Equipment of the Royal Malaysian Air Force

The equipment of the Royal Malaysian Air Force can be subdivided into: aircraft, ammunition, weapons, satellites, and ground vehicles.

Aircraft

Current

Aircraft	Image	Type	Origin	Class	Role	In service	No.	Notes
Fighter aircraft
Sukhoi Su-30MKM		Su-30MKM	Russia	Jet	Multirole fighter	18[1]	18	Specialised development of the Sukhoi Su-30 for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.[2]
Boeing F/A-18 Hornet		F/A-18D	USA	Jet	Multirole fighter	8[3]	8	All-weather.
Mikoyan MiG-29		MiG-29N MiG-29NUB	Russia	Jet	Air superiority fighter	10[4] 2[4]	12	Scheduled for retirement in 2015.
BAE Hawk		Mk 108 Mk 208	UK	Jet	Light multirole fighter	6[4] 13[5]	19	Mk 208 is a single seat light multirole fighter. Mk 108 is an advanced weapons trainer with combat capabilities.[5]
Northrop F-5		F-5 Tiger II RF-5E Tigereye	USA	Jet	Light attack, Reconnaissance	16[4] 2[4]	18	Scheduled for retirement in 2014.[6]
Aermacchi MB-339		MB-339AM MB-339CM	Italy	Jet	Lead-in fighter, Light fighter	18	24	10 x MB-339AM, 8 x MB-339CM.
Cargo/transport aircraft
Airbus A400M		A400M	EU	Propeller	Long range/tactical military transport	3	4	First A400M received in 2015.[7] Two more on order.[8][9]
Lockheed C-130 Hercules		C-130H C-130MP KC-130T	USA	Propeller	Military transport, Maritime patrol aircraft, Aerial refuelling	10 1 4	15	10 C-130H, 1 C-130MP and 4 KC-130T. C-130MP is a maritime patrol variant and can be reconfigured into tactical airlift. The 4 KC-130T provide aerial refuelling.
CASA CN-235		CN-235-220M-VIP CN-235-220M	Spain  Indonesia	Propeller	Military transport, Maritime patrol	7[10][11]	8	Military transport for army airborne (PAC) and humanitarian uses. One lost to crash.[11]
Beechcraft Super King Air		B200T	USA	Propeller	Maritime patrol aircraft	4[4]	4	Two Beechcraft Super King Air 350 are leased from Aerotree Defence Services Sdn Bhd.[12]
Cessna 402		402B	USA	Propeller	Military transport	10[4]	10
Boeing Business Jet		BBJ1 (737-700)	USA	Jet	VIP transport	1	1	Used for the Prime Minister and/or Deputy Prime Minister.
Bombardier Global Express		BD700	Canada	Jet	VIP transport	1	1
Dassault Falcon 900		900B	France	Jet	VIP transport	1	1
Airbus 319		A319CJ	France  Germany  China	Jet	VIP transport	1	1
Fokker F28 Fellowship		F28-1000	Netherlands	Jet	VIP transport	1	1
Trainer aircraft
Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer		PC-7 PC-7 Mk II	Switzerland	Propeller	Trainer	30[4] 17[4]	47
MD3-160 Aerotiga		unknown	Switzerland	Propeller	Trainer	20	20
Helicopters
Aérospatiale Alouette III		SA-316B SA-319B	France	Helicopter	Trainer	13	33	7 × SA-316Bs transferred from RSAF in 1978/9), 10 transferred to Malaysian Army Aviation.
Eurocopter EC120 Colibri		H120/EC120B	France  China  Singapore	Helicopter	Trainer	1	6	Ordered to replace the ageing Aérospatiale Alouette III. The aircraft was supplied by Gading Kasturi Sdn Bhd and leased from them.[12] The company will provided total engineering and logistics support to five Airbus EC120B helicopter and one EC 120B simulator through Company Own Military Operates (COMO) concept for its basic helicopter flying school. The program also involves in house upgrading of the EC120B to fully glass cockpit and Near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS).[13]
Eurocopter EC 725		Super Cougar/Caracal	France	Helicopter	Transport, CSAR	12	12	Originally ordered to replace the ageing Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (Nuri). However, only 12 out of 28 managed to be purchased.[14]
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King		S61A-4 Nuri	USA	Helicopter	Transport, SAR	17[15]	31	Built by Agusta under licence. 12 transferred to the Malaysian Army Aviation. Originally planned to be removed due to 89 personnel having been killed in 15 crashes since it was introduced. However, as Malaysia only managed to order 12 of a planned 28 EC725s as replacements, this forced the air force to prolong the life of its Sikorskys.[14]
Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk		S-70 S-70A	USA	Helicopter	VIP transport Utility	2 (4)[16]	6[16]	4 S-70A transferred to RMAF from the RBAF.[17]
Agusta A109		A109C	Italy  UK	Helicopter	Utility	1	1
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King		AS-61N1	USA	Helicopter	VIP transport	2	2
Unmanned aerial vehicle
CTRM Aludra[18]		Mk.1 and Mk.2	Malaysia	UAV	Reconnaissance	unknown	unknown	Coastal surveillance.
ScanEagle		unknown	USA	UAV	Reconnaissance	unknown	unknown	Coastal surveillance.
CTRM Eagle ARV		unknown	Australia  Malaysia	UAV	Reconnaissance	unknown	unknown

