Cynoglossus

Cynoglossus
Cynoglossus feldmanni
Cynoglossus monopus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Pleuronectiformes
Family:	Cynoglossidae
Genus:	Cynoglossus F. Hamilton, 1822
Type species
Cynoglossus lingua F. Hamilton, 1822
Synonyms
Arelia Kaup, 1858 Areliscus Jordan & Snyder, 1900 Cantoria Kaup, 1858 Cantorusia Whitley, 1940 Cynoglossoides von Bonde, 1922 Dexiourius Chabanaud, 1947 Dollfusichthys Chabanaud, 1931 Icania Kaup, 1858 Notrullus Whitley, 1951 Trulla Kaup, 1858

Cynoglossus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae. Most species are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific region, but they also occur in a few in warmer parts of the East Atlantic. They are commonly found in shallow waters on a muddy or sandy bottom, including estuaries and a few species are restricted to fresh water.^[1]

Species

There are currently 67 recognized species in this genus:

• Cynoglossus abbreviatus (J. E. Gray, 1834) (Three-lined tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus acaudatus Gilchrist, 1906 (Natal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus acutirostris Norman, 1939 (Sharp-nose tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Large-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus attenuatus Gilchrist, 1904
• Cynoglossus brachycephalus Bleeker, 1870 ^[2]
• Cynoglossus broadhursti Waite, 1905 (Southern tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus browni Chabanaud, 1949 (Nigerian tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud, 1947 (Ghanaian tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus canariensis Steindachner, 1882 (Canary tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup, 1858) (Sand tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889 (Hooked tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus cynoglossus (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Bengal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus dispar F. Day, 1877 (Round-head tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931) ^[3]
• Cynoglossus dubius F. Day, 1873 (Carrot tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus durbanensis Regan, 1921 (Durban tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1854) (River tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus gilchristi Regan, 1920 (Ripple-fin tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus gracilis Günther, 1873
• Cynoglossus heterolepis M. C. W. Weber, 1910 (Freshwater tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus interruptus Günther, 1880 (Genko tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder, 1909)
• Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878 (Red tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus kapuasensis Fowler, 1905
• Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851) (Short-headed tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977 (Lachner's tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker, 1851) (Rough-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lighti Norman, 1925
• Cynoglossus lineolatus Steindachner, 1867
• Cynoglossus lingua F. Hamilton, 1822 (Long tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman, 1926
• Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1851)
• Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926 (Big-eyed tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928 (Malabar tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl (de), 1921
• Cynoglossus marleyi Regan, 1921
• Cynoglossus melampetalus (J. Richardson, 1846)
• Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851) (Small-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus monodi Chabanaud, 1949 (Guinean tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus monopus (Bleeker, 1849)
• Cynoglossus nanhaiensis Z. M. Wang, Munroe & X. Y. Kong, 2016 (Nanhai tongue sole) ^[2]
• Cynoglossus nigropinnatus Ochiai, 1963
• Cynoglossus ochiaii Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji, 2008
• Cynoglossus ogilbyi Norman, 1926
• Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1855)
• Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner, 1902
• Cynoglossus praecisus Alcock, 1890 ^[2]
• Cynoglossus puncticeps (J. Richardson, 1846) (Speckled tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus Regan, 1905
• Cynoglossus quadrilineatus (Bleeker, 1851) (Four-lined tongue sole) ^[4]
• Cynoglossus robustus Günther, 1873
• Cynoglossus roulei H. W. Wu, 1932
• Cynoglossus sealarki Regan, 1908
• Cynoglossus semifasciatus F. Day, 1877 (Bengal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873 (Tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) (Senegalese tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus sibogae M. C. W. Weber, 1913
• Cynoglossus sinicus H. W. Wu, 1932
• Cynoglossus sinusarabici (Chabanaud, 1931)
• Cynoglossus suyeni Fowler, 1934
• Cynoglossus trigrammus Günther, 1862
• Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor, 1849) (Macau tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus versicolor Alcock, 1890 ^[2]
• Cynoglossus waandersii (Bleeker, 1854)
• Cynoglossus xiphoideus Günther, 1862 ^[2]
• Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman, 1939 (Zanzibar tongue sole)

References

1. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2016). Species of Cynoglossus in FishBase. January 2016 version.
2. Wang, Z.-m., Munroe, T.A. & Kong, X.-y. (2016): A new species of tongue sole (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossus) from coastal waters of the South China Sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129 (1): 129–143.
3. Munroe, T.A. & Kong, X.-Y. (2016): Resolving uncertainties regarding the nomenclature and status of the Tongue Soles, Paraplagusia dollfusi Chabanaud, 1931 and ‘‘Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1937)’’ (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129 (1): 10-23.
4. Kottelat, M. (2013): Nomenclature and identity of the tongue soles Paraplagusia bilineata, “Cynoglossus bilineatus” and Paraplagusia blochii (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61 (2): 763–766.