrective and preventive maintenance daily.[1]

History

The construction of the Brasília Metro, which links Brasília to some sites of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) began in 1992 and its first phases started working in 1999, but because of a backlog of work, the metro was not opened on its originally scheduled date and time (21 April 1994 at 17:00). Work was finally finished in the beginning of 2001. The commercial service began in September that year. During the first months, the metro operated only from 10:00 to 16:00 over only 32 kilometers (19.9 mi) of the network of total of 41 kilometers (25.5 mi). Five more stations were opened in 2008: 108 South, Guariroba, Downtown Ceilândia, North Ceilândia and Ceilândia.[2] 102 South and 112 South stations opened in 2009; Guará station opened in 2010.[3]

Operations

The Metro operates from 06:00 to 23:30 Mondays to Saturdays, and from 07:00 to 19:00 on Sundays. The metro's commercial speed is 45 km/h (28.0 mph). The track gauge is 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) and powered by third rail. Its stations are equipped with stairs and lifts.[1]

Tickets and fares

The access to Metrô-DF is controlled by electronic entry and exit barriers. To travel on the metro, tickets are unitary, which contains a single trip, or the magnetic card, which are inserted into the ticket barriers. When the credit ends, there is no need to buy a new card, it can be recharged.[1]

Lines

This system is composed of the Green and Orange lines. Both lines begin at the Central bus station in Brasília and run parallel up until the Águas Claras station. The Orange Line goes to the south, to Samambaia, the Green Line follows to Ceilândia. The metro runs underground in Brasília and at Praça do Relógio station, centre of Taguatinga. Other than that it runs on the surface.

Line Terminals Opened Length (km) Stations Length of
trips (min)		 Hours of operation
Green Central ↔ Ceilândia 31 March 2001 33 20 40 06:00 to 23:30 Monday to Saturday;
07:00 to 19:00 on Sundays
Orange Central ↔ Samambaia 31 March 2001 42 16 30 06:00 to 23:30 Monday to Saturday;
07:00 to 19:00 on Sundays

Technical

The supervision and control of the operation, which includes subsystems of traffic, energy, telecommunications are centralized by the Operational Control Center (OCC), considered the brains of the Metro-DF. The control is fully computerized. Qualified professionals constantly monitor all the train movements.[1]

All this is done with the help of sensors installed along the tracks and an optical fiber communication system. This system allows reception and transmission of information between the OCC and the other components of the metro system, such as trains, stations and substations. The center receives real-time information on route speeds, time spent at stations, passenger flow and energy supply routes.[1]

The electricity used by the Metro-DF is supplied by Companhia Energética de Brasília (CEB), directly from Furnas. It arrives at 13,800 V alternating current and is transformed by power rectifier substations located along the lines of Metro-DF.[1]

These rectifier substations distribute 13,800 V for passenger stations, which is stepped down to 380/220 V to feed the equipment. The trains' traction systems are fed by 750 V. The electric current is sent to the third rail and is collected by shoes located on the sides of trains, providing power to the motors of the trains.[1]

Any movement of trains on the lines and yards, signaling systems and auxiliary energy distribution function is under the command of the Operational Control Center (OCC). In exceptional situations of operation, the OCC; in touch with teams of technicians and agents in metro stations and courts, uses this system to convey the necessary steps to determine alternative routes for trains.[1]

Rolling stock

The growth of Brasília Metro has not only been in the number of stations. The increase in daily volume of users indicated the need to expand the original fleet of 20 4–car Alstom Metropolis trainsets.[4] To deal with the increasing demand, 12 new 4–car trainsets were purchased from Alstom,[4][5] with the first arriving in Brasília on June, 2010, leading to a fleet of 32 trains in total.[1]

All trains go through a period of engagement and dynamic tests, where all components of traction, braking, signaling and communication will be assessed. Therefore, it takes 30 days to the effective operation of these cars. The new fleet incorporates a number of advanced technologies including a modern drive system, which reduces the technical flaws of trains and reduce the waiting time at stations. Before the Alstom trains were put in to operation, the Brasília Metro carried about 160,000 passengers per day.

With the new Alstom Metropolis trainsets in operation, the Brasília Metro's headways can be reduced from four and a half minutes to three minutes, and the metro's capacity will nearly double to 300,000 passengers per day.[5] As of March 2011, all 12 of the new trainsets had been delivered and were in service. Brasília Metro invested a total of R$ 325 million for the purchase of the new trains,[5] modernizing the aging fleet, and purchasing spare parts. Of this, R$ 260 million was financed by BNDES,[5] with the remainder being paid by the federal government.

Expansion plans

Light rail line

Brasília Light Rail is planned to connect the Brasília Metro with the International Airport.
Map of the planned system. Black dots indicate unopened stations.

In 2009, the originally planned first stage of the new transport system in Brasília was inaugurated. A metre gauge light rail line was planned to depart from rail Terminal South and cut over Estrada Parque Polícia Militar road and travel south to 502 Nouth, a distance of 8.7 kilometers (5.4 mi). This is one of three sections provided for in an online project that integrates a set of measures developed by the Government of the Federal District to revitalize the W3. The complete light rail line route would link rail Terminal North to the Brasília International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional Juscelino Kubitschek).

This original Terminal South stretch was planned to be ready for 2014, the year of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Work on this first phase started in 2009, under the Company's management of the Brasília Metro. However, work on the line was suspended in April 2011, due to a fraudulent billing process, and the line was not ready for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, but is instead still included in longer-range planning.[6]

The line is planned to use mild electrical energy, which contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and noise sounds. In most of the line, the electricity will come from poles and wires along the track. In the area between 502 South and 502 North, the energy will be collected through a third rail, as required by the Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (Iphan). The route, along W3 Sul, is one of the busiest of the city is 60,000 cars per day and 800 buses. About 150 bus routes run through the W3 South, and the light rail line was planned to carry between 15,000 and 18,000 passengers per hour in both directions.

Taking the example of the Metro system, the Metropolitan Company of the Federal District expects at least 30% of motorists leave their cars at home and start using the new line rail line. A new impetus in the local market will be a consequence of changes in the way of urban W3.

The more recent priority for this line rail line project was a planned 6.5-kilometer (4.0 mi), 7-station section including the section between rail Terminal South and the Brasília International Airport. This section was budgeted at R$ 276.9 million.[6] The light rail line project was restarted with the bidding process on this section starting in 2013.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Sobre o metro - Estrutura" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal - Metrô. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  2. 1 2 3 "Sobre o metro - Memória" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal - Metrô. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  3. ↑ "Sobre o metro - Expansão" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal · Metrô-DF. 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-04-02. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  4. 1 2 "Brasilia Metro, Brazil". Railway-Technology.com. Kable. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Brasilia metro orders Metropolis trains". Railway Gazette International. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  6. 1 2 "VLT linha 1-trecho 1 (Aeroporto/Asa Sul) - DF" [LRT Line 1-section 1 (Airport / South Wing) - DF]. Portal2014.org.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2014-06-28.

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