Demography of the United States

Demographics of the United States
Population	324,954,000 (3rd)
Density	84.54 people/sq mi (180th) 32.54 people/km^2
Growth rate	0.77% (143rd)
Birth rate	13.42 births/1,000 population (147th)
Death rate	8.15/1,000 population (100th)
Life expectancy	79.56 years (36th)
• male	77.11 years
• female	81.94 years
Fertility rate	1.84 children/woman (123rd)
Infant mortality rate	6.17 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	2.45 migrants/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years	19.4%
15–64 years	66.2%
65 and over	14.4%
Nationality
Nationality	American
Language
Official	None at the federal level
Spoken	English 80%, Spanish 12.4%, other Indo-European 3.7%, Asian and Pacific island languages 3%, other languages 0.9%

As of November 30, 2016, the United States has a total resident population of 325,110,000, making it the third most populous country in the world.^[1] It is very urbanized, with 81% residing in cities and suburbs as of 2014 (the worldwide urban rate is 54%).^[2] California and Texas are the most populous states,^[3] as the mean center of U.S. population has consistently shifted westward and southward.^[4] New York City is the most populous city in the United States.^[5]

The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2015 is 1.84 children per woman,^[6][7] which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. Compared to other Western countries, in 2012, U.S. fertility rate was lower than that of France (2.01),^[8] Australia (1.93) and the United Kingdom (1.92).^[9] However, U.S. population growth is among the highest in industrialized countries,^[10] because the differences in fertility rates are less than the differences in immigration levels, which are higher in the U.S.^[11][12] The United States Census Bureau shows a population increase of 0.75% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2012. Though high by industrialized country standards, this is below the world average annual rate of 1.1%.^[10]

There were about 125.9 million adult women in the United States in 2014. The number of men was 119.4 million. At age 85 and older, there were almost twice as many women as men (4 million vs. 2.1 million). People under 21 years of age made up over a quarter of the U.S. population (27.1%), and people age 65 and over made up one-seventh (14.5%).^[13] The national median age was 36.8 years in 2009.^[13]

The United States Census Bureau defines White people as those "having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who reported "White" or wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish."^[14] Whites constitute the majority of the U.S. population, with a total of about 245,532,000 or 77.7% of the population as of 2013. 62.6% of the population of the country are non-Hispanic whites. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1960s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of American citizens are still white, and English-speaking, though regional differences exist.

The American population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It reached the 200 million mark in 1968, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.^[15][16] Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2012, 50.4% of American children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.^[17]

Hispanic and Latino Americans accounted for 48% of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.^[18] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.^[19]

The Census Bureau projects a U.S. population of 417 million in 2060, which is a 38% increase from 2007 (301.3 million).^[20] However, the United Nations projects a U.S. population of 402 million in 2050, an increase of 32% from 2007.^[21] In an official census report, it was reported that 54.4% (2,150,926 out of 3,953,593) of births in 2010 were non-Hispanic white. This represents an increase of 0.34% compared to the previous year, which was 54.06%.^[22]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	3,929,214		—
1800	5,236,631		33.3%
1810	7,239,881		38.3%
1820	9,638,453		33.1%
1830	12,866,020		33.5%
1840	17,069,453		32.7%
1850	23,191,876		35.9%
1860	31,443,321		35.6%
1870	38,558,371		22.6%
1880	49,371,340		28.0%
1890	62,979,766		27.6%
1900	76,212,168		21.0%
1910	92,228,531		21.0%
1920	106,021,568		15.0%
1930	123,202,660		16.2%
1940	132,165,129		7.3%
1950	151,325,798		14.5%
1960	179,323,175		18.5%
1970	203,211,926		13.3%
1980	226,545,805		11.5%
1990	248,709,873		9.8%
2000	281,421,906		13.2%
2010	308,745,538		9.7%
Est. 2016	324,227,000		5.0%
Sources: United States Census Bureau[23][24][25]

History

Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900.

In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million Whites in the United States, representing 88% of the total population,^[26] 8.8 million African Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states,^[27] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.^[28]

Under the law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,^[29] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased,^[30] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007.^[31] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s.^[32] In 2009, 37% of immigrants originated in Asia, 42% in North America, and 11% in Africa.^[33]

In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest American cities.^[34] By 2006, non-Hispanic whites had dwindled to a minority in 35 of the nation's 50 largest cities.^[35] The Census Bureau reported that minorities (including Hispanic whites) made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011,^[36] compared to 37% in 1990.^[37]

In 2010 the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.63, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.45.^[38] This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US—39.2—while Utah has the youngest—29.0.^[39]

Vital statistics

Map of population change in U.S. states from April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013.

The U.S. total fertility rate as of 2010 census is 1.931:

• 1.948 for White Americans (including White Hispanics)
  • 1.791 for non-Hispanic Whites
• 1.972 for Black Americans (including Black Hispanics)
  • 1.958 for non-Hispanic Blacks
• 1.404 for Native Americans (including Hispanics)
• 1.689 for Asian Americans (including Hispanics)

Other:^[40]

• 2.350 for Hispanics (of all racial groups)
• 1.831 for non-Hispanics (of all racial groups)

(Note that ~95% of Hispanics are included as "white Hispanics" by CDC, which does not recognize the Census' "Some other race" category and counts people in that category as white.)

Source: National Vital statistics report based on 2010 US Census data^[22]

2013–2014 birth data by race

Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.^[7][41] Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

Race of Mother	Number of births in 2013	2013 (‰)	Number of births in 2014	2014 (‰)
White	2,985,757	1.868	3,019,863	1.876	1.14%
> Non-Hispanic	2,129,196	1.751	2,149,302	1.763	0.94%
Black	634,760	1.883	640,562	1.872	0.91%
> Non-Hispanic	583,834	1.882	588,891	1.874	0.86%
Asian and Pacific islander	265,673	1.681	282,723	1.716	6.42%
Native (incl. Alaska native)	45,991	1.335	44,928	1.289	2.31%
Total	3,932,181	1.858	3,988,076	1.863	1.42%

NOTE: that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

Ethnicity of Mother	Number of births in 2013	2013 (‰)	Number of births in 2014	2014 (‰)
Non-Hispanics (of any race)	3,003,556	1.784	3,043,519	1.793	1.33%
Hispanic (of any race)	901,033	2.149	914,065	2.131	1.44%

Foreign-born fertility rate (‰) by race
and those of Hispanic origin^[42]

Race	2008	2011	2013
White	2.29	2.01	1.94
Black	2.51	2.57	2.35
Asian	2.25	2.02	1.93
Other	1.80	2.04	2.06
Hispanic (of any race)	3.15	2.77	2.46
Total	2.75	2.45	2.22