Former

Aircraft	Image	Type	Variants	Origin	Quantity	Notes
Fighter aircraft
CAC Sabre		Fighter	Sabre Mk. 32	USA  Australia	10	ex-RAAF aircraft delivered 1969 to 1972.
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk		Attack aircraft	A-4PTM TA-4PTM	USA	40	United States Navy Surplus. Only 40 out of 80 were delivered.
Canadair CL-41 Tutor		Ground-attack aircraft	CL-41G Tebuan	Canada	20
Cargo/transport aircraft
Scottish Aviation Pioneer		Light transport		UK	unknown
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer		Light transport		UK	unknown
De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou		Medium transport	DHC-4A	Canada	unknown
Grumman HU-16 Albatross		Utility	HU-16B	USA	unknown
Handley Page Dart Herald		Transport		UK	unknown
Hawker Siddeley HS125		VIP transport		UK	unknown
De Havilland Heron		VIP transport		UK	unknown
De Havilland Dove		VIP transport		UK	unknown
Training aircraft
Percival Provost		Trainer	T51	UK	unknown
Scottish Aviation Bulldog		Trainer		UK	unknown
Helicopters
Bell 47		Light observation helicopter	Bell 47G	USA	unknown
Westland Wasp		Anti-submarine helicopter		UK	unknown

