Vektor R4

R4 assault rifle
Vektor R4 at the South African National Museum of Military History
Type	Assault rifle
Place of origin	South Africa
Service history
In service	1980–present[1][2]
Used by	See Users
Wars	South African Border War Rwandan Civil War Central African Republic conflict (2012–13)
Production history
Designer	Yisrael Galili of Israel Military Industries[2][Notes 1]
Designed	Late 1960s to early 1970s[2]
Manufacturer	Lyttleton Engineering Works, now Denel Land Systems
Number built	420,000[3]
Variants	R5, R6, LM4, LM5, LM6
Specifications
Weight	R4: 4.3 kg (9.48 lb) R5: 3.7 kg (8.2 lb) R6: 3.6 kg (7.9 lb)
Length	R4: 1,005 mm (39.6 in) stock extended / 740 mm (29.1 in) stock folded R5: 877 mm (34.5 in) stock extended / 615 mm (24.2 in) stock folded R6: 805 mm (31.7 in) stock extended / 565 mm (22.2 in) stock folded
Barrel length	R4: 460 mm (18.1 in) R5: 332 mm (13.1 in) R6: 280 mm (11.0 in)
Cartridge	5.56×45mm NATO
Action	Gas-operated, closed bolt
Rate of fire	R4, R5: 600–750 rounds/min R6: 585 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity	R4: 980 m/s (3,215 ft/s) R5: 920 m/s (3,018.4 ft/s) R6: 825 m/s (2,706.7 ft/s)
Effective firing range	300–500 m sight adjustments
Feed system	35-round detachable box magazine
Sights	Flip rear aperture and hooded forward post are standard but various optical sights can be mounted.

The R4 is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle that was introduced into service with the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1980,^[1] replacing the earlier 7.62×51mm FN FAL rifle, that was manufactured in South Africa under a licence agreement from Fabrique Nationale as the R1. The R4 is produced by Denel Land Systems (DLS), formerly Lyttleton Engineering Works (LIW, "Lyttleton Ingenieurswerke").

The weapon is a licensed variant of the Israeli Galil ARM assault rifle^[4][5] with several modifications; notably, both the stock and magazine are now made of a high-strength polymer and the stock was lengthened, adapting the weapon for the average South African soldier.^[4]

Design details

Operating mechanism

The R4 is a selective fire, gas-operated weapon that fires from a closed bolt. As with the Galil parent weapon, the operating system is derived from that of the AK-47. It uses ignited powder gases channeled through a vent in the barrel to drive a long stroke piston located above the barrel in a gas cylinder to provide power to the operating system. The weapon features a self-regulating gas system and a rotary bolt breech locking mechanism (equipped with two locking lugs), which is rotated by a helical camming groove machined into the bolt carrier that engages a control pin on the bolt. Extraction is carried out by means of a spring-loaded extractor contained in the bolt and a protrusion on the left guide rail inside the receiver acts as the fixed ejector.

Features

The R4 is hammer-fired and uses a trigger mechanism with a 3-position fire selector and safety switch. The stamped sheet steel selector bar is present on both sides of the receiver and its positions are marked with letters: "S"— indicating the weapon is safe, "R"—single-fire mode ("R" is an abbreviation for "repetition"), and "A"—fully automatic fire. The "safe" setting disables the trigger and secures the weapon from being charged.

The R4 is fed from a synthetic box magazine with a 35-round cartridge capacity (designed to use the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge with the M193 projectile) loaded in a staggered configuration. During the 1980s South African troops were issued with one 50-round magazine as well. The flash suppressor is slotted and doubles as an adapter for launching rifle grenades. Bolted to a bracket in the gas block, under the barrel, is a lightweight folding bipod (folds into the handguard), which includes a wire cutter in the hinge.^[4]

The R4 has a side-folding tubular stock, which folds to the right side of the receiver. The rifle's handguard, pistol grip, magazine, stock arms and shoulder pad are all made from a synthetic material, making it lighter in weight than the equivalent original Galil model which uses heavier metal and wood in these components.

For regular field maintenance and cleaning, the firearm is disassembled into the following components: the receiver and barrel group, bolt carrier, bolt, return mechanism, gas tube, receiver dust cover and magazine.

