Emblem of Iran

Not to be confused with Khanda (Sikh symbol).
Emblem of Iran
Details
Armiger Islamic Republic of Iran
Adopted 9 May 1980
Escutcheon Name of Allah

The Emblem of Iran (Persian: نشان رسمی ایران‎‎, neshān-e rasmi-ye Irān) since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features the Arabic word Allah ("God"), rendered in stylized characters from the Persian alphabet.

The logo consists of four crescents and a sword. The four crescents are meant to stand for the word Allah. The five parts of the emblem symbolize the Principles of the Religion. Above the sword is a shadda: in Arabic script, this is used to double a letter. The shape of the emblem is chosen to resemble a tulip, in memory of the people who died for Iran: it is an ancient belief in Iran, dating back to mythology, that if a young soldier dies patriotically a red tulip will grow on his grave. In recent years it has been considered the symbol of martyrdom.

The logo was designed by Hamid Nadimi, and was officially approved by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini on 9 May 1980.

The logo is encoded in Unicode, in the Miscellaneous Symbols range, at codepoint U+262B (☫) under the name "FARSI SYMBOL".[1]

Symbols used in ancient Persia

Achaemenid Empire

Standard of Cyrus the Great
Reconstruction of the Achaemenid "falcon standard" (varəγna)

During the Achaemenid Empire, especially at the time of Cyrus the Great, the Imperial Standard was made of up of a kinglike image, Square in shape, split into four equivalent triangles. Each two of these four train triangles had the same colour. In the excavations at Persepolis, archaeologists have found a standard, depicting Shahbaz with open wings.

Faravahar

Main article: Faravahar
Faravahar

The Faravahar is one of the best-known symbols of Zoroastrianism. This religious-cultural symbol was adopted by the Pahlavi dynasty to represent the Iranian nation, and after the Iranian revolution it has remained in use in contemporary Iranian nationalism.[2][3]

The winged disc has a long history in the art and culture of the ancient Near and Middle East. Historically, the symbol is influenced by the "winged sun" hieroglyph appearing on Bronze Age royal seals (Luwian SOL SUUS, symbolizing royal power in particular). In Neo-Assyrian times, a human bust is added to the disk, the "feather-robed archer" interpreted as symbolizing Ashur. It was only during the reign of Darius I and thereafter, that the symbol was combined with a human form above the wings, perhaps representing Darius himself.

Early Modern Iran (16th to 20th centuries)


The Lion and Sun motif is one of the better known emblems of Iran, and between 1576 and 1979 was an element in Iran's national flag.[4]

The motif, which combines "ancient Iranian, Arab, Turkish, and Mongol traditions", became a popular symbol in Iran in the 12th century.[5] The lion and sun symbol is based largely on astronomical and astrological configurations; the ancient zodiacal sign of the sun in the house of Leo,[5][6] which itself is traced backed to Babylonian astrology and Near Eastern traditions.[6][7]

Emblem of Persia (1423–1907)
Coat of arms of Persia (1907–1925)

The motif has many historical meanings. First, it was an astrological and zodiacal symbol. Under Safvis and first Qajar kings, it received a specifically Shi'ite interpretation.[5] In Safavid era the lion and sun stood for two pillars of the society, state and religion. It became a national emblem during the Qajar era. In the 19th century, European visitors at the Qajar court attributed the lion and sun to remote antiquity and since then it got a nationalistic interpretation.[5]

During the reign of Fat'h Ali Shah and his successors the motif was substantially changed. These changes were on the form of the lion, the sun. A crown was also placed on the top the symbol to represent the monarchy.

Since the reign of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar, the Islamic component of the ruler de-emphasized. This shifting affects the symbolism of the emblem. Since this time until the 1979 revolution the meaning of the symbol elements changed many times. The lion could be the metaphor for Ali, heroes of Iran who are ready to protect the country against enemies, and finally its ancient meaning, as the symbol of kingship. The Sun received various meanings including the king, Jamshid, the mythical king of Iran, and motherhomeland.

The many historical meanings of the emblem have provided the rich ground for competing symbols of Iranian identity. After the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, Parliament designed a new flag and a new coat of arms. In the 20th century, some politicians and scholars suggested that the emblem be replaced by other symbols such as the Derafsh Kaviani. However, the emblem remained the official symbol of Iran until the 1979 revolution, when the "Lion and Sun" symbol was removed from public spaces and government organizations and replaced by the present-day Coat of arms of Iran.

Imperial State of Iran (1932 to 1979)

This photo shows one of the Iranian coat of arms during reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. It was a short-lived symbol.
Coat of arms of Iran's Sovereign (1932–1979)
Emblem of Iran (1979–1980)

In 1932, seven years after the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, Reza Shah founded the Order of Pahlavi with the official emblem of the dynasty (Mount Damavand with a rising sun) in a medallion of the Order's badge and star. The coat of arms was created with Iran's national and Pahlavi's dynastical symbols: Lion and Sun, Faravahar, Zolfaghar, Simurgh and Pahlavi's arms in the center. At the top of the coat of arms was the Pahlavi crown, created for the Coronation of Reza Shah in 1926, and the collar of the Order of Pahlavi was under the shield. The lions with scimitars were the supporters. The Imperial motto "Mara dad farmud va Khod Davar Ast" ("Justice He bids me do, as He will judge me" or, alternatively, "He gave me power to command, and He is the judge"). In 1971 some details of this Imperial achievement were changed in their colours.

Azure and Or are the colours of the Imperial Family.

Since 1971 the flag of Shahanshah consists of a pale-blue field with the flag of Iran in the upper left corner and the Pahlavi coat of arms in the centre.

The Interim Government also used the lion and sun emblem during the transitional period after the revolution, and before the current emblem was adopted.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "UTN #27: Known anomalies in Unicode Character Names". Unicode.org. 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  2. ↑ "ایران باستان". Aryansland.blogfa.com. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  3. ↑ "فروهر | نماد شناسی". Padena.wordpress.com. 2006-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  4. ↑ ...the Order of the Lion and the Sun, a device which, since the 17 century at least, appeared on the national flag of the Safavids the lion representing 'Ali and the sun the glory of the Shi'i faith, Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovskiĭ, J. M. Rogers, Hermitage Rooms at Somerset House, Courtauld Institute of Art, Heaven on earth: Art from Islamic Lands : Works from the State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, Prestel, 2004, p. 178.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2001). "Flags". Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. 10.
  6. 1 2 H. Kindermann "Al-Asad" Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol.1, p. 681
  7. ↑ Krappe, Alexander H. (1945). "The Anatolian Lion God". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 65 (3): 144–154. doi:10.2307/595818. JSTOR 595818.
  8. ↑ "http". //www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2013-12-31. External link in |publisher= (help)

See also

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