Age group	Total (of population)	White alone (of race/age group)	Black alone (of race/age group)	Mixed and/or Some Other Race (of race/age group)	Asian alone (of race/age group)	Either American Indian or Alaska Native (of race/age group)	Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (of race/age group)
Total	308745538 (100%)	223553265 (72.41%)	38929319 (12.61%)	28116441 (9.11%)	14674252 (4.75%)	2932248 (0.95%)	540013 (0.17%)
0–4	20201362 (6.5%)	12795675 (5.7%/63.34%)	2902590 (7.5%/14.37%)	3315480 (11.8%/16.41%)	898011 (6.1%/4.45%)	244615 (8.3%/1.21%)	44991 (8.3%/0.22%)
5–9	20348657 (6.6%)	13293799 (5.9%/65.33%)	2882597 (7.4%/14.17%)	2957487 (10.5%/14.53%)	928248 (6.3%/4.56%)	243259 (8.3%/1.20%)	43267 (8.0%/0.21%)
10–14	20677194 (6.7%)	13737332 (6.1%/66.44%)	3034266 (7.8%/14.67%)	2736570 (9.7%/13.23%)	881590 (6.0%/4.26%)	245049 (8.4%/1.19%)	42387 (7.8%/0.20%)
15–19	22040343 (7.1%)	14620638 (6.5%/66.35%)	3448051 (8.9%/15.64%)	2704571 (9.6%/12.27%)	956028 (6.5%/4.34%)	263805 (9.0%/1.20%)	47250 (8.7%/0.21%)
20–24	21585999 (7.0%)	14535947 (6.5%/67.34%)	3111397 (8.0%/14.41%)	2538967 (9.0%/11.76%)	1106222 (7.5%/5.12%)	240716 (8.2%/1.12%)	52750 (9.8%/0.24%)
25–29	21101849 (6.8%)	14345364 (6.4%/67.98%)	2786254 (7.2%/13.20%)	2464343 (8.8%/11.68%)	1234322 (8.4%/5.85%)	221654 (7.6%/1.05%)	49912 (9.2%/0.24%)
30–34	19962099 (6.5%)	13573270 (6.1%/68.00%)	2627925 (6.8%/13.16%)	2273322 (8.1%/11.39%)	1240906 (8.5%/6.22%)	202928 (6.9%/1.02%)	43748 (8.1%/0.22%)
35–39	20179642 (6.5%)	13996797 (6.3%/69.36%)	2613389 (6.7%/12.95%)	2038408 (7.2%/10.10%)	1296301 (8.8%/6.42%)	196017 (6.7%/0.97%)	38730 (7.2%/0.19%)
40–44	20890964 (6.8%)	15052798 (6.7%/72.05%)	2669034 (6.9%/12.78%)	1782463 (6.3%/8.53%)	1155565 (7.9%/5.53%)	194713 (6.6%/0.93%)	36391 (6.7%/0.17%)
45–49	22708591 (7.4%)	17028255 (7.6%/74.99%)	2828657 (7.3%/12,46%)	1532117 (5.4%/6.75%)	1076060 (7.3%/4.74%)	207857 (7.1%/0.92%)	35645 (6.6%/0.16%)
50–54	22298125 (7.2%)	17178632 (7.7%/77.04%)	2694247 (6.9%/12.08%)	1222175 (4.3%/5.48%)	980282 (6.7%/4.40%)	191893 (6.5%/0.86%)	30896 (5.7%/0.14%)
55–59	19664805 (6.4%)	15562187 (7.0%/79.14%)	2205820 (5.7%/11.22%)	873943 (3.1%/4.44%)	844490 (5.8%/4.29%)	154320 (5.3%/0.78%)	24045 (4.5%/0.12%)
60–64	16817924 (5.4%)	13693334 (6.1%/81.42%)	1686695 (4.3%/10.03%)	611144 (2.2%/3.63%)	689601 (4.7%/4.10%)	118362 (4.0%/0.70%)	18788 (3.5%/0.11%)
65–69	12435263 (4.0%)	10313002 (4.6%/82.93%)	1162577 (3.0%/9.35%)	394208 (1.4%/3.17%)	474327 (3.2%/3.81%)	79079 (2.7%/0.64%)	12070 (2.2%/0.10%)
70–74	9278166 (3.0%)	7740932 (3.5%/83.43%)	852317 (2.2%/9.19%)	268574 (1.0%/2.89%)	354268 (2.4%/3.82%)	53926 (1.8%/0.58%)	8149 (1.5%/0.09%)
75–79	7317795 (2.4%)	6224569 (2.8%/85.06%)	616789 (1.6%/8.43%)	184596 (0.7%/2.52%)	251210 (1.7%/3.43%)	35268 (1.2%/0.48%)	5363 (1.0%/0.07%)
80–84	5743327 (1.9%)	5002427 (2.2%/87.10%)	424592 (1.1%/7.39%)	122249 (0.4%/2.13%)	168879 (1.2%/2.94%)	21963 (0.7%/0.38%)	3217 (0.6%/0.06%)
85+	5493433 (1.8%)	4858307 (2.2%/88.44%)	382122 (1.0%/6.96%)	95824 (0.3%/1.74%)	137942 (0.9%/2.51%)	16824 (0.6%/0.31%)	2414 (0.4%/0.04%)

