Dedham, Essex

Dedham
River Stour, Dedham, Essex
Dedham  Dedham shown within Essex
Population	1,907 (2011)[1]
OS grid reference	TM057331
District	Colchester
Shire county	Essex
Region	East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	COLCHESTER
Postcode district	CO7 6
Dialling code	01206
Police	Essex
Fire	Essex
Ambulance	East of England
EU Parliament	East of England
UK Parliament	North Essex
List of places UK England Essex

Coordinates: 51°57′32″N 0°59′36″E / 51.95888°N 0.99341°E

Dedham is a village within the borough of Colchester in northeast Essex, England, on the River Stour and the border of Essex and Suffolk. The nearest town to Dedham is the small market town of Manningtree.

Governance

Dedham is part of the electoral ward called Dedham and Langham. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 2,943.^[2]

Geography

Dedham is frequently rated as containing some of England's most beautiful Lowland landscape, most particularly the water meadows of the River Stour, which passes along the northern boundary of the village forming the boundary between Essex and Suffolk. Dedham has a central nuclear settlement around the Church and the junction of Mill Lane and the High Street (part of the B1029). Connected to Dedham are the hamlets of The Heath and Lamb Corner. The village forms a key part of the Dedham Vale.

History

Dedham Classis

In 1582–1587, a schismatic Presbyterian Christian group called the Dedham Classis, which included dozens of members opposed to the established church, was active in north-east Essex.^[3] This group held clandestine meetings and prayer groups in and around Colchester and surrounding villages like Dedham, publishing and distributing versions of Wycliffe's Bible and various other Calvinist texts obtained from London; the Dedham Classis is the best recorded of those active in the sixteenth century.^[4]

Dedham Settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

A group of early dissenters left Dedham to found the township of Dedham in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635. Under the leadership of John Rogers, a preacher banned from his work in England, they established a settlement on the western edge of the colony first established in 1628, now a suburb of the city of Boston. Despite some early setbacks this township eventually proved very successful and a number of prominent US families can trace their ancestry from these early arrivals from East Anglia – see note below on William Tecumseh Sherman.

John Constable

John Constable, Dedham Vale (1802)

Dedham is at the heart of 'Constable Country' – the area of England where Constable lived and painted. Constable attended the town's Grammar School (now the 'Old Grammar School' and 'Well House'), and he would walk to school each morning alongside the River Stour from his family's home in East Bergholt. Many of Constable's paintings feature Dedham, including Dedham Mill, which his father owned, and Dedham Parish Church, whose massive Caen stone and flint tower is a focal point of the surrounding Dedham Vale.

Other artists

In 1937, Cedric Morris and Arthur Lett-Haines founded the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing at Dedham. When, however, this burnt down, they moved to Hadleigh, Suffolk.

Of longer influence in Dedham was the horse painter Sir Alfred Munnings, who became President of the Royal Academy. His house in Dedham, Castle House, now contains a gallery of his work, and his studio.

Tom Keating, the art restorer and famous art forger, was a Dedham resident until his death in 1984. He is buried in the churchyard of Dedham Parish Church.^[5]

Architecture

Dedham contains a number of well-preserved buildings:

• Dedham Parish Church – St. Mary the Virgin, Dedham;^[5] the present building dates from the late 15th century, and was the last medieval 'wool church' to be completed, albeit in a more economical style that was originally intended. The Ascension by John Constable is on permanent display in the church.^[6] A viewing platform on top of the tower (open to the public from Easter to Harvest) gives excellent views of the lower part of the Stour valley.
• Sherman's Hall, a Grade I listed, Georgian-fronted townhouse used as a school until 1873 and now belonging to the National Trust.^[7]
• The Old Grammar School, founded by Elizabeth I. The present building dates from 1732 and was attended by John Constable. It is now private residences.^[7]
• The Sun Inn, a medieval building that retains its coaching arch.^[7]
• A Congregational church built in 1739 is now the Dedham Art and Craft Centre.^[7]
• Southfields, Grade I listed, is the most splendid of the many medieval buildings in the village. Formerly a factory used when Dedham was a wealthy wool town it is now a series of cottages.
• Castle House, the home of Sir Alfred Munnings and now the Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum.^[8]
• Assembly Rooms,^[9] The external appearance of the building suggests it is a Victorian building in the classical style, but research carried out as part of refurbishment works in 1998-9 has confirmed that the structure is much older, dating from c.1745. Although it was known as the 'Hewitt Memorial Hall' from 1917–1997 (in memory of the brother of a local benefactor, William Wilkins Hewitt), it has since reverted to its earlier name.