Munitions

Aircraft missiles, rockets and bombs

Model	Image	Type	Variants	Origin	Quantity	Notes
Air-to-air missile (AAM)
AA-8 Aphid		Short-range air-to-air missile	R-60K	USSR	100	Used by Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-10 Alamo		Medium-range air-to-air tactical missile	R-27ET R-27ER R-27R R-27T	USSR	100	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-11 Archer		Short-range air-to-air missile	R-73E	USSR	100	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-12 Adder		Medium-range active-radar homing air-to-air missile	RVV-AE	Russia	150	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.[19]
AIM-7 Sparrow		Medium-range, semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile	Standard	USA	776	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
AIM-120 AMRAAM		Medium-range, active radar homing air-to-air missile	AIM-120C5 AIM-120C7	USA	126	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
AIM-9 Sidewinder		Short-range air-to-air missile	AIM-9 AIM-9X AIM-9 Block III	USA	148	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet, Northrop F-5 and BAE Hawk 208.
Air-to-surface missile (ASM)
AS-14 Kedge		Air-to-surface missile	Kh-29TE Kh-29L	USSR	128	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AS-13 Kingbolt		Air-to-surface missile	Kh-59ME	USSR	120	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AS-17 Krypton		Air-to-surface missile	Kh-31P Kh-31A	USSR	123	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AGM-65 Maverick		Air-to-surface missile	AGM-65E AGM-65F	USA	120	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet[20] and BAE Hawk 208.
Anti-ship missile (AShM)
AS-20 Kayak		Anti-ship missile	Kh-35E	USSR	120	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
Harpoon		Anti-ship missile	Block III	USA	38	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
Rocket
CRV7		Ground attack rocket		Canada	28	Used by BAE Hawk 208 and attack helicopter.
General-purpose bomb
KAB-500L		Laser-guided bomb	KAB-500KR	USSR	90	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
KAB-1500L		Laser guided bomb	KAB-1500KR	USSR	140	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
Mark 82		Low-drag general purpose bomb	Mark 82	USA	120	Used by BAE Hawk 208 and Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
GBU-12 Paveway II		Laser guided bomb	GBU-12	USA	189	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
Joint Direct Attack Munition		Low-drag general purpose bomb	Mk84	USA	94	Used by BAE Hawk 208 and Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.[21]
Mk-20 Rockeye II		Cluster bomb	CBU-100	USA	100	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.

Aircraft machine guns

Model	Image	Type	Calibre	Variants	Origin	Notes
Machine guns
Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-301		Automatic cannon	30×165mm	GSh-301	USSR	Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
M61 Vulcan		Rotary cannon	20 × 102mm (0.787 inch) calibre	Standard	USA	Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
ADEN cannon		Revolver cannon	30 × 113mm (1.1811 inch) calibre	ADEN 25	UK	Used by BAE Hawk 208.
M39 cannon		Single-barrel autocannon	20 mm (0.787 in) × 102 mm	M55A2	USA	Used by Northrop F-5.

Weapons

Model	Image	Type	Calibre	Origin	Variants	Notes
Pistols
Glock		Pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	Austria	Glock 18C Glock 19 Glock 34	Standard service pistol.
Browning HP		Pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	Belgium	HP Mk.III
Sphinx		Pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	Switzerland	S3000	Used by PASKAU.
Shotguns
M870		Shotgun	12 gauge	USA	M870 M870 MCS	Modular combat shotgun.
M1014		Shotgun	12 gauge	Italy	M1014
Mossberg		Shotgun	12 gauge	USA	590A1
Submachine guns
Colt 9mm		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	USA
MP5		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Germany	MP5A5 MP5-K MP5K-A4 MP5SD6	Used in night operations, close quarters, hostage rescue, and close protections.
MP9		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Switzerland	MP9
Rifles
M4		Carbine	5.56×45mm NATO	USA  Malaysia	M4 M4A1 SOPMOD	Standard service rifle.
CAR-15		Carbine	5.56×45mm NATO	USA	653
SG 553		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Switzerland	SG-553LB SG-553SB
Machine guns
Minimi		Light machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	Belgium	Minimi Mk.3	Belt-fed but can be used with STANAG magazines. Standard squad automatic weapon.
M249 SAW		Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO	USA	M249	Belt-fed but can be used with STANAG magazines.
Browning M2HB		Heavy machine gun	.50 BMG	USA	M2A1 M2HB	Mounted on vehicles or tripods.
M134		Gatling machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	USA	M134D	Mounted on S-70 Blackhawk helicopter.
Sniper rifles
M107		Anti-materiel rifle, Sniper rifle	.50 BMG	USA	M107
AW		Sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle	.308 Winchester	UK	AW
DSR-1		Sniper rifle	.308 Winchester	Germany	DSR-1
R93		Sniper rifle	.308 Winchester	Germany	R93
PSG-1		Sharpshooter rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	Germany	PSG-1A1
Grenade-based weapons
M203		Grenade launcher	40mm grenade	USA	M203A1 M203A2	Attached to M4.
M32		Grenade launcher	40mm grenade	South Africa	M32	Six-shot revolver-type grenade launcher.
GL 5040		Grenade launcher	40mm grenade	Switzerland	GL 5040	Attached to SG 553.
M67		Fragmentation grenade		USA
M18		Smoke grenade		USA
M84		Flashbang		USA

