Diphilus

Diphilus (Greek: Δίφιλος), of Sinope, was a poet of the new Attic comedy and contemporary of Menander (342-291 BC). Most of his plays were written and acted at Athens, but he led a wandering life, and died at Smyrna.

He was on intimate terms with the famous courtesan Gnathaena (Athenaeus xiii. pp. 579, 583). He is said to have written 100 comedies; of these plays, only the titles and associated fragments of fifty-four of them are preserved. He sometimes acted himself. To judge from the imitations of Plautus (Casina from the Κληρούμενοι, Asinaria from the Ὀναγός, Rudens from some other play), he was very skilful in the construction of his plots. Terence also tells us that he introduced into the Adelphi (ii. I) a scene from the Συναποθνήσκοντες, which had been omitted by Plautus in his adaptation (Commorientes) of the same play.^[1]

According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

The style of Diphilus was simple and natural, and his language on the whole good Attic; he paid great attention to versification, and was supposed to have invented a peculiar kind of metre. The ancients were undecided whether to class him among the writers of the New or Middle comedy. In his fondness for mythological subjects (Hercules, Theseus) and his introduction on the stage (by a bold anachronism) of the poets Archilochus and Hipponax as rivals of Sappho, he approximates to the spirit of the latter.^[1]

Surviving Titles and Fragments

• Adelphoi ("Brothers")
• Agnoia ("Ignorance," possibly written by Calliades)
• Airesiteiches
• Aleiptria ("The Female Oiler," or "Masseuse")
• Amastris ("Amastris"), or Athenaeus
• Anagyros
• Anasozomenoi ("The Rescued Men")
• Aplestos ("Insatiable")
• Apobates ("The Trick-Rider")
• Apolipousa ("The Woman Who Leaves")
• Balaneion ("The Bath-house")
• Boiotios ("The Man From Boeotia")
• Chrysochoos ("The Goldsmith")
• Gamos ("Marriage")
• Danaides ("The Daughters of Danaus")
• Diamartanousa ("The Woman Who Is Failing Utterly")
• Elaion ("The Olive-Grove") or Phrourountes ("Watchers")
• Emporos ("The Merchant")
• Enagizontes
• Enkalountes ("Accusers")
• Epidikazomenos ("The Claimant")
• Epikleros ("The Heiress")
• Epitrope, or Epitropeus
• Hecate ("Hecate")
• Helenephorountes
• Helleborizomenoi ("People Taking Hellebore")
• Herakles ("Hercules")
• Heros ("The Hero")
• Kitharodos ("The Citharode")
• Kleroumenoi ("Those Casting Lots")
• Lemniai ("Women from Lemnos")
• Mainomenos ("Madman")
• Mnemation ("Little Tomb")
• Onagros ("Wild Donkey")
• Paiderastai ("The Pederasts")
• Pallake ("The Concubine")
• Parasitos ("The Parasite")
• Peliades ("Daughters of Pelias")
• Philadelphos ("The Brother-Loving Man")
• Phrear ("The Well")
• Pithraustes (possibly Tithraustes)
• Plinthophoros ("The Brick-Carrier")
• Polypragmon ("The Busybody")
• Pyrrha
• Sappho ("Sappho")
• Sikelikos ("The Sicilian Man," possibly belongs to Philemon)
• Schedia ("The Raft")
• Synapothneskontes ("Men Dying Together")
• Syntrophroi
• Synoris
• Telesias
• Thesaurus ("The Treasure")
• Theseus
• Zographos ("The Painter")

Fragments in R. Kassel-C. Austin, "Poetae Comici Graeci" (PCG) vol. 5 (previously in T. Kock, Comicorum Atticorum fragmenta ii; see J. Denis, La Comédie grecque (1886), ii. p. 414; R.W. Bond in "Classical Review" 24(1) (February 1910) with trans. of Emporos fragm.).^[2]

References

1.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Diphilus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 290.
2. Chisholm 1911.

• William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870), v. 1, p. 1055.