Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

The ethno-linguistic composition of Austria-Hungary according to the census of 31 December 1910 was as follows:[1]

Population

Area Number %
Cisleithania 28,571,934 55.6
Transleithania 20,886,487 40.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium) 1,931,802 3.8
Total 51,390,223 100.0

Languages

Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910

The census of 1911 recorded Umgangssprache, everyday language. Jews and those using German in offices often stated German as their Umgangssprache, even when having a different Muttersprache. In "Hungary proper", 5% of the population were Jews, who were included in speakers of the Hungarian language.[2]

Language Number %
German 12,006,521 23.36
Hungarian 10,056,315 19.57
Czech 6,442,133 12.54
Polish 4,976,804 9.68
Croatian 4,380,891 8.52
Ruthenian (Ukrainian) 3,997,831 7.78
Romanian 3,224,147 6.27
Slovak 1,967,970 3.83
Slovene 1,255,620 2.44
Italian 768,422 1.50
Other 2,313,569 4.51
Total 51,390,223 100.00

Cisleithanian states

Land Main language others (if more than 2%)
Bohemia Czech (63.2%) German (36.8%)
Dalmatia Croatian (96.2%) Italian (2.8%)
Galicia Polish (58.6%) Ukrainian (40.2%)
Lower Austria German (95.9%) Czech (3.8%)
Upper Austria German (99.7%)
Bukovina Ukrainian (38.4%) Romanian (34.4%), German (21.2%), Polish (4.6%)
Carinthia German (78.6%) Slovenian (21.2%)
Carniola Slovenian (94.4%) German (5.4%)
Salzburg German (99.7%)
Austrian Silesia German (43.9%) Polish (31.7%), Czech (24.3%)
Styria German (70.5%) Slovenian (29.4%)
Moravia Czech (71.8%) German (27.6%)
County of Tyrol German (57.3%) Italian (42.1%)
Austrian Littoral Slovenian (37.3%) Italian (34.5%), Croatian (24.4%), German (2.5%)
Vorarlberg German (95.4%) Italian (4.4%)

Transleithanian states

Land Main language others (if more than 2%)
Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian (54%) Romanian (16.1%), Slovak (10.5%), German (10.4%), Ruthenian (2.5%), Serbian (2.5%)
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia Croatian (62.5%) Serbian (24.6%), German (5.0%), Hungarian (4.1%)

Historical regions

Region
Main spoken language
Hungarian language
Other languages
Transylvania Romanian – 2,819,467 (54%) 1,658,045 (31.7%) German – 550,964 (10.5%)
Slovakia Slovak – 1,688,413 (57.9%) 881,320 (30.2%) German – 198,405 (6.8%)
Vojvodina Serbo-Croatian – 601,770 (39.8%) 425,672 (28.1%) German – 324,017 (21.4%)
Transcarpathia Ruthenian or Ukrainian – 330,010 (54.5%) 185,433 (30.6%) German – 64,257 (10.6%)
Fiume Italian – 24,212 (48.6%) 6,493 (13%) Croatian and Serbian – 13,351 (26.8%)
Slovene - 2,336 (4.7%)
German - 2,315 (4.6%)
Burgenland German – 217,072 (74.4%) 26,225 (9%) Croatian – 43,633 (15%)
Prekmurje Slovene – 74,199 (80.4%) – in 1921 14,065 (15.2%) – in 1921 German – 2,540 (2.8%) – in 1921

Religions

Map of religions, from Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas
Religions/Confessions in all of Austria-Hungary Austrian
part		 Hungarian
part		 Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Catholics 76.6% 90.9% 61.8% 22.9%
Protestants 8.9% 2.1% 19.0% 0.3%
Orthodox 8.7% 2.3% 14.3% 43.5%
Jews 4.4% 4.7% 4.9% 0.6%
Muslims 1.3% 0% 0% 32.7%

See also

References

  1. ↑ Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910, veröffentlicht in: Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen. K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Wien 1911.
  2. ↑ A. J. P. Taylor, The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918, 1948.
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