Procurement

To boost Malaysia's security in eastern Sabah from the threats of militants from the southern Philippines as well as to dispose of older inventory, the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAF) transferred four of its S-70A Black Hawk to the RMAF.^[17][22] BAE Hawk 200 squadrons have been stationed in various bases across East Malaysia in order to launch air-to-ground operations and attacks against foreign militants attempting intrusion into Sabah.^[23] In 2016, BAE Systems entered into a strategic partnership with a Malaysian aviation maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) centre AIROD to upgrade the avionic systems on the Malaysian BAE Hawk aircraft.^[24] As part of the Malaysia's Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program, Malaysia is looking to replace its ageing MiG-29 and F-5 fighters which have long since passed retirement age.^[25][26] Due to financial difficulties, the plan was postponed year after year. Announcement of the winner of the project, as well as purchasing of the new generation fighters will most likely occur between 2016-2020.^[27] The major contenders of this project would be the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab JAS 39 Gripen, Sukhoi Su-30 and the Sukhoi Su-35.^{[27][28][29][30]} While Malaysia's Aerospace Technology Systems Corp. (ATSC) has launched a bid to upgrade the ageing MiG-29 fighters,^[31] Dassault Rafale has offering financial package with a ten-year repayment loan from a French commercial bank and guaranteed by the government of France to assist procurement of their fighter.^[32] This offer was countered by BAE Systems' Eurofighter Typhoon and Saab JAS 39 Gripen which has offered competitive leasing deals instead.^[25][33][34] EADS and BAE Systems has offered to set up joint venture companies for maintenance and repair of the aircraft if it is selected, along with competitive financial support extended by the UK government.^[35] Beside promoting their jet fighters, Saab is pitching their airborne early warning and control aircraft, the Global Eye (Bombardier 6000) equipped with Erieye radar system and is looking for local partners in Malaysia for manufacturing and maintenance, repair and overhaul.^[36] Russia is ready to offer their jet fighters to meet Malaysia’s requirements.^[37] The Russian defence export corporation, Rosoboronexport which supplied the Royal Malaysian Air Force with Sukhoi Su-30MKM expressed its readiness to discuss the prospect of establishing joint and licensed production facilities in Malaysia.^[38] The Russians have argued that despite some initial advantages especially in terms of meeting the high cost for maintenance, fuel, parts and insurance in the short term, the lessors the aircraft will require frequent checks to be assured that terms of the lease are upheld, and the aircraft will eventually have to be returned after the leasing period is up. As such, leasing fighter aircraft will have significant drawbacks in the defence of sovereignty of the nation.^[30] Instead, the Russian offering their Sukhoi Su-35 at lower prices than their western rivals. However, according to reports by insider sources, the Malaysian Government has shortlisted the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Dassault Rafale instead.

In the late 2015, it was rumoured that Malaysia might purchase the Sino-Pakistani JF-17 Thunder,^[39] but the report was denied by Malaysian Defence Minister and said they were still determining to choose.^[40] It was believed that there was an immediate requirement for new fighters due to the increase of China's aggression in the South China Sea dispute.^[41]

• 

  Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet

• 

  Dassault Rafale

• 

  Eurofighter Typhoon

• 

  Saab JAS 39 Gripen

• 

  Sukhoi Su-30

• 

  Sukhoi Su-35

• 

  CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder

Attire

Current attire
Type	Name	Pattern	Full pattern	Notes
Harimau Belang Pattern 90	Airman Battle Uniform (ABU)
Harimau Gurun desert pattern				It is a variant of Malay Tigerstripe Woodland pattern but with earth-brown stripes on a light green and sand-coloured background.
	No.4 Digital Camouflage Pattern			The Royal Malaysian Air Force (Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, TUDM) introduces the Uniform No. 4 with new digital camo pattern during 58th RMAF Anniversary Parade on June 1, 2016. The new woodland pattern is well known as No.4 Loreng Digital and used for field combat training, operations and marching.
	Flight suit			Pilots, air crews and missile crews wear olive green or desert tan one-piece flight suits made of Nomex for fire protection.
	Field Service Uniform

