Football in Greece

Football in Greece
Country	Greece
Governing body	Hellenic Football Federation
National team	Greece
First played	1905-06 (Unofficial) 1927-28 (Official)
Clubs	about 2,500
National competitions
Superleague Greece Beta Ethniki Gamma Ethniki Delta Ethniki Local championships Greek Cup Greek Football Amateur Cup Greek Super Cup Greek League Cup (defunct)
Audience records
Single match	75.256 - (Nov. 3 1983) Olympiacos Piraeus vs Hamburger SV (ECC)

Football is a highly popular sport in Greece.

History of Greek football

Ancient Greek Episkyros player balancing the ball. Depiction on an Attic Lekythos.

The Ancient Greeks are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game known as "ἐπίσκυρος" (Episkyros)^[1][2] or "φαινίνδα" (phaininda),^[3] which is mentioned by a Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388–311 BC) and later referred to by the Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD). These games appear to have resembled rugby football.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

In the modern times football became known and popular to the Greeks mostly by the British. The first Greek teams to be found were amongst the Greeks of the community in Smyrna (now Izmir) during the 1890s. Teams such as Panionios G.S.S. and Apollon Smyrni F.C., which after the Asia Minor Disaster of 1922 came in Athens.

League system

The first league of professional football in Greece was officially established as the Panhellenic Championship in 1927. The league ran until 1959, when it was replaced by the Alpha Ethniki which ran until 2006 when it was then replaced by Superleague Greece. According to FIFPro, an organization that represents professional players, nearly 70 percent of players complained in a 2011 survey of problems with not being paid.^[9]

Superleague Greece is the top-flight professional football division within Greece. The league contains 16 clubs, with the winners of the league becoming the Champions of Greece. The team with the most national championships is Olympiacos, who have won 42 times - 8 Super League titles, 19 Alpha Ethniki titles and 15 Panhellenic Championships.^[10] Two other P.O.K. clubs also dominate the history of Greek football; Panathinaikos with 20 titles and AEK Athens with 11 titles.^[10]

At the end of the season the bottom two clubs in Super League are relegated to Football League (former "Beta Ethniki"), to be replaced by teams promoted from that division. Below the Football League the league structure becomes regionalised, with four groups constituting Gamma Ethniki and numerous Local championships one level lower.

Cup competitions

There are currently two major cup competitions in Greek football. They are the Greek Cup and Greek Super Cup. The Greek Cup includes clubs from every division of football in Greece, while the Super Cup is an annual game held between the winner of the Greek Super League and Greek Cup.

International

UEFA competitions

The team of Panathinaikos against Ajax in the 1971 European Cup Final.

Club sides may qualify to play in European tournaments under the jurisdiction of UEFA. The champions of Super League qualify for the Group Stage of the following season's UEFA Champions' League. The teams finishing in second to fifth position qualify for a round-robin playoff, the winner of which will enter the Champions League at the Third Qualifying Round. The other three teams will qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League, at the Play-off, Third Qualifying or Second Qualifying Round stage, dependent on their performance in the national level playoff. The winner of the Greek Cup also qualifies for the Europa League. If this club has already qualified for a UEFA competition then the place is given to the runners-up.

The only Greek team to have reached the final of a UEFA competition is Panathinaikos, who were European Cup runners-up in 1970–71.

National team

Angelos Charisteas scoring Greece's winning goal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final.

The Greek national team's first match came on April 7, 1929 in a 1-4 loss to Italy. Greece have qualified for the FIFA World Cup three times, in 1994, in 2010 and in 2014. Greece have qualified for the European Championship four times, their first in 1980, their second in 2004, their third in 2008 and their fourth in 2012. 2004 was their most successful run as they became champions by defeating hosts Portugal in the finals.

Women's football

A national league for women exists since 1987. Now known as the Greek football women A Division, it was started in 1987 as the Pan-Hellenic Championship. In recent years PAOK FC have dominated the league.

Greek footballers

Seasons in Greek football

1950s:	1959–60
1960s:	1960–61	1961–62	1962–63	1963–64	1964–65	1965–66	1966–67	1967–68	1968–69	1969–70
1970s:	1970–71	1971–72	1972–73	1973–74	1974–75	1975–76	1976–77	1977–78	1978–79	1979–80
1980s:	1980–81	1981–82	1982–83	1983–84	1984–85	1985–86	1986–87	1987–88	1988–89	1989–90
1990s:	1990–91	1991–92	1992–93	1993–94	1994–95	1995–96	1996–97	1997–98	1998–99	1999–00
2000s:	2000–01	2001–02	2002–03	2003–04	2004–05	2005–06	2006–07	2007–08	2008–09	2009–10
2010s:	2010–11	2011–12	2012–13	2013–14	2014–15

See also

• Episkyros
• Greek football clubs in European competitions
• Sport in Greece

References

1. ἐπίσκυρος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
2. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007 Edition: "In ancient Greece a game with elements of football, episkuros, or harpaston, was played, and it had migrated to Rome as harpastum by the 2nd century BC".
3. φαινίνδα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
4. Nigel Wilson, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, Routledge, 2005, p. 310
5. Nigel M. Kennell, The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta (Studies in the History of Greece and Rome), The University of North Carolina Press, 1995, on Google Books
6. Steve Craig, Sports and Games of the Ancients: (Sports and Games Through History), Greenwood, 2002, on Google Books
7. Don Nardo, Greek and Roman Sport, Greenhaven Press, 1999, p. 83
8. Sally E. D. Wilkins, Sports and games of medieval cultures, Greenwood, 2002, on Google books
9. Another Victim of Global Financial Crisis: Pro Soccer Players, New York Times, March 24, 2014.
10. "All Time Champions". Hellenic Football Federation. Archived from the original on December 11, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-28.