Buru babirusa

Buru babirusa[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Subfamily: Babyrousinae
Genus: Babyrousa
Species: B. babyrussa
Binomial name
Babyrousa babyrussa
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Range (in brown)

The Buru babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), also known as the Moluccan babirusa, golden babirusa or hairy babirusa, is a wild pig-like animal native to the island of Buru and the two Sula Islands of Mangole and Taliabu, all belonging to Indonesia. Traditionally, this relatively small species included the other babirusas as subspecies, but it has been recommended treating them as separate species based on differences in their morphology.[2] As also suggested by its alternative common names, the Buru Babirusa has relatively long thick, gold-brown body-hair – a feature not shared by the other extant babirusas.[3][4][5]

In absence of detailed data on B. babyrussa, it is generally assumed that its habitat and ecology are similar to that of B. celebensis (north Sulawesi babirusa). Furthermore, as all babirusas were considered conspecific under the scientific name B. babyrussa until 2001, data collected before that is consistently listed under the name B. babyrussa, though the vast majority actually refers to B. celebensis (by far the best known species of babirusa). Babyrusas tend to occupy tropical rainforests, river banks and various natural ponds rich in water plants. They are omnivorous and feed on various leaves, roots, fruits, invertebrates and small vertebrates. Their jaws and teeth are strong enough to crack any kind of nuts. Babirusas lack the rostral bone in their nose, which is a tool used by other wild pigs for digging. Therefore, they prefer feeding on roots in soft muddy or sandy soils. Cannibalism was reported among babirusas, feeding on the young of their own species or other mammals.[6] North Sulawesi babirusas form groups with up to a dozen of individuals, especially when raising their young. Older males might live individually.[2]

The north Sulawesi babirusa reach sexual maturity when they are 5–10 months old. Their estrous cycle is 28–42 days, and the gestation period lasts 150–157 days. The females have two rows of teats and will give birth to 1–2 piglets weighing 380–1050 grams and measuring 15–20 cm, which they will nurse until the age of 6–8 months. The lifespan is about 24 years.[6][7]

The restricted habitat of the Buru babirusa, with the total area within 20,000 km², and its gradual loss due to logging persuaded the International Union for Conservation of Nature to declare the species as vulnerable. Hunting by the local population is another cause of concern. Whereas it is unpopular among Muslim communities for religious reasons, it is widely hunted by the indigenous people of Buru, which are predominantly Christian. The meat of Buru babirusa has low fat (only 1.27% compared to 5–15% for domestic pigs) and is regarded as a delicacy. It is also preferred by the locals to the meat of other wild pigs or deer in terms of texture and flavor.[2][6][8] The establishment of two protected areas on Buru, Gunung Kapalat Mada (1,380 km²) and Waeapo (50 km²), partly aim at preserving the habitat of the Buru babirusa.[9] This species also enjoys full protection under Indonesian law since 1931.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Leus, K. & Oliver, W. (2008). "Babyrousa babyrussa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 15 November 2008. Listed as Vulnerable B1ab(iii).
  3. ↑ Meijaard, E. and Groves, C. P. (2002). Upgrading three subspecies of Babirusa (Babyrousa sp.) to full species level. IUCN/SSC Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos Specialist Group (PPHSG) Newsletter 2(2): 33-39.
  4. ↑ Meijaard, E., J. P. d'Huart, and W. L. R. Oliver (2011). Babirusa (Babyrousa). Pp. 274–276 in: Wilson, D. E., and R. A. Mittermeier, eds. (2011). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals. ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4
  5. ↑ Nash, D. (May 22, 2010). A close-up look at a Hairy babirusa. Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Scienceblogs. Accessed May 1, 2012
  6. 1 2 3 Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto Proceeding of the Mini Workshop Southeast Asia Germany Alumni Network (SEAG) "Empowering of Society through the Animal Health and Production Activities with the Appreciation to the Indigenous Knowledge": May 3rd – 5, 2007, Manado – Indonesia, ISBN 3-89958-389-2 pp. 83–92
  7. ↑ Asdell's patterns of mammalian reproduction: a compendium of species-specific data, Cornell University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8014-1753-8 pp. 377–380
  8. ↑ Barbara Dix Grimes. "Mapping Buru ..." (PDF). Australian National University.
  9. ↑ "Buru rain forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
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