Incidents and accidents

• Since 1989, around 95 armed forces personnel (most of those are the RMAF) have been killed in 18 crashes involving the ageing type American-made Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (Nuri) helicopter.^[42] This led the RMAF to purchase the French-made EC725 helicopter to replace it. But with the nation having ordered only 12 of a planned 28 EC725 helicopters as replacements, the RMAF was forced to prolong the life of its Sikorskys.^[14] On 21 October 2016, it was reported that a Canadian helicopter company Heli-One will upgrade all Malaysia's Nuri helicopter.^[43]
• In May 2008, two J85-GE-21 engines that power the Northrop F-5E Tiger II fighter jets belonging to the Royal Malaysian Air Force were reported missing, as of sometime in 2007, from an RMAF warehouse in Kuala Lumpur during Najib's tenure as Defence Minister in Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's cabinet. The jet engines belonged to the 12th Squadron (Scorpion) based in Butterworth. The issue became a matter of political dispute,^[44] and it was reported a brigadier-general together with 40 other armed forces personnel had been sacked over the incident.^[45] Further investigation led to the arrest of two RMAF personnel and a civilian contractor were charged in connection with the theft and disposal of both engines on 6 January 2010.^[46] On 5 February 2010, Attorney-General Abdul Gani Patail revealed that the two missing engines had been found in Uruguay with the help of the Government of Uruguay and the Malaysian government is proceeding with the necessary measures to secure their return. Investigations showed that the engines were taken out of the RMAF base between 20 December 2007 to 1 January 2008 before being sent to a warehouse in Subang Jaya to be shipped out of Malaysia to South America.^[47][48]
• On 26 February 2016, the RMAF Indonesian made-CN-325-220M version were forced to make an emergency landing into mangrove swamps near Kuala Selangor due to engine failure.^[11] The aircraft co-pilot sustained a broken left arm during the incident while the rest of the crew managed to escape without major injuries. A fisherman who trying to help the crews out of the aircraft were reported drowned after his foot got stuck in a mud. The black box from the aircraft was found on the next day and sent to Bandung, Indonesia for analysing by Indonesian manufacturer over the cause of the accident.^[49]

See also

• Equipment of the Malaysian Army
• Equipment of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
• Equipment of the Royal Malaysian Navy
• List of police firearms in Malaysia

