East Point Military Reservation

East Point Military Reservation
Part of Harbor Defenses of Boston
Nahant, Massachusetts

Battery Davis at Fort Funston in San Francisco, similar to Battery Murphy at East Point.
East Point Military Reservation
Location in Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°25′11.98″N 70°54′35.85″W / 42.4199944°N 70.9099583°W / 42.4199944; -70.9099583
Type Coastal Defense
Site information
Owner Massachusetts
Controlled by United States Army
Site history
Built 1917
Built by United States Army
In use 1917–62
Battles/wars World War I
World War II
Cold War
Garrison information
Garrison Nahant, Massachusetts

East Point Military Reservation was a World War I and World War II coastal defense site located in Nahant, Massachusetts. In 1955–62 it was a Nike missile launch site.[1] As of 2016 most of the site is the Marine Science Center of Northeastern University.[2]

History

The East Point Military Reservation was originally acquired by the US Army from the Lodge family in 1917. It originally consisted of a searchlight and an observation post.[1] The site was planned to be named Fort Henry Cabot Lodge for the prominent senator on whose land part of the facility was built, but this was never acted upon.

The site today

The site today consists of towers, the foundations of buildings, and bunkers formerly for guns and ammunition.

East Point Batteries

A 1945 map of the East Point gun batteries.

The East Point Batteries, located in Nahant, Massachusetts, were part of the Harbor Defenses of Boston during World War II. Three separate gun batteries were built: Battery Murphy (two 16-inch guns), Battery 206 (two 6-inch guns), and a temporary 2-gun battery of 155 mm artillery.[1][3] Along with these guns were three related fire control towers: two on Swallow Cave Rd. and one on Nahant Rd., plus a large underground plotting room behind Battery Murphy that served that battery's two big guns. Also, the northern series of Navy-operated magnetic loop cables, emplaced to detect enemy vessels (particularly U-boats) approaching Boston Harbor, terminated on the shore just southeast of the two 155mm gun positions. All of these facilities were located in the area called East Point, at the extreme southeast end of the Nahant tombolo, as shown in the map at left. After 1943, these guns, together with the two 12-inch guns of Battery Gardner at Fort Ruckman, made Nahant the most heavily armed portion of Boston's coast defenses.

The Guns

Battery Murphy was one of a series of 16-inch gun emplacements that were installed near U.S. harbors before and during World War II. Construction on this battery commenced on 23 January 1942 and was completed just under two years later, on 18 December 1943. The guns were 16-inch Navy MkIIMI guns on M4 barbette carriages with a range of 45,150 yards (41,290 m).[4] The guns were housed in casemates, part of a large bunker for magazines and fire control equipment.[1]

Battery 206 was a 6-inch gun battery of a type designed to complement the World War II 16-inch batteries. The battery was built in 1942–43, concurrently with Battery Murphy. It consisted of two 6-inch M1903 guns on long-range shielded barbette carriages, with a range of 27,100 yards (24,800 m).[5] A large bunker between the guns housed magazines and fire control equipment.[1]

The battery of two 155mm guns was made up of 155 mm M1918 towed guns emplaced on so-called "Panama mounts", 10-foot diameter concrete pads surrounded by circular steel rails 40 feet in diameter that carried the trails of the guns.[1]

The platform for 155mm Gun 1 as it looked in 2010.
A 155mm gun like those at Nahant being emplaced.

This battery was a stopgap measure, put in place quickly between March and May 1942, as an emergency defense against enemy ships and submarines while the batteries of larger guns and their related fire control towers were being built.[6] From the extreme southeast end of East Point, these guns, with their 12-mile maximum range, could command the entire ocean front of Boston Harbor and could reach all the way south to Hingham, MA.

The guns, which could be fired rapidly, were mounted roughly 250 feet apart, and a small, wooden Battery Commander's station, containing a depression position finder and a coincidence range finder was built between them. (See the image gallery below for plans and dimensions of this battery.) This 155mm gun battery is believed to have been the only one of its type in the Boston Harbor defenses, and the surviving platform of Gun 1 is thought to be relatively rare in New England.

Fire Control Structures

The twin fire control towers on Swallow Cave Road.

In addition to having one of the largest concentrations of Coast Artillery in New England, East Point featured the largest concentration of fire control towers, used to direct and correct the fire of these guns.

Postwar use

In 1948 the guns were removed and the site ceased to be a coast defense installation. In 1952–56 a four-gun 90 mm anti-aircraft battery was at the site. In 1955–62 the site was Nike missile site B-17L or B-17C. Northeastern University acquired the property in 1967.[1][7]

Gallery of Additional Images

6-inch gun at Fort Columbia State Park, Washington state, similar to Battery 206.
1942 plans relating to the 155mm guns.
The view south from the fire control tower on Nahant Road.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 East Point Military Reservation at FortWiki.com
  2. ↑ Northeastern University Marine Science Center official website
  3. ↑ Berhow, pp. 205-206
  4. ↑ Berhow, p. 61
  5. ↑ Berhow, p. 61
  6. ↑ This gun had been a stalwart of World War I as the Canon de 155 mm Grande Puissance Filloux , designed for the French Army, but also used and manufactured by the United States for use with the U.S. Army and Marine Corps under the designations of M1917 (French-built) and M1918 (US-built). With the American forces, some were mounted on M12 Gun Motor Carriages and were the standard heavy artillery guns until 1942 when the 155 mm M1A1 "Long Tom" field guns replaced them. See the World War II Database.
  7. ↑ Harbor Defenses of Boston at NorthAmericanForts.com

See also

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/14/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.