Denel Dynamics Seeker

Denel Dynamics Seeker
A Seeker 400 drone flies over Cape Town Stadium
Role Remote piloted aircraft, UAV/UAS
Manufacturer Denel Dynamics
Introduction 1986 (South African Air Force)
Retired 1994 (South African Air Force)
Status Retired in South African Air Force, In service with other organizations.
Primary users Denel Dynamics on behalf of the South African Air Force, South African National Parks (leased by Denel Dynamics)
Algerian Air Force, United Arab Emirates Air Force



The Denel Dynamics Seeker is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufactured in South Africa by Denel Dynamics (formerly Kentron). The system is designed to perform tactical reconnaissance in real-time and can conduct day and night surveillance in all threat environments.

History

The insignia of 10 Squadron SAAF depicting the UAV, which it used in the waning days of the South African Border War

The Seeker UAV first saw active service with the South African Air Force (SAAF) and equipped 10 Squadron SAAF which was based at Air Force Base Potchefstroom. It first saw use during Operations Modular, Hooper and Packer in Angola during 1987/1988 and was used in order to provide reconnaissance and artillery weapons delivery guidance for the South African Defence Force during the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale, the last battle of the South African Border War. The UAVs also conducted several surveillance operations to gather intelligence on enemy locations, movements, their force strength and most importantly intelligence on the location of static and mobile surface-to-air missile systems. This information was then dissected by the SAAF intelligence community to plan air-strikes, interception routes as well as mission briefings to keep friendly aircraft out of harms way.[1]

Hostile Angolan (FAPLA) forces as well as their Cuban allies were forced to fire their expensive 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) in an attempt to down these small drones. This also indirectly resulted in depleting the enemy's SAM supplies which led to less risky operations by other combat aircraft in the SAAF. During one reported occasion about 17 SA-8 SAMs were fired at a single UAV, eventually downing it. During the span of the deployment only three UAVs were lost.[1]

The short lived squadron ceased UAV operations in November 1990 after the cessation of hostilities and was disbanded on 31 March 1991 and the Seeker UAV was withdrawn from SAAF service. The Seeker system was operated by Kentron (renamed in 1991 to Denel Dynamics) thereafter for operational control and deployment on behalf of the South African Defence Force and its successor the South African National Defence Force (after 1994). Two models were utilized, the Seeker-P model that was used for training purposes and the Seeker-D which was deployed operationally.[2][3]

Over the next five years the UAV remained in service via Denel Dynamics and supported the South African National Defence Force during internal security operations in South Africa such as to monitor the country's first fully democratic elections in 1994.[4] It was also mainly flown in support of the South African Police Service (SAPS) as well as the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (in particular the Marine and Coastal Management branch). These deployments would usually last about two weeks in the operational vicinities of crime "hotspots" to assist the SAPS (usually in the Gauteng area). The system also patrolled areas in the Western Cape usually in support of the SAPS and the Marine and Coastal Management branch.[1]

Variants

Seeker 1

This variant was the variant used during the South African Border War. It usually carried one of two mission payloads:

Seeker 2

The current baseline standard of the Seeker system in operation with Denel Dynamics and offered for export. It uses an open-architecture Ground Control Station (GCS) and employs colour displays, computerised workstations and electronic maps. A smaller Tactical Ground Control station is a new addition to the system and can be utilised to perform the same function as the GCS and it can interface with radio and satellite networks.

The UAV can operate 250 km from the control station at altitudes of up to 20,000 feet (6,100 m) and employs an array of various day and night time sensors and electronic surveillance payloads. The UAV also features digital avionics and several autonomous flight modes.[5]

In recent years this system has undergone further upgrades and is designated as the Seeker 2+. Communication links are now standard and of a modular design. One mission control unit can now operate four to six UAV's simultaneously. These models feature an all-composite, low-drag airframe in order to ensure optimal performance in the operational area. The UAV can operate for up to 10 hours up to a service ceiling of 18,000 feet (5,500 m) with a full payload of 40 kg of equipment. On-board directional antennas also provide high jamming resistance and allows real time communication. A Tracking and Communications Unit (TCU) can now be utilised to enable optimum line-of-sight communication with the UAV. Sensor packages include:

Seeker 400

The newest Seeker variant under development at Denel Dynamics offers enhanced situational awareness capabilities and other improvements over the Seeker 2. It can provide real-time day and night reconnaissance; target location, surveillance and designation; Artillery fire support; Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) and Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and conduct Border and Maritime patrol missions. New additions include the capability of carrying weapons such as the laser guided missile with a missile stand-off range of 10 km. It can also operate up to 16 hours with a maximum of 100 kg of multi-mission payloads. It also features dual uplinks and downlinks, Brake assisted ground operation, piloted and autonomous flight capability, VHF and UHF FM tactical radios and Mode S Transponder and VHF AM Air Traffic Control (ATC) radio for ATC interfacing. The mission control units remain relatively the same as the Seeker 2's with modular hardware and software.

The system includes the capability of carrying dual imaging payloads with the images being transmitted to the ground control station via the dual video downlinks. Electro-optical sensor payloads with diameters of up to 530 mm can be integrate for use. This typically includes the following sensor combinations on a gimbal:

Current use

During the 2010 African Aerospace and Defence Exhibition the manufacturer unveiled a new light air to ground missile, the Denel Dynamics Impi that is being developed to arm the Seeker 400, the current production version. A mockup of the missile was displayed fitted to an example of the UAV.[6]

Since December 2012, Denel Dynamics has a Seeker II UAV deployed against rhinoceros poachers in Kruger National Park. The UAV operates at night-time with its thermal and other specialist equipment supplying real-time imagery to assist patrols on the ground (daytime surveillance is conducted with SANParks fixed and rotary-winged aircraft supported by SA Air Force helicopters and a Aérospatiale Gazelle owned by the Paramount Group).[7]

Users

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Wingrin, Dean. "Seeker 1". saairforce.co.za. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  2. ↑ Major Michael F. Morris (27 January 2003). "Fighting Columns In Small Wars: An OMFTS Model" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. p. 41. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  3. ↑ "The South African Air Force". Saairforce.co.za. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
  4. ↑ "Flying unpiloted in the conflict zone and into civilian territory" (PDF). Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. p. 29. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  5. ↑ "South Africa: Vulture and Bateleur programmes build on rich UAV tradition". UAV Systems - The Global Perspective 2005 (PDF). uvs-info.com. pp. 124–126.
  6. ↑ Leon Engelbrecht (2010-09-24). "Denel unveils armed Seeker, Impi missile". DefenceWeb. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
  7. ↑ Shaun Smillie (2012-12-13). "Rhino Alive drive hopes to curb poaching - The Star". IOL.co.za. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
  8. 1 2 3 "SIPRI Arms Transfers Database". SIPRI. Retrieved 3 May 2014.

External links

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