References

1. "Russia Starts Missiles Delivery for Su-30MKM Jets Designed for Malaysia". Sputnik News. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
2. "Sukhoi, Malaysia Sign $100 Mln Deal on Fighters' Maintenance". Sputnik News. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
3. Hafizahril Hamid (20 December 2015). "Evolusi F/A-18 Hornet" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
4. "AMR AIR FORCE DIRECTORY 2013". Asian Military Review. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
5. Craig Hoyle (22 October 2010). "Selex Galileo to protect Malaysia's Hawk fleet". Flightglobal. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
6. Marhalim Abas (21 November 2014). "Sayonara F-5, It was Nice Knowing You". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
7. Hani Shamira Shahrudin (13 January 2016). "RMAF receives second A400M aircraft". New Straits Times. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
8. Greg Waldron (17 April 2012). "Malaysia to receive first A400M in January 2015". Flightglobal. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
9. Dzirhan Mahadzir (16 March 2015). "Malaysia expects first A400M to achieve IOC in mid-2015". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
10. "Order of Battle - Malaysia". Military Aviation Press. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
11. Ridzwan Rahmat (25 February 2016). "Malaysian Air Force CN-235 crash lands near Kuala Selangor". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
12. Marhalim Abas (3 December 2015). "RMAF's newest helicopter unveiled". Malaysian Defence. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
13. "Gading Kasturi". Gading. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
14. Craig Hoyle (22 January 2015). "Malaysia to upgrade and arm S-61 "Nuri" fleet". Flightglobal. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
15. "Army gets first batch of Nuris". The Star. 21 March 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
16. Marhalim Abas (23 January 2015). "RMAF getting Brunei Blackhawks". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
17. Marcel Burger (23 January 2015). "Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia". AIRheads. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
18. "ALUDRA MK1 (Alliance Unmanned Developmental Research Aircraft)". Unmanned Systems Technology Sdn Bhd (The ALUDRA MK1). Retrieved 30 August 2015.
19. "Russia Signs $35-Mln Missile Contract with Malaysia". Retrieved 28 October 2012.
20. "Malaysia asks for more F-18s". Flight International. 14–20 September 1994. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
21. "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 6 November 2013.
22. "Brunei transfers S-70A Blackhawks to Malaysian Armed Forces". Borneo Bulletin. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
23. "New infantry battalion to boost RMAF presence in Labuan". Bernama. The Malay Mail. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
24. "BAE Systems and AIROD partner to upgrade RMAF Hawk Aircraft". airforce-technology.com. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
25. "Saab Offers Lease Package For Gripen Jets". Bernama. Malaysian Digest. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
26. Bradley Perrett (16 February 2016). "Malaysian Mig-29 and F-5 Decisions in 2016?". Aviation Week Network. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
27. Bradley Perrett (23 March 2015). "Malaysia Expected To Order Fighters In 2016-20". Aviation Week Network. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
28. Praveen Menon; Muralikumar Anantharaman (18 March 2015). "Boeing pins hopes on Malaysia order for boost to F/A-18 fighter jet". Reuters. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
29. "Russian weapons still have high export potential in Malaysia". Rostec. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
30. "Why Russia's Su-35 must re-enter the Malaysian dogfight". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Big News Network. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
31. Nigel Pittaway (28 March 2015). "Malaysian Company Proposes MiG-29 Upgrade". Defense News. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
32. "Malaysia Offered Similar Financial Package As Egypt For Rafale Procurement". Bernama. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
33. "BAE to offer Eurofighter lease to Malaysia". Australian Aviation. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
34. Jon Grevatt (19 April 2016). "Saab looks to Gripen lease to kickstart Malaysia's MRCA programme". IHS Jane’s 360. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
35. Jon Grevatt (18 April 2016). "DSA 2016: BAE Systems outlines Typhoon offset package for Malaysia". IHS Jane’s 360. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
36. Tim Fish (22 April 2016). "DSA 2016: Eyeing up Malaysia". Shephard. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
37. "Russia's positions on Asia-Pacific arms market". Tass. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
38. "Russian company ready to discuss joint and licensed production facilities in Malaysia". Bernama. The Sun. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
39. Benjamin David Baker (23 December 2015). "The Sino-Pakistani JF-17 Might Have Another Buyer in Asia". The Diplomat. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
40. Usman Ansari (22 December 2015). "Malaysia Denies Interest in JF-17, But Export Hopes Remain". Defense News. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
41. "In China's shadow, Southeast Asia looks to replace ageing fighter jets". Reuters. The Star. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
42. "Nuri's 18th Crash In 39 Years". Bernama. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
43. Greg Waldron (21 October 2016). "Malaysia S-61 upgrade gathers pace". Flightglobal. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
44. "Stolen engines case was covered up from the start". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
45. "PM: Fighter jet engine reported stolen to cops". The Star. 12 December 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
46. "Two Malaysian Indians charged with aircraft engine theft". India: Deccan Herald. 6 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
47. "Missing jet engines found". The Star. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
48. A. Trucido Y R. Rossello. "El enigma de los motores de F-5 robados" (in Spanish). El Pais. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
49. "RMAF to send flight recorder to Bandung for analysis by manufacturer". The Star. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.