Vital statistics

	Average population (x 1,000)[43]	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1,000)	Crude death rate (per 1,000)[44]	Natural change (per 1,000)	Total fertility rate
1935	127,362	2,377,000	1,392,752	984,248	18.7	10.9	7.7	2.19
1936	128,181	2,355,000	1,479,228	875,772	18.4	11.5	6.8	2.15
1937	128,961	2,413,000	1,450,427	962,573	18.7	11.2	7.5	2.17
1938	129,969	2,496,000	1,381,391	1,114,609	19.2	10.6	8.6	2.22
1939	131,028	2,466,000	1,387,897	1,078,103	18.8	10.6	8.2	2.17
1940	132,165	2,559,000	1,417,269	1,142,000	19.4	10.8	8.6	2.23
1941	133,002	2,703,000	1,397,642	1,305,358	20.3	10.5	9.8	2.33
1942	134,464	2,989,000	1,385,187	1,603,813	22.2	10.3	11.9	2.55
1943	136,003	3,104,000	1,459,544	1,644,306	22.8	10.7	12.1	2.64
1944	138,083	2,939,000	1,411,338	1,644,456	21.2	10.2	11.0	2.49
1945	139,994	2,858,000	1,401,719	1,456,281	20.4	10.0	10.4	2.42
1946	140,008	3,411,000	1,395,617	2,015,383	24.1	10.0	14.1	2.86
1947	145,023	3,817,000	1,445,370	2,371,630	26.6	10.0	16.6	3.18
1948	148,013	3,637,000	1,444,337	2,192,663	24.9	9.8	15.1	3.03
1949	149,336	3,649,000	1,443,607	2,205,393	24.5	9.7	14.8	3.04
1950	151,861	3,632,000	1,452,454	2,180,000	24.1	9.6	14.5	3.03
1951	154,056	3,823,000	1,482,099	2,340,901	24.8	9.6	15.2	3.20
1952	156,431	3,913,000	1,496,838	2,416,162	25.0	9.6	15.4	3.30
1953	159,047	3,965,000	1,447,459	2,517,541	25.2	9.1	16.1	3.36
1954	161,948	4,078,000	1,481,091	2,596,909	24.8	9.3	15.5	3.48
1955	163,476	4,097,000	1,528,717	2,568,283	25.0	9.3	14.3	3.52
1956	166,578	4,218,000	1,564,476	2,653,524	25.1	9.3	15.8	3.63
1957	169,637	4,308,000	1,633,128	2,666,872	25.3	9.5	15.8	3.71
1958	172,668	4,255,000	1,647,886	2,607,114	24.4	9.5	14.9	3.65
1959	175,642	4,244,796	1,656,814	2,587,982	24.0	9.4	14.7	3.66
1960	179,979	4,257,850	1,711,982	2,545,868	23.7	9.5	14.1	3.65
1961	182,992	4,268,326	1,701,522	2,566,804	23.3	9.3	14.0	3.62
1962	185,771	4,167,362	1,756,720	2,410,642	22.4	9.5	12.9	3.46
1963	188,483	4,098,020	1,813,549	2,284,471	21.7	9.6	12.1	3.32
1964	191,141	4,027,490	1,798,051	2,229,439	21.1	9.4	11.7	3.19
1965	193,526	3,760,358	1,828,136	1,932,222	19.4	9.5	9.9	2.91
1966	195,576	3,606,274	1,863,149	1,743,125	18.4	9.5	8.9	2.72
1967	197,457	3,520,959	1,851,323	1,669,636	17.8	9.4	8.4	2.56
1968	199,399	3,501,564	1,930,082	1,571,482	17.6	9.7	7.9	2.46
1969	201,385	3,600,206	1,921,990	1,678,216	17.9	9.5	8.4	2.46
1970	203,984	3,731,386	1,921,031	1,810,355	18.4	9.4	9.0	2.480
1971	206,827	3,555,970	1,927,542	1,628,428	17.2	9.3	7.9	2.266
1972	209,284	3,258,411	1,963,944	1,294,467	15.6	9.4	6.2	2.010
1973	211,357	3,136,965	1,973,003	1,163,962	14.8	9.5	5.3	1.879
1974	213,342	3,159,958	1,934,388	1,225,570	14.8	9.1	5.7	1.835
1975	215,465	3,144,198	1,892,879	1,251,319	14.6	8.8	5.8	1.774
1976	217,563	3,167,788	1,909,440	1,258,348	14.6	8.8	5.8	1.738
1977	219,760	3,326,632	1,899,597	1,427,035	15.1	8.6	6.5	1.789
1978	222,095	3,333,279	1,927,788	1,405,491	15.0	8.7	6.3	1.760
1979	224,567	3,494,398	1,913,841	1,580,557	15.6	8.5	7.1	1.808
1980	227,225	3,612,258	1,989,841	1,622,417	15.9	8.8	7.1	1.839
1981	229,466	3,629,238	1,977,981	1,651,257	15.8	8.6	7.2	1.812
1982	231,664	3,680,537	1,974,797	1,705,740	15.9	8.5	7.4	1.827
1983	233,792	3,638,933	2,019,201	1,619,732	15.6	8.6	6.9	1.799
1984	235,825	3,669,141	2,039,369	1,629,772	15.6	8.6	6.9	1.806
1985	237,924	3,760,561	2,086,440	1,674,121	15.8	8.8	7.0	1.844
1986	240,133	3,756,547	2,105,361	1,651,186	15.6	8.8	6.9	1.837
1987	242,289	3,809,394	2,123,323	1,686,071	15.7	8.8	7.0	1.872
1988	244,499	3,909,510	2,167,999	1,741,511	16.0	8.9	7.1	1.934
1989	246,819	4,040,958	2,150,466	1,890,492	16.4	8.7	7.7	2.014
1990	249,623	4,158,212	2,148,463	2,009,749	16.7	8.6	8.1	2.081
1991	252,981	4,110,907	2,169,518	1,941,389	16.2	8.6	7.7	2.062
1992	256,514	4,065,014	2,175,613	1,889,401	15.8	8.5	7.4	2.046
1993	259,919	4,000,240	2,268,553	1,731,687	15.4	8.7	6.7	2.019
1994	263,126	3,952,767	2,278,994	1,673,773	15.0	8.7	6.4	2.001
1995	266,278	3,899,589	2,312,132	1,587,457	14.6	8.7	6.0	1.978
1996	269,394	3,891,494	2,314,690	1,576,804	14.4	8.6	5.9	1.976
1997	272,647	3,880,894	2,314,245	1,566,649	14.2	8.5	5.7	1.971
1998	275,854	3,941,553	2,337,256	1,604,297	14.3	8.5	5.8	1.999
1999	279,040	3,959,417	2,391,399	1,568,018	14.2	8.6	5.6	2.007
2000	282,172	4,058,814	2,403,351	1,655,463	14.4	8.5	5.9	2.056
2001	285,082	4,025,933	2,416,425	1,609,508	14.1	8.5	5.6	2.030
2002	287,804	4,021,726	2,443,387	1,578,339	14.0	8.5	5.5	2.020
2003	290,326	4,089,950	2,448,288	1,641,662	14.1	8.4	5.5	2.047
2004	293,046	4,112,052	2,397,615	1,714,437	14.0	8.2	5.9	2.051
2005	295,753	4,138,349	2,448,017	1,690,332	14.0	8.3	5.7	2.057
2006	298,593	4,265,555	2,426,264	1,839,291	14.3	8.1	6.2	2.108
2007	301,580	4,316,233	2,423,712	1,892,521	14.3	8.0	6.3	2.120
2008	304,375	4,247,694	2,471,984	1,775,710	14.0	8.1	5.9	2.072
2009	307,007	4,130,665	2,437,163	1,693,502	13.5	7.9	5.6	2.002
2010	309,330	3,999,386	2,468,435	1,530,951	13.0	8.0	5.0	1.931
2011	311,583	3,953,593	2,515,458	1,438,415	12.7	8.1	4.6	1.894
2012	313,874	3,952,937	2,543,279	1,409,658	12.6	8.1	4.5	1.880
2013	316,129	3,932,181	2,596,993	1,336,183	12.4	8.2	4.2	1.857
2014	319,113	3,988,076	2,626,418	1,361,658	12.5	8.2	4.3	1.862
2015	321,442	3,977,745			12.4			1.843

• (e) = estimates

Population density

United States population density map

The most densely populated state is New Jersey (1,121/mi² or 433/km²). See List of U.S. states by population density for maps and complete statistics.