Economy

Formerly a rich wool town and market town, Dedham is a flourishing commercial village, with a post office, butcher, Co-op, grocer, delicatessen, art shop and various other shops.^[7] Agriculture is also important with mainly arable land (sugar beet and wheat) but also cattle grazing on the water meadows and some sheep on Grove Hill. There is an industrial estate near the A12 road, a main route passing the west of the village. A business centre and nursing home have recently opened.

Local amenities

• Boat Hire^[10]
• Tennis Club – Dedham has a tennis club with three all-weather courts and a club house^[11]
• Cricket Club – Dedham's cricket club is on the Duchy Field directly south of the church. It has its own pavilion.^[12]
• Football Club – Dedham Old Boys Football Club, founded in 1877, plays its home matches on the Recreation Field to the south of the church.
• Dedham Junior Football Club is a Charter Standard club
• Dedham has an atypically large number of restaurants and hotels for an English village.^[13]

Transport

Manningtree can easily be accessed by bicycle or by walking along the banks of the River Stour. Manningtree railway station provides regular, fast commuter services to London and Norwich. Colchester can be reached by bus. School buses service all the schools in Colchester and the independent schools in Ipswich.

Notable people

• John Rogers, (c.1570–1636), sometimes referred to as "Roaring" Rogers, who was the most famous preacher of his age, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1605–1636.
• Matthew Newcomen, (c.1610–1669), a co-author of Smectymnuus (1641), who preached before parliament in 1643, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1636–1662.
• William Burkitt, (1650–1703), author of A Poor Man's Help and Young Man's Guide (1694),and Expository Notes on the New Testament (1700–03), which was in print for more than 150 years, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1692–1703.
• Dedham is the ancestral home of General William Tecumseh Sherman, of American Civil War fame, whose ancestors emigrated to Massachusetts in the 1630s.^[14]
• Samuel Meredith RN (1796–1873), the first person to be appointed to the rank of Chief Constable was born in the village.
• Birthplace of William Haggar (1851–1925), whose pioneering work with film at the start of the twentieth century made him one of Britain's foremost directors.
• Osborne Reynolds, (1842–1912), engineer and physicist, who developed the understanding of electricity, magnetism, and fluid flow (part of the equation for determining the change between 'streamline' and 'turbulent' flow is still called a 'Reynold's Number'), was the son of a headmaster of Dedham Grammar School.
• Roger A. Freeman, (1928–2005), Dedham farmer and author who became a world authority on the operations of the US Eighth Air Force in World War II.

References

1. "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 29 September 2015.
2. "Dedham and Langham Ward population 2011". Retrieved 29 September 2015.
3. Goose, N. and Cooper, J. (1998) Tudor and Stuart Colchester. Published by Victoria County History of Essex. (ISBN 0 86025 302 3)
4. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol9/pp121-132 retrieved 26 April 2015
5. Church, Webmaster of Dedham Parish. "Dedham Parish Church (St Mary's, Dedham, Essex)".
6. "Dedham Parish Church". The Parish Church of St Mary's, Dedham. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
7. Jarvis, Joanne (November 2008). "Dedham delight". Essex Life. Archant. pp. 80–81. Retrieved 24 January 2009. (Registration required)
8. "Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum". The Castle House Trust. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
9. [email protected], Bob Cox e-mail:. "THE ASSEMBLY ROOMS - DEDHAM, ESSEX".
10. "Boathouse Restaurant Dedham. By the River Stour that forms part of the Essex – Suffolk border". Dedhamboathouse.co.uk. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
11. "Dedham Tennis Club". Dedhamtennis.org.uk. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
13. Mann, Clare (14 July 2008). "Dedham: My kind of town". The Daily Telegraph. London.
14. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs, The Library of America: 1990, p. 9.

External links

• Art UK John Constable The Ascension