Foreign born
Foreign born (also non-native) people are those born outside of their country of residence. Foreign born are often non-citizens, but many are naturalized citizens of the country that they live in and others are citizens by descent, typically through a parent.
The term foreign born encompasses both immigrants and expatriates but is not synonymous with either. Foreign born may, like immigrants, have committed to living in a country permanently or, like expatriates, live abroad for a significant period with the plan to return to their birth-country eventually.
The status of foreign born — particularly their access to citizenship — differs globally. The large groups of foreign born guest workers in Arab states of the Persian Gulf, for example, have no right to citizenship no matter the length of their residence. In Canada and the United States, by contrast, foreign born are often citizens or in the process of becoming citizens. Certain countries have intermediary rules: in Germany and Japan it is often difficult but not impossible for the foreign born to become citizens.
Trends by country
The percentage of foreign born in a country is the product mostly of immigration rates, but is also affected by emigration rates and birth and death rates in the destination country. For example, the United Kingdom and Ireland are destination countries for migrants from Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, but are themselves source countries for immigration to other Anglosphere countries. The countries with the highest rates of immigration are wealthy countries with relatively open nationality or migration laws including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and the Persian Gulf States.
The largest foreign-born population in the world is in the United States, which was home to 39 million foreign-residents in 2012, or 12.6% of the population.[1] The highest percentage of foreign-born residents occurs in small, wealthy countries with large numbers of temporary foreign workers, such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, the population of each is, depending on the economy at the time, around 80%.[2] In 2010, the Migration Policy Institute reported that the largest percentages were Qatar (86.5%) and UAE (70%).[3]
Cities with largest foreign born populations
Rank | City | Country | Estimate Source | Foreign-Born Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New York City | ![]() | 2014 ACS | 3,160,471[4] |
2 | London | ![]() | ONS 2014 | 3,082,000[5] |
3 | Toronto | ![]() | Canada 2011 Census | 1,512,230 |
4 | Los Angeles | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 1,489,640 |
5 | Houston | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 593,412 |
6 | Chicago | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 579,127 |
7 | Montreal | ![]() | Canada 2011 Census | 536,738 |
8 | Paris | ![]() | INSEE | 436,576 |
9 | San Francisco | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 382,463 |
10 | San Jose | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 378,867 |
11 | San Diego | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 350,768 |
12 | Dallas | ![]() | 2011 ACS | 310,142 |
13 | Vancouver | ![]() | Canada 2006 Census | 260,760[6] |
14 | Calgary | ![]() |
Canada 2006 Census | 252,800[7] |
15 | Milan | ![]() | Istat 2011 | 236,855[8] |
16 | Birmingham | ![]() | ONS 2014 | 222,000[5] |
17 | Ottawa | ![]() | Canada 2006 Census | 178,545[9] |
18 | Boston | ![]() | 2010 United States Census | 167,311 |
19 | Washington DC | ![]() | 2010 United States Census | 83,429 |
Metropolitan regions with largest foreign born populations
Rank[10] | City | Country | Foreign-Born Pop |
---|---|---|---|
1 | New York metropolitan area | ![]() | 5,656,000[11] |
2 | Los Angeles metropolitan area | ![]() | 4,421,000[11] |
3 | London and Home Counties | ![]() | 4,051,502[5] |
4 | Toronto metropolitan area | ![]() | 2,794,840[12] |
5 | Hong Kong (SAR) | ![]() | 2,793,450 |
6 | Paris metropolitan area | ![]() | 2,429,223[13] |
7 | Miami metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,949,629 |
8 | Sydney Greater Statistical Area | ![]() | 1,759,129 |
9 | Chicago metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,625,649 |
10 | Singapore (city only) | ![]() | 1,305,011 |
11 | San Francisco metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,201,209 |
12 | Melbourne Metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,200,000 [14] |
13 | Moscow (city only) | ![]() | 1,128,035 |
14 | Houston metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,113,875 |
15 | Metropolitan Dubai | ![]() | 1,056,000 |
16 | Riyadh (city only) | ![]() | 1,054,000 |
17 | Washington metropolitan area | ![]() | 1,017,432 |
18 | Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex | ![]() | 1,016,221 |
Miscellaneous regions with high percentage of foreign born population
Rank> | City | Country | Percent | Largest Source of Immigrants |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dubai | ![]() | 82 | ![]() ![]() |
2 | Brussels, Capital | ![]() | 68 [15] [16] | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
3 | Luxembourg City | ![]() | 66 [17] | ![]() |
4 | Santa Ana, CA | ![]() | 53 | ![]() |
5 | Daly City, CA | ![]() | 52 | ![]() |
6 | Toronto | ![]() | 52* [18] | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
7 | Miami | ![]() | 51 [19] | ![]() |
8 | Queens, NY | ![]() | 48 | ![]() ![]() |
9 | Muscat | ![]() | 45 | ![]() |
10 | Singapore | ![]() | 43 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
11 | Vancouver | ![]() | 40 | ![]() |
12 | Geneva | ![]() | 39 | ![]() |
13 | Auckland | ![]() | 39 | ![]() |
- Toronto was estimated to be higher at the 2011 census. After Statistics Canada, the national statistics agency, made the National Household Survey optional following the 2006 census it was estimated that minority groups would be less likely to respond to the survey. Furthermore, the statistics are less likely to represent the large communities of temporary foreign workers and international students in Toronto.[21]
See also
- Alien (law)
- Expatriate
- Immigration
- Naturalization
- Finishing School
- Foreign-born Japanese
- Immigrant generations
References
- ↑ United States Census Bureau. Current Population Survey - March 2012 Detailed Tables, Table 1.1. Accessed September 6, 2014.
- ↑ "UAE flatly rejects citizenship for foreign workers".
- ↑ "Data Hub". migrationpolicy.org.
- ↑ "Place of Birth by Year of Entry by Citizenship Status for the Foreign-Born Population - Universe: Foreign-born population 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York City". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- 1 2 3 "Population of the United Kingdom by Country of Birth and Nationality".
- ↑ "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision". statcan.ca. 13 March 2007.
- ↑ "Immigration in Canada: A Portrait of the Foreign-born Population, 2006 Census: Portraits of major metropolitan centres". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20.
- ↑ Archived January 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision". statcan.ca. 13 March 2007.
- ↑ "Data Hub". migrationpolicy.org.
- 1 2 Jie Zong and Jeanne Batalova (April 14, 2016). "U.S. Immigrant Population by Metropolitan Area". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ↑ "2006 Census: Immigration in Canada: A Portrait of the Foreign-born Population, 2006 Census: Immigrants in metropolitan areas: Vast majority of immigrants chose city life". statcan.ca. 4 December 2007.
- ↑ INSEE. "Répartition de la population de la France par région de naissance et région de résidence en 2008". Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ↑ http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/4102.0main+features102014
- ↑ 3.2 Vreemde Afkomst in 2008 3.2.1.
- ↑ World Migration Report 2015, Brussels is the second most cosmopolitan city in the world after Dubai
- ↑ "Luxemburger Wort". Wort.lu.
- ↑ "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011". statcan.gc.ca.
- ↑ "Miami-Dade County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". census.gov.
- ↑ Mémento statistique du canton de Genève 2010, p. 1
- ↑ "National Household Survey: Immigration dramatically changing makeup of Toronto and Canada". thestar.com. 8 May 2013.
External links
- ForeignBorn - a resource for entering and living in the USA
- USA Census Bureau on foreign born population
- Luxembourg – Country Summary
- Migration article from U.C. Davis