Cherepovets
| Cherepovets (English) Череповец (Russian) | |
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| - City[1] - | |
 Aerial view of Cherepovets | |
.svg.png) Location of Vologda Oblast in Russia | |
  Cherepovets | |
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| Administrative status (as of December 2012) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Vologda Oblast[2] |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Cherepovets[2] |
| Administrative center of | Cherepovetsky District,[3] city of oblast significance of Cherepovets[2] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2012) | |
| Urban okrug | Cherepovets Urban Okrug[4] |
| Mayor[5] | Yury Kuzin[5] |
| Representative body | City Duma[6] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi)[7] |
| Population (2010 Census) | 312,310 inhabitants[8] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 59th |
| Density | 2,583/km2 (6,690/sq mi)[9] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[10] |
| Founded | November 4, 1777[11] |
| City status since | 1777 |
| Postal code(s)[12] | 162600 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8202[13] |
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| Cherepovets on Wikimedia Commons | |
| 2010 Census | 312,310[8] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 311,869[14] |
| 1989 Census | 310,463[15] |
| 1979 Census | 265,933[16] |
Cherepovets (Russian: Череповец; IPA: [tɕɪrʲɪpɐˈvʲɛts]) is a city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the west of the oblast on the banks of the Sheksna River (a tributary of the Volga River) and on the shores of the Rybinsk Reservoir. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 312,310, making it the most populous city in the oblast.[8]
Etymology
The origin of the word "Cherepovets" is a subject of much debate among the local historians. According to one version, the city supposedly received its name from the word "skull" ("cherep" in Russian). In antiquity there was a pagan sanctuary in honor of the god Veles on the hill at the confluence of the Sheksna and the Yagorba Rivers. The top of the hill was called the "skull". Another version suggests that the word "Cherepovets" originates from the name of the tribe "ves" (весь), who inhabited the Sheksna's banks. According to some legends, "Cherepovets," in the language of local indigenous Veps, means "Veps' fish hill".
Geography
The city is in the crossroads of the major Volga-Baltic waterway, west-east railroads, and gas pipelines, and between two Russian federal cities—Moscow and St. Petersburg.
History
The foundation of Cherepovets is traditionally ascribed to two orthodox monks Feodosy and Afanasy. In 1362, they founded the Cherepovets Resurrection Monastery, in the vicinity of which a small village of Fedosyevo was founded. Historians consider the former village of Fedosyevo to be in the center of modern Cherepovets. It took several centuries to develop the small village into a prominent trade, manufacturing, and transportation regional center. Cherepovets was granted city status in 1777 by Catherine the Great and became the center of a separate uyezd in the administrative structure of the Novgorod Governorate.
Сonstruction of Mariinsk canal system in 1810 year made a significant impact in development of the city. The Mariinsk Canal System connected Cherepovets with Volga river to the south and the Baltic Sea to the west. At that time, city was still in the very early stage of development with the population of 3000 residents by year 1863. For a long time the city brickworks with seven workers was the sole industrial enterprise in Cherepovets.
The development of city became more dynamic after Emancipation Reform happened in 1861 and appearance of ship building industry. The city soon became a prominent shipbuilding and logistics center tying major regional rail- and water-ways. The population had grown up to 10,000 mark by 1915.
After the revolution, in March 1918 eastern uyezds of the Novgorod Governorate was renamed to separate Cherepovets Governorate centered around Cherepovets. The new governorate existed for less than ten years. In 1927 it was merged with Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Murmansk Governorates into a single Leningrad Oblast. In September 1937 most of the former Cherepovets Governorate territories (with the exception of Tikhvin district) were transferred to the newly established Vologda Oblast.
The subsequent development of the city is closely tied to the completion of construction Cherepovets metallurgy plant (now known as Severstal) in 1955, the second biggest in the country. Unlike the majority of the most important metallurgy centers in the former Soviet Union, the location of the future steel plant was selected far away from the actual mineral resources and deposits. The reason for that was the logistic advantage of having well developed infrastructure that allowed to connect the north and northwest of the country by rail, road, and water ways into a single operation system. It connected such remote mining centers like Vorkuta and Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast.