The United States Census Bureau publishes a popular "dot" or "nighttime" map showing population distribution at resolutions of 1,000 and 7,500 people,^[45] as well as complete listings of population density by place name.^[46]

Cities

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31 "global cities"^[47] of all types, with 8 in the "alpha" group of global cities: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, DC, Boston, San Francisco, Miami and Atlanta.^[48] As of 2011, the United States had 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. (See Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.)

As of 2011, about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.^[49]

The following table shows the populations of the 18 of top twenty metropolitan areas, at the time of the 2010 Census. Note Denver and Baltimore have over 2.5 million residents in their metro areas.

Leading population centers (see complete list)
Rank	Core city (cities)	Metro area population	Metropolitan Statistical Area	Region[50]	New York City Los Angeles Chicago Dallas
1	New York	20,182,305	New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA MSA	Mid-Atlantic
2	Los Angeles	13,340,068	Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, CA MSA	West
3	Chicago	9,551,031	Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI MSA	Midwest
4	Dallas–Fort Worth	7,102,796	Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA	West
5	Houston	6,656,947	Houston–The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA	West
6	Washington, D.C.	6,097,684	Washington, DC–VA–MD–WV MSA	Mid-Atlantic
7	Philadelphia	6,069,875	Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA	Mid-Atlantic
8	Miami	6,012,331	Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach, FL MSA	South
9	Atlanta	5,710,795	Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA	South
10	Boston	4,774,321	Boston–Cambridge–Quincy, MA–NH MSA	New England
11	San Francisco	4,656,132	San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA	West
12	Phoenix	4,574,531	Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale, AZ MSA	West
13	San Bernardino–Riverside	4,489,159	San Bernardino–Riverside–Ontario, CA MSA	West
14	Detroit	4,302,043	Detroit–Warren–Livonia, MI MSA	Midwest
15	Seattle	3,733,580	Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA	West
16	Minneapolis–St. Paul	3,524,583	Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI MSA	Midwest
17	San Diego	3,299,521	San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA MSA	West
18	Tampa–St. Petersburg	2,975,225	Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA	South
19	Denver	2,814,330	Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO MSA	West
20	St. Louis	2,811,588	St. Louis MO–IL MSA	Midwest
Based on 2015 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau[51]

Race and ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic population percentage by state in 2012.

Percent of Hispanic and Latino population by state in 2012.

Top ancestries in 2000.

The U.S. population's distribution by race and ethnicity in 2010 was as follows; due to rounding, percentage figures may not add up to the totals shown.^[52]

Race / Ethnicity	Number	Percentage of U.S. population
Americans	308,745,538	100.0 %
Non-Hispanic White	196,817,552	63.7 %
Non-Hispanic Black	37,685,848	12.2 %
Non-Hispanic Asian	14,465,124	4.7 %
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native	2,247,098	0.7 %
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	481,576	0.2 %
Non-Hispanic some other race	604,265	0.2 %
Non-Hispanic two or more races	5,966,481	1.9 %
Hispanic or Latino	50,477,594	16.3 %
Total	308,745,538	100.0%
White American	223,553,265	72.4 %
Black American	38,929,319	12.6 %
Asian American	14,674,252	4.8 %
American Indian or Alaska Native	2,932,248	0.9 %
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	540,013	0.2 %
Some other race	19,107,368	6.2 %
Two or more races	9,009,073	2.9 %
Total	308,745,538	100.0%
Not Hispanic nor Latino	258,267,944	83.7 %
White Hispanic	26,735,713	8.7 %
Black Hispanic	1,243,471	0.4 %
American Indian or Alaska Native Hispanic	685,150	0.2 %
Asian Hispanic	209,128	0.1 %
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Hispanic	58,437	0.0 %
Some other race Hispanic	18,503,103	6.0 %
Two or more races Hispanic	3,042,592	1.0 %
Total	308,745,538	100.0%

Hispanic or Latino origin

CensusViewer US 2010 Census Latino Population as a heatmap by census tract.

The total population of Hispanic and Latino Americans comprised 50.5 million or 16.3% of the national total in 2010. The category of "Hispanic or Latino" is considered by the U.S. Census Bureau to be separate from racial categories, including all people who identify their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino.^[53] The U.S. Census Bureau defines Hispanic or Latino as "those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the Census 2000 or ACS questionnaire"—"Mexican", "Puerto Rican", or "Cuban"—as well as those who indicate that they are "other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino."^[54] Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Breakdown by state/territory