Sights

The rifle has conventional iron sights that consist of a front post and a flip-up rear sight with 300 and 500 m apertures. The front sight is adjustable for windage and elevation and is installed in a durable circular shroud. The rear sight is welded at the end of the receiver's dust cover. For nighttime use, the R4 is equipped with self-luminous tritium light dots (exposed after placing the rear sight in an intermediate position) installed in a pivoting bar to the front sight base, which folds up in front of the standard post and aligns with two dots in the rear sight notch.

Accessories

The R4 is issued with spare magazines, a cleaning kit and sling.

Upgrade

DLS has introduced remanufactured models of the R4, R5, R6 that have Picatinny rails. DLS has also introduced grenade launchers, grips and other underbarrel attachments.^[6]

Variants

The LM5, a semi-automatic version of the R5 carbine

The South African Navy, South African Air Force, South African Military Health Service, and South African Police Service adopted a short carbine version of the 5.56 mm Galil SAR, which was license-manufactured as the R5. The R5, when compared to the larger R4, has a barrel that is 130 millimeters (5.1 in) shorter, together with a shorter gas system and handguard. It also lacks a bipod, and the flash hider does not support rifle grenades.

In the 1990s, an even more compact personal defence weapon variant of the R5 was developed for armored vehicle crews, designated the R6, which has a further reduced barrel and a shortened gas cylinder and piston assembly.

LIW/DLS also introduced a line of semi-automatic variants of the R4, R5 and R6 called the LM4, LM5 and LM6 respectively, built for civilian and law enforcement users.

Vektor Rifle	Specifications
Model	Overall Length	Barrel Length	Weight	ROF
R4 Rifle	1,005 mm (39.6 in) stock extended 740 mm (29.1 in) stock folded	460 mm (18.1 in)	4.3 kg (9.48 lb)	650-700 rpm
R5 Carbine	877 mm (34.5 in) stock extended 615 mm (24.2 in) stock folded	332 mm (13.1 in)	3.7 kg (8.2 lb)	650-700 rpm
R6 PDW	805 mm (31.7 in) stock extended 565 mm (22.2 in) stock folded	280 mm (11.0 in)	3.6 kg (7.9 lb)	585 rpm

Users

•  Rwanda - Imported for use in the Rwandan National Army as of 1992.^[7][8]
•  Serbia - Used by the Special Brigade.^[9]
•  South Africa - Standard issue rifle of the South African National Defence Force. The compact R5 carbine is popular among police and special response units.^[10]

See also

• Vektor CR-21
• RK 62
• Zastava M21
• List of assault rifles
• Israel–South Africa Agreement

Footnotes

1. Minor adaptions were made to the original Israeli Galil design by Lyttleton Engineering Works

References

1. Dr. David Westwood (2005). Rifles: an illustrated history of their impact. ABC-CLIO. p. 392. ISBN 1-85109-401-6.
2. Jonh Walter (2006). Rifles of the World. Krause Publications. pp. 139–141. ISBN 0-89689-241-7.
3. Engelbrect, Leon (24 Sep 2010). "Denel Showcases a 21st Century R4 Assault Rifle at AAD". Defence Web. Retrieved 21 Jul 2012.
4. Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej - tom 4 R-Z. Bellona. 2002. pp9–10.
5. John Walter (2006). Rifles Of The World. Krause Publications. p. 141. ISBN 0-89689-241-7. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
6. "Denel showcases a 21st Century R4 assault rifle at AAD". DefenceWeb. 2010-09-24. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
7. "Rifle R4 - Assault Rifle / Carbine - History, Specs and Pictures - Military, Security and Civilian Guns and Equipment". Militaryfactory.com. 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
8. Media Briefing: Bullets from Greece, China, Russia and United States found in rebel hands in Democratic Republic of Congo
9. "LiČna Karta". Scribd.com. 2010-03-13. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
10. "R4 R5 Assault Rifles". Army.mil.za. 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2012-07-21.

External links

Bibliography

• Woźniak, Ryszard (2002). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej - tom 4 R-Z (in Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. pp. 9–10. ISBN 83-11-09312-1.