Rapid growth of industry center drastically changed the city, and by the early 1960s its population exceeded 100,000 residents (three times bigger than the pre-World War II population). By 1970 Cherepovets became the most populated city in Vologda Oblast.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Cherepovets serves as the administrative center of Cherepovetsky District,[3] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the "city of oblast significance of Cherepovets" (one of the four in the oblast)—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Cherepovets is incorporated as Cherepovets Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
Cherepovets is very important industrial center in northwestern Russia mostly known for country's largest steel manufacturing plant with exports going to more than fifty countries around the world.
Metallurgy
The city began growing rapidly with the construction of the Metallurgical Works in the late 1930s. The first works' blast furnace was put into operation in 1955. The first Cherepovets iron was produced in August 1955 and steel in May 1958. In February 1959 the first ingot was rolled in a blooming mill and in November of the same year the first hot-rolled plate was produced.
Nowadays complex production processes of iron and steel making are highly mechanized and automatically operated. The works' shops have been modernized according to the latest achievements of engineering and technology of metal production. The joint-stock company 'Severstal' (LSE, MOEX) is a global exporter of ferrous and non-ferrous metals: iron, steel, hot-rolled plates, cold roll-formed shapes, and other products.
Chemical industry
The second largest industry in the city is chemical industry. Its main production area is concentrated in mineral fertilizers. 'PhosAgro' (LSE, MOEX) is the largest producer of phosphate based fertilizers and phosphoric and sulfuric acids in Europe. It is also one of the leading producers of NPK fertilizers, ammonia and AN in Russia.[17]
As an outcome of the high volume of metallurgical and chemical production, Cherepovets is one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. According to 2011 assessment the city was ranked second only to Norilsk, Russia.[18]
Transportation
Cherepovets is served by the Cherepovets Airport, which is home to Severstal Air Company.
Cherepovets has rail and road access to Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast, to Moscow, the capital of Russia, and to St. Petersburg.
Climate
Cherepovets has distinctive four-seasons humid continental climate[19] (just above subarctic), with warm summers and cold but not extremely cold winters by Russian standards. It falls into the humid continental zone by the fourth warmest month being just above 10 °C (50 °F) in mean temperature and the annual temperature being 3.3 °C (37.9 °F),[20] above the freezing point. Winter, however, lasts for five months, rendering transitional periods rather short.
| Climate data for Cherepovets | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
16 (61) |
26 (79) |
32.2 (90) |
33.7 (92.7) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
27.8 (82) |
22.5 (72.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.6 (20.1) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
7.61 (45.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10 (14) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
3.26 (37.87) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −15 (5) |
−15 (5) |
−10 (14) |
−1 (30) |
4 (39) |
9 (48) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−5 (23) |
−11 (12) |
−1.4 (29.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −48 (−54) |
−38 (−36) |
−35 (−31) |
−21 (−6) |
−12 (10) |
−2 (28) |
2 (36) |
1 (34) |
−6 (21) |
−22 (−8) |
−32 (−26) |
−40 (−40) |
−48 (−54) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.81) |
37 (1.46) |
38 (1.5) |
31 (1.22) |
45 (1.77) |
76 (2.99) |
72 (2.83) |
77 (3.03) |
57 (2.24) |
59 (2.32) |
54 (2.13) |
55 (2.17) |
647 (25.47) |
| Source: [21] | |||||||||||||
Modern city
The passing years have left their mark on the city's appearance. Large-scale housing and industrial construction has been carried out in the city. Over the past years hundreds of new multi-story blocks of apartments, detached, and semi-detached houses were built in Cherepovets.
Cherepovets is not only an industrial city, it is a center of culture, education, and sport. There are professional associations of local writers, poets, actors, painters, composers, journalists.
The city invests in sports and sport clubs. Cherepovets's athletes regularly compete in international and internal competitions. "Severstal" hockey club is well known in Kontinental Hockey League. "Severstal" basketball team, as well as the chess players' team are part of Russia Major League.