State or District	Population (2010)	Non-Hispanic White	Hispanic or Latino	Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	Mixed race
Alabama	4,822,023	67.0	3.9	26.2	0.6	1.1	0.1	1.5
Alaska	731,449	64.1	5.5	3.3	14.8	5.4	1.0	7.3
American Samoa	55,519	1.0	0	0	0	2.8	91.6	4.5
Arizona	6,553,255	57.8	29.6	4.1	4.6	2.8	0.2	3.4
Arkansas	2,949,131	74.5	6.4	15.4	0.8	1.2	0.2	2.0
California	38,041,430	40.1	37.6	6.2	1.0	13.0	0.4	4.9
Colorado	5,187,582	70.0	20.7	4.0	1.1	2.8	0.1	3.4
Connecticut	3,590,347	71.2	13.4	10.1	0.3	3.8	0.0	2.6
Delaware	917,092	65.3	8.2	21.4	0.5	3.2	0.0	2.7
District of Columbia	632,323	34.8	9.1	50.7	0.3	3.5	0.1	2.9
Florida	19,317,568	57.9	22.5	16.0	0.4	2.4	0.1	2.5
Georgia	9,919,945	55.9	8.8	30.5	0.3	3.2	0.1	2.1
Guam	159,358	6.9	0	0	0	32.6	37.1	12.1
Hawaii	1,392,313	22.7	8.9	1.6	0.3	38.6	10.0	23.6
Idaho	1,595,728	84.0	11.2	0.6	1.4	1.2	0.1	2.5
Illinois	12,875,255	63.7	15.8	14.5	0.3	4.6	0.0	2.3
Indiana	6,537,334	81.5	6.0	9.1	0.3	1.6	0.0	2.0
Iowa	3,074,186	88.7	5.0	2.9	0.4	1.7	0.1	1.8
Kansas	2,885,905	78.2	10.5	5.9	1.0	2.4	0.1	3.0
Kentucky	4,380,415	86.3	3.1	7.8	0.2	1.1	0.1	1.7
Louisiana	4,601,893	60.3	4.2	32.0	0.7	1.5	0.0	1.6
Maine	1,329,192	94.4	1.3	1.2	0.6	1.0	0.0	1.6
Maryland	5,884,563	54.7	8.2	29.4	0.4	5.5	0.1	2.9
Massachusetts	6,646,144	76.1	9.6	6.6	0.3	5.3	0.0	2.6
Michigan	9,883,360	76.6	4.4	14.2	0.6	2.4	0.0	2.3
Minnesota	5,379,139	83.1	4.7	5.2	1.1	4.0	0.0	2.4
Mississippi	2,984,926	58.0	2.7	37.0	0.5	0.9	0.0	1.1
Missouri	6,021,988	81.0	3.5	11.6	0.5	1.6	0.1	2.1
Montana	1,005,141	87.8	2.9	0.4	6.3	0.6	0.1	2.5
Nebraska	1,855,525	82.1	9.2	4.5	1.0	1.8	0.1	2.2
Nevada	2,758,931	54.1	26.5	8.1	1.2	7.2	0.6	4.7
New Hampshire	1,320,718	92.3	2.8	1.1	0.2	2.2	0.0	1.6
New Jersey	8,864,590	59.3	17.7	13.7	0.3	8.3	0.0	2.7
New Mexico	2,085,538	40.5	46.3	2.1	9.4	1.4	0.1	3.7
New York	19,570,261	58.3	17.6	15.9	0.6	7.3	0.0	3.0
North Carolina	9,656,401	65.3	8.4	21.5	1.3	2.2	0.1	2.2
North Dakota	699,628	88.9	2.0	1.2	5.4	1.0	0.0	1.8
Northern Mariana Islands	53,833	2.5	0	0	0	50.0	34.9	12.7
Ohio	11,544,225	81.1	3.1	12.2	0.2	1.7	0.0	2.1
Oklahoma	3,814,820	68.7	8.9	7.4	8.6	1.7	0.1	5.9
Oregon	3,899,353	78.5	11.7	1.8	1.4	3.7	0.3	3.8
Pennsylvania	12,763,536	79.5	5.7	10.8	0.2	2.7	0.0	1.9
Puerto Rico	3,548,397	0.7	99.0	12.4	0.5	0.2	0.0	3.3
Rhode Island	1,050,292	76.4	12.4	5.7	0.6	2.9	0.1	3.3
South Carolina	4,723,723	64.1	5.1	27.9	0.4	1.3	0.1	1.7
South Dakota	833,354	84.7	2.7	1.3	8.8	0.9	0.0	2.1
Tennessee	6,456,243	75.6	4.6	16.7	0.3	1.4	0.1	1.7
Texas	26,059,203	45.3	37.6	11.8	0.7	3.8	0.1	2.7
Utah	2,855,287	80.4	13.0	1.1	1.2	2.0	0.9	2.7
Vermont	626,011	94.3	1.5	1.0	0.4	1.3	0.0	1.7
Virginia	8,185,867	64.8	7.9	19.4	0.4	5.5	0.1	2.9
Virgin Islands	106,405	13.5	17.4	66.1	0	1.4	0	0
Washington	6,897,012	72.5	11.2	3.6	1.5	7.2	0.6	4.7
West Virginia	1,855,413	93.2	1.2	3.4	0.2	0.7	0.0	1.5
Wisconsin	5,726,386	83.3	5.9	6.3	1.0	2.3	0.0	1.8
Wyoming	576,412	85.9	8.9	0.8	2.4	0.8	0.1	2.2

All Data from 2010 U.S. Census Bureau^[55]

Other groups

There were 22.1 million veterans in 2009,^[56] meaning that less than 10% of Americans served in the Armed Forces.^[57]

In 2010, the Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country.^[58]

There were about 2 million people in prison in 2010.^[59]

The 2000 U.S. Census counted same-sex couples in an oblique way; asking the sex and the relationship to the "main householder", whose sex was also asked. One organization specializing in analyzing gay demographic data reported, based on this count in the 2000 census and in the 2000 supplementary survey, that same-sex couples comprised between 0.99% and 1.13% of U.S. couples in 2000.^[60] A 2006 report issued by The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation concluded that the number of same-sex couples in the U.S. grew from 2000 to 2005, from nearly 600,000 couples in 2000 to almost 777,000 in 2005. A 2006 UCLA study reported that 4.1% of Americans aged 18–45 identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.^[61]

A 2011 report by the Institute estimated that 4 million adults identify as gay or lesbian, representing 1.7% of the population over 18. A spokesperson said that, until recently, few studies have tried to eliminate people who had occasionally undertaken homosexual behavior or entertained homosexual thoughts, from people who identified as lesbian or gay.^[62] (Older estimates have varied depending on methodology and timing; see Demographics of sexual orientation for a list of studies.) The American Community Survey from the 2000 U.S. Census estimated 776,943 same-sex couple households in the country as a whole, representing about 0.5% of the population.^[61]

Projections

U.S. Census Population projections (2012)^[63]

	2015	2050
White Americans^1	77.4%	70.8%
Non-Hispanic Whites	61.8%	46.6%
Black Americans^1	13.2%	14.4%
Asian Americans^1	5.3%	7.7%
Multiracial Americans^1	2.6%	5.4%
Hispanics/Latinos (of any race)	17.8%	28.0%
^1 Including Hispanics

A report by the U.S. Census Bureau projects a decrease in the ratio of Whites between 2010 and 2050, from 79.5% to 74.0%.^[64] At the same time, Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2042, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. In 2050 they will compose 46.3% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.^[65]

The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 16% today to 30% by 2050, the Black percentage barely rising from 12.9% to 13.1%, and Asian Americans upping their 4.6% share to 7.8%. The United States had a population of 310 million people in October 2010, and is projected to reach 400 million by 2039 and 439 million in 2050.^{[20][66][67][68]} It is further projected that 82% of the increase in population from 2005 to 2050 will be due to immigrants and their children.^[69]

Of the nation's children in 2050, 62% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 44% today. Approximately 39% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 22% in 2008), and 38% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 56% in 2008).^[70]

In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau projected the future censuses as follows:^[20]

Year	Projection	Actual result
2010	310,232,863	308,745,538
2020	325,896,000
2030	350,471,000
2040	380,015,000
2050	389,803,000

Religion

Religious affiliations in 2004

Major religions by overall percentage (2007).

