Demographics of Haiti

Population of Haiti (in thousands) from 1961 to 2003

Although Haiti averages approximately 255 people per square kilometer (650 per sq. mi.), its population is concentrated most heavily in urban areas, coastal plains, and valleys. The nation is multi-ethnic, home to peoples of different races and ethnic groups. 95% of Haitians are of predominantly African descent.[1] The remaining 5% of the population is primarily mulattoes, Europeans, Asians and Arabs. Hispanic residents in Haiti are mostly Cuban and Dominican. About two thirds of the Haitian population live in rural areas.

Although there was a national census taken in Haiti in 2003, much of that data has not been released to the public. Several demographic studies, including those by social work researcher Athena Kolbe, have shed light on the current status of urban residents. In 2006, households averaged 4.5 members. The median age was 25 years with a mean average age of 27 years. People aged 15 and younger counted for roughly a third of the population. Overall, 52.7 percent of the population was female.[2]

Population

According to the 2012 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 9,896,000 in 2010, compared to 3,221,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 36.2%, 59.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4.5% was 65 years or older .[3]

Total population
(x 1000)		 Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)		 Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)		 Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 3 22139.656.73.7
1955 3 51639.756.93.4
1960 3 86940.356.53.2
1965 4 27541.754.93.4
1970 4 71341.854.53.7
1975 5 14441.354.83.9
1980 5 69241.154.94.0
1985 6 38942.253.84.0
1990 7 11043.152.94.0
1995 7 83842.653.53.9
2000 8 57840.355.74.0
2005 9 26138.157.84.2
2010 9 89636.259.74.5

Structure of the population [4]

Structure of the population (01.07.2010) (Estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 4 993 731 5 091 483 10 085 214 100
0-4 644 550 618 772 1 263 322 12,53
5-9 608 495 586 984 1 195 479 11,85
10-14 588 618 569 860 1 158 478 11,49
15-19 551 467 540 897 1 092 364 10,83
20-24 509 042 510 547 1 019 589 10,11
25-29 454 123 465 513 919 636 9,12
30-34 340 518 362 078 702 596 6,97
35-39 261 157 286 847 548 004 5,43
40-44 235 182 253 300 488 482 4,84
45-49 204 077 219 300 423 377 4,20
50-54 166 418 176 495 342 913 3,40
55-59 136 034 148 697 284 731 2,82
60-64 95 939 110 896 206 835 2,05
65-69 81 854 94 044 175 898 1,74
70-74 58 181 71 255 129 436 1,28
75-79 35 538 45 360 80 898 0,80
80+ 22 538 30 638 53 176 0,53
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 1 841 663 1 775 999

66

 3 617 229 35,87
15-64 2 953 957 3 074 620 6 028 577 59,78
65+ 198 111 241 297 439 408 4,36

Structure of the population (01.07.2011) (Estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 5 075 517 5 172 789 10 248 306 100
0-4 647 465 621 432 1 268 897 12,38
5-9 611 472 589 690 1 201 161 11,72
10-14 591 018 572 066 1 163 085 11,35
15-19 556 085 544 798 1 100 883 10,74
20-24 514 235 514 898 1 029 132 10,04
25-29 465 396 475 451 940 847 9,18
30-34 358 927 379 066 737 993 7,20
35-39 270 574 296 362 566 936 5,53
40-44 237 754 257 273 495 026 4,83
45-49 208 671 224 746 433 416 4,23
50-54 171 468 182 332 353 800 3,45
55-59 140 392 152 742 293 134 2,86
60-64 99 846 114 973 214 819 2,10
65-69 82 201 94 868 177 069 1,73
70-74 59 833 72 957 132 790 1,30
75-79 36 751 47 083 83 834 0,82
80+ 23 431 32 053 55 484 0,54
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 1 849 955 1 783 188 3 633 143 35,45
15-64 3 023 346 3 142 640 6 165 986 60,17
65+ 202 216 246 961 449 177 4,38

Structure of the population (DHS 2012) (Males 28 122, Females 29 844 = 57 966) :

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-4 12,9 11,7 12,3
5-9 12,1 10,9 11,5
10-14 12,9 11,7 12,3
15-19 11,6 11,7 11,6
20-24 9,5 10,0 9,8
25-29 7,7 8,4 8,1
30-34 6,0 6,3 6,2
35-39 5,2 5,2 5,2
40-44 4,3 4,2 4,3
45-49 3,6 4,0 3,8
50-54 3,3 4,1 3,7
55-59 2,8 3,4 3,1
60-64 2,5 2,6 2,5
65-69 2,0 1,8 1,9
70-74 1,6 1,4 1,5
75-79 0,8 0,9 0,9
80+ 1,1 1,5 1,3
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-14 37,9 34,3 36,1
15-64 56,6 60,1 58,3
65+ 5,5 5,6 5,6

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Haiti not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]