Notable residents
- Vasily Vereshchagin (1842–1904), famous battle painter, born in Cherepovets.
- Anna Demidova (1878–1918), House of Romanovs maid, murdered with Nicholas II and his family, born and raised in Cherepovets.
- Alexander Kutepov (1882–1930), White Army general, born in Cherepovets.
- Igor Severyanin (1887–1941), poet, one of the main figures of the Russian Futurist movement, grew up in Cherepovets.
- Valery Chkalov (1904–1938), aviator, studied at Cherepovets technical school.
- Nikolay Amosov (1913–2002), heart surgeon, born near Cherepovets and got his education in the city.
- Joseph Brodsky (1940–1996), Nobel Prize–winning poet and essayist, lived with his family in Cherepovets during the evacuation from Leningrad.
- Nikolai Noskov (born 1956), musician, former singer of Gorky Park, grew up and started his career in Cherepovets.
- Alexander Bashlachev (1960–1988), singer-songwriter, poet, born and grew up in Cherepovets.
- Leonid Parfyonov (born 1960), journalist and television host, born and grew up in Cherepovets.
- Dmitri Yushkevich (born 1970), NHL and KHL ice hockey player, born in Cherepovets, started playing in the Metallurg Cherepovets hockey school.
- Pavel Buchnevich (born 1995), former KHL and current NHL ice hockey player for the New York Rangers.
Twin towns and sister cities
Cherepovets is twinned with:[22]
Grande-Synthe, Nord, Hauts-de-France, France
Gorna Oryahovitsa, Bulgaria
Celje, Slovenia
Aiud, Romania
Balakovo, Saratov Oblast, Russia
Liaoyuan, Jilin, China
Klaipėda, Lithuania
Maladzyechna, Belarus
Derry, New Hampshire, United States- Montclair Township, New Jersey, United States
Raahe, Finland
References
Notes
- 1 2 Resolution #178
- 1 2 3 4 Law #371-OZ
- 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 19 256», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 19 256, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
- 1 2 Law #1104-OZ
- 1 2 Сайт мэрии Череповца. Кузин Юрий Александрович, мэр города Череповца (in Russian). Мэрия Череповца. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ↑ Официальный сайт города Череповца. Городская Дума (in Russian). Череповецкая городская Дума. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ↑ Судаков, Г. В. (2006). Г. В. Судаков, ed. Вологодская энциклопедия (PDF) (in Russian). Вологда: ВГПУ, Русь. p. 524. ISBN 5-87822-305-8. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 516. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ "List of postal codes" (in Russian). Russian Post. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ Телефонный код города Череповец (in Russian). kody.su. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
- ↑ "Chemical Industry". Vologda Oblast Official Website. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ↑ "Russia's top 10 most polluted cities". RIA Novosti. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Cherepovets, Russia, Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ↑ "Cherepovets, Russia, Temperature Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ↑ "Cherepovets, Russia, Temperature Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ↑ Cherepovets sister cities
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №371-ОЗ от 4 июня 1999 г. «О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области», в ред. Закона №2916-ОЗ от 7 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон области "О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №124–125, 29 июля 1999 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #371-OZ of June 4, 1999 On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Law #2916-OZ of December 7, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Вологодской области. Постановление №178 от 1 марта 2010 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц Вологодской области», в ред. Постановления №686 от 25 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Постановления Правительства области». Вступил в силу 20 марта 2010 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №29, 20 марта 2010 г. (Government of Vologda Oblast. Resolution #178 of March 1, 2010 On Adopting the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #686 of June 25, 2012 On Amending Various Resolutions of the Oblast Government. Effective as of March 20, 2010.).
- Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №1104-ОЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ города Череповца и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №2809-ОЗ от 5 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы области, устанавливающие границы и статус муниципальных образований области». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №242, 11 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #1104-OZ of December 6, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the City of Cherepovets and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #2809-OZ of July 5, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of the Oblast, Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Municipal Formations of the Oblast. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).