The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body.^[71] In 2004, the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.^[72]

In a Pew Research Survey performed in 2012, Americans without a religion (atheists, agnostics, nothing in particular, etc.) surpassed Evangelical Protestant Americans with almost 20% of Americans being nonreligious. If this current growth rate continues, by 2050, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion.^[73]

A survey conducted in 2014 by the same organization indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion rose to nearly 23% of the population, up from 16% in 2007.^[74]

Religious body	Year reported	Places of worship	Membership (thousands)	Clergy
African Methodist Episcopal Church	1999	no data	2,500	7,741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	2002	3,226	1,431	3,252
American Baptist Association	1998	1,760	275	1,740
Amish, Old Order	1993	898	227	3,592
American Baptist Churches USA	1998	3,800	1,507	4,145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America	1998	220	65	263
Armenian Apostolic Church	2010	153	1,000	200
Armenian Catholic Church	2010		36
Assemblies of God	2009	12,371	2,914	34,504
Baptist Bible Fellowship International	1997	4,500	1,200	no data
Baptist General Conference	1998	876	141	no data
Baptist Missionary Association of America	1999	1,334	235	1,525
Buddhism	2001	no data	1,082	no data
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The	1998	1,964	346	1,629
Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren)	1997	1,150	100	no data
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)	1997	3,818	879	3,419
Christian churches and churches of Christ	1998	5,579	1,072	5,525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The	1998	1,438	117	1,436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	1983	2,340	719	no data
Christian Reformed Church in North America	1998	733	199	655
Church of God in Christ	1991	15,300	5,500	28,988
Church of God of Prophecy	1997	1,908	77	2,000
Church of God (Anderson, IN)	1998	2,353	234	3,034
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)	1995	6,060	753	3,121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints	2014	14,018	6,466	38,259
Church of the Brethren	1997	1,095	141	827
Church of the Nazarene	1998	5,101	627	4,598
Churches of Christ	1999	15,000	1,500	14,500
Conservative Baptist Association of America	1998	1,200	200	no data
Community of Christ	1998	1,236	140	19,319
Coptic Orthodox Church	2003	200	1,000	200
Cumberland Presbyterian Church	1998	774	87	630
Episcopal Church	2013	6,736[75]	1,866[76]	8,131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The	1998	628	97	607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The	1995	1,224	243	1,936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America	2011	9,638[77]	4,050[77]	9,646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church	1998	187	61	262
Free Methodist Church of North America	1998	990	73	no data
Full Gospel Fellowship	1999	896	275	2,070
General Association of General Baptists	1997	790	72	1,085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches	1998	1,415	102	no data
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches	1996	368	82	590
Grace Gospel Fellowship	1992	128	60	160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America	1998	523	1,955	596
Hinduism	2001	no data	766	no data
Independent Fundamental Churches of America	1999	659	62	no data
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel	1998	1,851	238	4,900
International Council of Community Churches	1998	150	250	182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church	1998	1,716	177	1507
Islam	2011	no data	2,600	no data
Jainism	no data	no data	50	no data
Jehovah's Witnesses	2014	13,871	1,243	no data
Judaism	2006	3,727	6,588	no data
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The	1998	6,218	2,594	5,227
Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric	2010	19	50	no data
Mennonite Church USA	2005	943	114	no data
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches	1998	416	67	534
National Association of Free Will Baptists	1998	2,297	210	2,800
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.	1987	2,500	3,500	8,000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.	1992	33,000	8,200	32,832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America	1992	no data	2,500	no data
Orthodox Church in America	1998	625	1,000	700
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.	1998	1,750	1,500	4,500
Pentecostal Church of God	1998	1,237	104	no data
Pentecostal Church International, United	2008	28,351	4,037	22,881
Presbyterian Church in America	1997	1,340	280	1,642
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)	2013	10,038[76]	1,760[76]	9,390
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.	1995	2,000	2,500	no data
Reformed Church in America	1998	902	296	915
Religious Society of Friends	1994	1,200	104	no data
Roman Catholic Church	2002	19,484	66,404	50,017 (1997)[78]
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate	1996	37	65	37
Salvation Army, The	1998	1,388	471	2,920
Scientology	2005	1,300	55[79]	1
Serbian Orthodox Church	1986	68	67	60
Seventh-day Adventist Church	1998	4,405	840	2,454
Sikhism	1999	244	80	no data
Southern Baptist Convention	2012	46,034[80]	15,900[80]	71,520
Unitarian Universalism	2001	no data	629	no data
United Church of Christ	1998	6,017	1,421	4,317
United House of Prayer For All People	no data	100	25	no data
United Methodist Church, The	1998	36,170	8,400	no data
Wesleyan Church, The	1998	1,590	120	1,806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod	1997	1,240	411	1,222

• 
  Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001.
• 
  Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001.
• 
  Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.

Religions of American adults

The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.

Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.

Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008^[81]
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

Source:ARIS 2008^[81]