Period Live births
per year		 Deaths
per year		 Natural change
per year		 CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total		 Life expectancy
males		 Life expectancy
females
1950–1955 154 000 89 000 65 00045.726.519.26.3022037.636.338.9
1955–1960 165 000 87 000 78 00044.623.621.06.3019440.739.442.0
1960–1965 177 000 86 000 91 00043.521.122.46.3017143.642.344.9
1965–1970 183 000 84 000 99 00040.718.622.16.0015046.344.957.6
1970–1975 188 000 85 000 104 00038.217.221.15.6013548.046.849.3
1975–1980 217 000 87 000 129 00040.016.123.95.8013150.048.551.5
1980–1985 259 000 94 000 164 00042.815.627.26.2112251.550.252.9
1985–1990 264 000 94 000 170 00039.113.925.35.7010053.652.255.0
1990–1995 265 000 93 000 172 00035.512.523.15.158555.353.756.8
1995–2000 268 000 93 000 175 00032.711.321.34.627056.955.258.7
2000–2005 265 000 95 000 171 00029.710.619.14.005658.156.459.9
2005–2010 265 000 90 000 175 00027.79.418.33.554960.759.062.4
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Disasters often cause human populations to increase long term, rather than decrease, by way of increased fertility exceeding the deaths caused by the initial disaster, as shell-shocked mothers replace every lost child with more than needed. In Haiti's case, the fertility rate nearly tripled after the quake, and is likely to remain elevated (above pre-quake levels) for long after.[5]

Births and deaths [6]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2005 9 292 282 ~258 325 ~87 347 ~170 978 27.8 9.4 18.4 3.5
2006 9 445 412 ~258 804 ~87 842 ~170 962 27.4 9.3 18.2 3.4
2007 9 602 305 ~260 222 ~87 381 ~172 841 27.1 9.1 18.0 3.4
2008 9 761 929 ~260 644 ~87 857 ~172 787 26.7 9.0 17.7 3.3
2009 9 923 243 ~261 874 ~87 325 ~174 549 26.4 8.8 17.6 3.3
2010 10 085 216 ~262 216 ~87 741 ~174 475 26.0 8.7 17.3 3.2
2011 10 248 306 ~265 431 ~88 135 ~177 296 25.9 8.6 17.3
2012 10 413 211 ~267 620 ~88 512 ~179 108 25.7 8.5 17.2 3.2
2013 10 579 230

Number of births and deaths are calculated - based on Crude Birth and Death Rates.

Fertility and births

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[7]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1994–95 34 4,8 (3,0) 31 3,3 (2,2) 35 5,9 (3,7)
2000 32,6 4,7 (2,7) 29,4 3,3 (2,0) 34,0 5,8 (3,4)
2005–2006 28,7 4,0 (2,4) 26,2 2,8 (1,8) 30,1 5,0 (2,9)
2012 27,8 3,5 (2,2) 24,4 2,6 (1,9) 29,4 4,4 (2,6)

Languages

Taíno was the major pre-Columbian language in the region now known as Haiti. One of the country's official languages is Haitian Creole, a French-based creole with African, Spanish, Portuguese, English and Taíno influences. French is the other official language. Spanish, though not official, is spoken by a growing amount of the population, and is spoken more frequently near the border with the Dominican Republic. English is increasingly spoken among the young and in the business sector.

Religion

Main articles: Religion in Haiti and Haitian Vodou

The state religion is Roman Catholicism which 80–85% of the population professes. 15–20% of Haitians practice Protestantism. Only a very small percentage of the population practice Vodou, mostly along with another religion.[8]

Education

Main article: Education in Haiti

Although public education at the primary level is now free, private and parochial schools provide around 75% of educational programs offered.

In recent years, several annual literacy campaigns launched in by the Martelly administration has increased overall literacy among adults in Haiti.[9] UNESCO projects an overall literacy rate of 61.1% in Haiti by 2015.[10] As of December 2014, World bank has reported that school enrollment has increased from 78% to 90% in Haiti, very close to the goal of universal child enrollment.[11]

Labor

In 2004, 300,000 children were restavecs, which are somewhat like indentured service for minors. This was done by their parents in order that the children would be fed.[12]

Emigration

Large-scale emigration, principally to the Dominican Republic, United States, and Canada (predominantly to Quebec, with other areas of the country) – but also to Cuba, other areas of Europe and the Americas (like Argentina) such as France (with French Guiana), Spain, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Ireland; and Venezuela, Brazil, the Bahamas and other Caribbean neighbors – has created what Haitians refer to as the Eleventh Department or the Diaspora. About one of every six Haitians live abroad.

The World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from The World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated [13]

Nationality

Population

Languages

Ethnic groups

Literacy

Religions

References

  1. ↑ CIA – The World Factbook – Haiti
  2. ↑ Kolbe, Athena R.; Royce A. Hutson (August 31, 2006). "Human rights abuse and other criminal violations in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a random survey of households" (PDF). The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69211-8. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  3. 1 2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision
  4. ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
  5. ↑ Haiti's Rate Of Fertility Tripled – Report
  6. ↑ http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Demography/HT.pdf
  7. ↑ Worldbank – Microdata: Haiti
  8. ↑ The World Factbook
  9. ↑ "Haiti – Social : The fight against illiteracy, one of the Government's priorities". September 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ ""Literacy Statistics trends 1985–2015"" (PDF).
  11. ↑ "Extreme poverty drops in Haiti. Is it sustainable?". 4 December 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  12. ↑ Cohen, Gigi (2004-03-24). "Haiti's Dark secret:The Restavecs". National Public Radio.
  13. ↑ "Central America and Caribbean :: HAITI". CIA The World Factbook.
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