Group	1990 adults × 1,000	2001 adults × 1,000	2008 adults × 1,000	Numerical Change 1990– 2008 as % of 1990	1990 % of adults	2001 % of adults	2008 % of adults	change in % of total adults 1990– 2008
Adult population, total	175,440	207,983	228,182	30.1%
Adult population, Responded	171,409	196,683	216,367	26.2%	97.7%	94.6%	94.8%	–2.9%
Total Christian	151,225	159,514	173,402	14.7%	86.2%	76.7%	76.0%	–10.2%
Catholic	46,004	50,873	57,199	24.3%	26.2%	24.5%	25.1%	–1.2%
Non-Catholic Christian	105,221	108,641	116,203	10.4%	60.0%	52.2%	50.9%	–9.0%
Baptist	33,964	33,820	36,148	6.4%	19.4%	16.3%	15.8%	–3.5%
Mainline Protestant	32,784	35,788	29,375	–10.4%	18.7%	17.2%	12.9%	–5.8%
Methodist	14,174	14,039	11,366	–19.8%	8.1%	6.8%	5.0%	–3.1%
Lutheran	9,110	9,580	8,674	–4.8%	5.2%	4.6%	3.8%	–1.4%
Presbyterian	4,985	5,596	4,723	–5.3%	2.8%	2.7%	2.1%	–0.8%
Episcopalian/Anglican	3,043	3,451	2,405	–21.0%	1.7%	1.7%	1.1%	–0.7%
United Church of Christ	438	1,378	736	68.0%	0.2%	0.7%	0.3%	0.1%
Christian Generic	25,980	22,546	32,441	24.9%	14.8%	10.8%	14.2%	–0.6%
Jehovah's Witness	1,381	1,331	1,914	38.6%	0.8%	0.6%	0.8%	0.1%
Christian Unspecified	8,073	14,190	16,384	102.9%	4.6%	6.8%	7.2%	2.6%
Non-denominational Christian	194	2,489	8,032	4040.2%	0.1%	1.2%	3.5%	3.4%
Protestant - Unspecified	17,214	4,647	5,187	–69.9%	9.8%	2.2%	2.3%	–7.5%
Evangelical/Born Again	546	1,088	2,154	294.5%	0.3%	0.5%	0.9%	0.6%
Pentecostal/Charismatic	5,647	7,831	7,948	40.7%	3.2%	3.8%	3.5%	0.3%
Pentecostal - Unspecified	3,116	4,407	5,416	73.8%	1.8%	2.1%	2.4%	0.6%
Assemblies of God	617	1,105	810	31.3%	0.4%	0.5%	0.4%	0.0%
Church of God	590	943	663	12.4%	0.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.0%
Other Protestant Denomination	4,630	5,949	7,131	54.0%	2.6%	2.9%	3.1%	0.5%
Seventh-Day Adventist	668	724	938	40.4%	0.4%	0.3%	0.4%	0.0%
Churches of Christ	1,769	2,593	1,921	8.6%	1.0%	1.2%	0.8%	–0.2%
Mormon/Latter-Day Saints	2,487	2,697	3,158	27.0%	1.4%	1.3%	1.4%	0.0%
Total non-Christian religions	5,853	7,740	8,796	50.3%	3.3%	3.7%	3.9%	0.5%
Jewish	3,137	2,837	2,680	–14.6%	1.8%	1.4%	1.2%	–0.6%
Eastern Religions	687	2,020	1,961	185.4%	0.4%	1.0%	0.9%	0.5%
Buddhist	404	1,082	1,189	194.3%	0.2%	0.5%	0.5%	0.3%
Muslim	527	1,104	1,349	156.0%	0.3%	0.5%	0.6%	0.3%
New Religious Movements & Others	1,296	1,770	2,804	116.4%	0.7%	0.9%	1.2%	0.5%
None/ No religion, total	14,331	29,481	34,169	138.4%	8.2%	14.2%	15.0%	6.8%
Agnostic+Atheist	1,186	1,893	3,606	204.0%	0.7%	0.9%	1.6%	0.9%
Did Not Know/ Refused to reply	4,031	11,300	11,815	193.1%	2.3%	5.4%	5.2%	2.9%

Marriage

In 2010, the median age for marriage for men was 27; for women, 26.^[82]

Income

In 2006, the median household income in the United States was around $46,326. Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.

Median income levels

Households			Persons, age 25 or older with earnings			Household income by race or ethnicity
All households	Dual earner households	Per household member	Males	Females	Both sexes	Asian	Non-Hispanic White	Hispanic (of any race)	Black
$46,326	$67,348	$23,535	$39,403	$26,507	$32,140	$57,518	$48,977	$34,241	$30,134

Median personal income by educational attainment

Measure	Some High School	High school graduate	Some college	Associate's degree	Bachelor's degree or higher	Bachelor's degree	Master's degree	Professional degree	Doctorate degree
Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings	$20,321	$26,505	$31,054	$35,009	$49,303	$43,143	$52,390	$82,473	$70,853
Male, age 25+ w/ earnings	$24,192	$32,085	$39,150	$42,382	$60,493	$52,265	$67,123	$100,000	$78,324
Female, age 25+ w/ earnings	$15,073	$21,117	$25,185	$29,510	$40,483	$36,532	$45,730	$66,055	$54,666
Persons, age 25+, employed full-time	$25,039	$31,539	$37,135	$40,588	$56,078	$50,944	$61,273	$100,000	$79,401
Household	$22,718	$36,835	$45,854	$51,970	$73,446	$68,728	$78,541	$100,000	$96,830

Household income distribution

Bottom 10%	Bottom 20%	Bottom 25%	Middle 33%	Middle 20%	Top 25%	Top 20%	Top 5%	Top 1.5%	Top 1%
$0 to $10,500	$0 to $18,500	$0 to $22,500	$30,000 to $62,500	$35,000 to $55,000	$77,500 and up	$92,000 and up	$167,000 and up	$250,000 and up	$350,000 and up
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006; income statistics for the year 2005

Economic class

Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

Academic class models

Dennis Gilbert, 2002		William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005		Leonard Beeghley, 2004
Class	Typical characteristics	Class	Typical characteristics	Class	Typical characteristics
Capitalist class (1%)	Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common.	Upper class (1%)	Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy league education common.	The super-rich (0.9%)	Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.
Upper middle class^[1] (15%)	Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy.	Upper middle class^[1] (15%)	Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000.	The rich (5%)	Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.
				Middle class (plurality/ majority?; ca. 46%)	College-educated workers with considerably higher-than-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.
Lower middle class (30%)	Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white-collar.	Lower middle class (32%)	Semi-professionals and craftsmen with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.
Working class (30%)	Clerical and most blue-collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education.
		Working class (32%)	Clerical, pink- and blue-collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education.	Working class (ca. 40–45%)	Blue-collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.
Working poor (13%)	Service, low-rung clerical and some blue-collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty. Some high school education.
		Lower class (ca. 14–20%)	Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.
Underclass (12%)	Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers. Some high school education.			The poor (ca. 12%)	Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.
References: Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, ISBN 0534541100. (see also Gilbert Model); Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004). The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon. ^1 The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989). The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Collins.

Health

In 2010, the average man weighed 194.7 pounds (88.3 kg); the average woman 164.7 pounds (74.7 kg).^[83] The height of an American man was 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m)^[84] and woman 5 feet 3.8 inches (1.621 m)^[85] The average BMI is 27.3 for males (overweight) and 28.5 for females (overweight).^[86]

According to a Gallup poll in 2012, an estimated 26% of the population were obese,^[87] 21% smoked,^[88] and 11% had diabetes.^[89]

A nationwide study reported by the New York Times in 2010 indicated that 19.5% of teens, aged 12–19, had developed "slight" hearing loss. "Slight" was defined as an inability to hear at 16 to 24 decibels.^[90]

According to the Centers for Disease Control in 2011, an estimated 1.2 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in the United States.^[91]

Generational cohorts

A study by William Strauss and Neil Howe, in their books Generations and Fourth Turning, looked at generational similarities and differences going back to the 15th century and concluded that over 80-year spans, generations proceed through four stages of about 20 years each.

A definitive recent study of US generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"^[92] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some put 8 or 9) distinct cohorts became evident.

Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts (alive in 2000–10):

• G.I. Generation – born from approximately 1901 to 1924 (depression cohort who fought and won World War II).
• Silent Generation – born from approximately 1925 to 1942^[93] during the Great Depression and World War II.^[94] The label was originally applied to people in North America but has also been applied to those in Western Europe, Australasia and South America. It includes most of those who fought during the Korean War.
• Baby Boomers – commentators use birth dates ranging approximately from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s.
• Generation X – commentators use birth dates ranging approximately from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.^[95]
  • In the U.S., some called Generation Xers the "baby bust" generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.^[96] The drop in fertility rates in America began in the late 1950s. But according to authors and demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe (who use 1961 to 1981 for Gen X birth years), there are approximately 88.5 million Gen Xers in the U.S. today.^[97][98]
• The Millennials also known as Generation Y – commentators use birth dates ranging approximately from the early 1980s to around 2000.^[99][100]
• Generation Z – also known as the Homeland Generation or "digital natives" are the cohort of people born after the Millennials. The generation is most commonly defined with birth years starting in the mid-1990s,.^{[99][101][102][103][104]} although the early^[105] or late 1990s^[106][107] and early 2000s^[108] have also been used as starting birth years for this generation.

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

Birth rate has dropped since 1957.

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The Baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.

From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to pre-WWII levels, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.^[109]

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.^[110]

A population pyramid that shows the age of the population by sex in 2010.

Population of the USA by age and sex (demographic pyramid) as on 01 July, 2015.

Ages

Median ages are 37.3 years; males are 36.1 years; females are 38.5 years estimated as of 2012.

As of 2012, people are distributed by age as follows:

• 0–14 years: 19.8% (male 31,639,127/female 30,305,704)
• 15–64 years: 66.8% (male 101,612,000/female 104,577,000)
• 65 years and over: 13.4% (male 18,332,000/female 23,174,000) (2012 est.)

Birth, growth, and death rates

The growth rate is 0.760% as estimated from 2014-2010 by the US Census

Live Births in the United States, 1934–2004.

The birth rate is 12.5 births/1,000 population, estimated as of 2013. This was the lowest since records began. There were 3,957,577 births in 2013.^[111]

13.9 births/1,000 population/year (Provisional Data for 2008)

14.3 births/1,000 population/year (Provisional Data for 2007)^[112]

In 2009, Time magazine reported that 40% of births were to unmarried women.^[113] The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics, 66% Native Americans, and 72% African American.^[114]

The drop in the birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with the Late-2000s recession.^[115]

A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that more than half (51 percent) of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.^[116]

Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.^[117] Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007.^[118] This drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011.^[119] Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions.^[120] This connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s.^[121] Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at the lowest level in U.S. history.^[122] In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007.^[122] The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009.^[122] Despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates are still higher than in other developed nations.^[122] Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well. The American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.^[123]

Death rate

As of July 2010, it was estimated that there were 8.18 deaths/1,000 population.^[124]

Immigration and emigration

13% of the population was foreign-born in 2009 a rise of 350% since 1970 when foreign-born people accounted for 3.7% of the population,^[125] including 11.2 million illegal aliens,^[126] 80% of whom come from Latin America.^[127] Latin America is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for over half (53%) of all foreign born population in US,^[128] and thus is also the largest source of both legal and illegal immigration to US.^[129] In 2011, there are 18.1 million naturalized citizens in USA, accounting for 45% of the foreign-born population (40.4 million) and 6% of the total US population at the time,^[130] and around 680,000 legal immigrants are naturalized annually.^[131]

4.32 people migrate per 1,000 population, estimated in 2010.

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents, Top Five Sending Countries, 2011^[132]

Country	2011
Mexico	143,446
China	87,016
India	69,013
Philippines	57,011
Dominican Rep.	46,019

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by Region, 2011^[132]

Region	2011
Asia	451,593
Americas	419,996
Africa	100,336
Europe	83,635
All immigrants	1,062,040

Sex ratios

at birth: 1.048 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.22 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 78.11 years

male: 75.65 years

female: 80.69 years (2010 est.)

US unemployment by state in December 2015 (official, or U3 rate).^[133]

<3.0%   <3.5%   <4.0%

<4.5%   <5.0%   <5.5%

<6.0%   <6.5%   ≥6.5%

Total fertility rate

1.84 children born/woman (2015).

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Vital Statistics System.

Unemployment rate

As of July 2016, the U.S. unemployment rate was 4.9 percent (U3 Rate).^[134]

As of July 2015, the U.S. unemployment rate was 5.3 percent (U3 Rate).^[135]

As of July 2014, the U.S. unemployment rate was 6.2 percent (U3 Rate).^[134]

As of February 2014, the U6 unemployment rate is 14.9 percent.^[136] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U-3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U-3 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.^[137]

Mobility

In 2013, about 15% of Americans moved. Most of these, 67%, moved within the same county. Of the 33% who moved beyond local county boundaries, 13% of those moved more than 200 miles (320 km).^[138]

See also

• Outline of the United States
• Index of United States articles
• Book:United States
• Maps of American ancestries
• Languages of the United States
• Immigration to the United States
• Emigration from the United States
• Places in the United States with notable demographic characteristics
• Demographic history of the United States
• Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
• Race and ethnicity in the United States
• Urbanization in the United States
• Historical Statistics of the United States
• Hispanic and Latino Americans

Lists:

• Lists of U.S. cities with non-white majority populations
• List of metropolitan areas in the Americas
• List of U.S. states and territories by population

Income:

• Household income in the United States
• Personal income in the United States
• Affluence in the United States
• Highest-income places in the United States
• Lowest-income counties in the United States

Population:

• United States
• Demographics of the United States
  • United States Census Bureau
    • List of U.S. states and territories by population
    • List of metropolitan areas of the United States
    • List of United States cities by population
    • List of United States counties and county-equivalents
  • United States Office of Management and Budget
    • The OMB has defined 1098 ical areas comprising 388 MSAs, 541 μSAs, and 169 CSAs
      • Primary statistical area – List of the 574 PSAs
        • Combined Statistical Area – List of the 169 CSAs
        • Core Based Statistical Area – List of the 929 CBSAs
          • Metropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 388 MSAs
          • Micropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 541 μSAs
• United States urban area – List of United States urban areas

Notes

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External links

• United States Census Bureau
• Quick demographics lookup
• New York Times: "Mapping the 2010 U.S. Census"
• 2000 Census of Population and Housing United States, U.S. Census Bureau
• U.S. Demographics and State Rankings
• Asian-Nation: Demographics of Asian American /2006-07-04-us-population_x.htm?csp=34 Countdown to 300 million
• Census Ancestry Map
• USA Today 2004 Election County by County Map
• BeliefNet State by State Religious Affiliation at the Wayback Machine (archived April 21, 2008) (archived from the original on 2008-04-21)
• Health by State
• U.S. Demographics and Maps
• America's Changing Demographics a Nightly Business Report special
• The Realignment of America - The Wall Street Journal
• Religion U.S. Census Bureau
• Google - public data "Population in the U.S.A."
• Population projection charts Population projections USA till 2100 by United Nations