Hellenic Force in Cyprus

Hellenic (Greek) Force in Cyprus
Ελληνική Δύναμη Κύπρου (ΕΛΔΥΚ)
Active 1959–present
Country  Cyprus
Allegiance  Kingdom of Greece (1959–1973)
 Greece (1973–present)
Branch Army
Type Mechanized Group
Role Military Force
Size c. 1000
Part of Hellenic Army
Garrison/HQ Nicosia, Cyprus ("Camp of Major Sotirios Staurianakos")
Nickname(s)
  • ELDYK (Greek: ΕΛΔΥΚ)
  • Eldykarioi (Greek: Ελδυκάριοι)
Motto(s) Το όμαιμόν τε και ομόγλωσσον και ομόθρησκον και ομότροπον
(Greek for "the same blood and common language and common religion and common traditions")
Uniform Camouflage Greek Lizard
Service Rifle G3
Engagements Turkish invasion of Cyprus
Website Hellenic Army Official Website
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Dionysios Arbouzis (first)
Insignia
Patch of the formal uniforms
Patch of the everyday and combat uniforms
(low visibility)
Abbreviation ΕΛΔΥΚ or ΕΛ.ΔΥ.Κ.

The Hellenic (Greek) Force in Cyprus (Greek: Ελληνική Δύναμη Κύπρου), commonly known in its abbreviated form as ELDYK or EL.DY.K. (Greek: ΕΛΔΥΚ or ΕΛ.ΔΥ.Κ., Greek pronunciation: [elðˈik]), is the permanent, regiment-sized Greek military force stationed in Cyprus. Its role is to help and support the Cypriot National Guard. Soldiers are selected among the ranks of conscripts who do their military service.

History

ELDYK was formed on November 20, 1959 at Agios Stefanos, Athens, soon after the Zürich and London Agreements established the independence of Cyprus. Per the subsequent Treaty of Guarantee, Greece, along with Turkey and the United Kingdom, would be the new state's guarantor powers. To that end, the permanent presence of a small military detachment from both Greece and Turkey was authorized, in addition to the British military presence in the Sovereign Base Areas. It was established as a tripartite headquarters of Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. In this headquarters belonged the Hellenic Force in Cyprus with 950 men and the Turkish Force in Cyprus (Greek: Τουρκική Δύναμη Κύπρου, abbreviated: ΤΟΥΡΔΥΚ or ΤΟΥΡ.ΔΥ.Κ, Greek pronunciation: [turˈðik]) with 650 men, as it was agreed in the Zürich and London Agreement.

ELDYK in Cyprus (until 1974)

On August 16, 1960, the day that Cyprus became officially independent, ELDYK soldiers and officers disembarked at Famagusta from the Greek Landing Ship Tanks "LIMNOS" (Greek: "ΛΗΜΝΟΣ") and "ALIAKMON" (Greek: "ΑΛΙΑΚΜΩΝ"), the total force was 950 men. The first commander of ELDYK was Colonel Dionysios Arbouzis, a distinguished officer who had already led the Greek Expeditionary Force in Korea. Its camp were established west of Nicosia at the Gerolaκkos or Yerolakkos area, next to the camp of the Turkish Force in Cyprus. The camp was destroyed during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus at 1974.

Intercommunal violence

In December 1963 serious riots and violence broke out between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, the generalization of the conflict and the involvement of the Hellenic Force of Cyprus and Turkish Force of Cyprus was avoided thanks to the intervention of the United Kingdom.[1]

In March 1964, Sergeant First Class Sotirios Karagiannis was murdered during a new round of violence. In May 1964 the Major Dimitrios Poulios and Captain Vasileios Kapotas were murdered at the Turkish Cypriot district of Famagusta, while Captain Panagiotis Tarsoulis was injured. Their driver, police officer Konstantinos Pantelidis was murdered too.[1] At the same period, members of ELDYK were involved in violent incidents against the Turks.

Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974)

During the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, between 20 July and 16 August 1974, ELDYK fought against the Turkish forces in several battles. The commander of EDLYK, at that time, was Colonel Nikolaos Nikolaidis. Second in command were Lieutenant Colonel Konstantinos Papagiannis, during the first phase of invasion (20–23 July 1974) and until 9 August, and Lieutenant Colonel Panagiotis Stavroulopoulos, from 10 August and during all the second phase of the invasion (14–16 August 1974). Panagiotis Stavroulopoulos was deputy commander of the ELDYK till September of the same year. During the invasion, ELDYK's units were dispatches to various places in Cyprus in order to help the Cypriot National Guard. Along with ELDYK, Greece managed to involve an airborne battalion in fighting, raising the total number of Greek troops to 1500-2000 men. The Cypriot National Guard managed to mobilise only a fraction of its 10,000 force, while the total number of the Turkish invading force, was around 40,000.[2]

Battles

The most notable battles involving ELDYK forces at 1974, were:

Location of Turkish forces during the late hours of 20 July 1974. ELDYK contingents in blue.

A total of 105 men were lost (47 dead and 58 missing). Some of these men are buried in the Tomb of Makedonitissa.

Classes

The classes of ELDYK that fought in 1974 were the 103, 105 and 107.

The class 103 consisted of soldiers who were being discharged and were due to return to Greece on board the Greek Landing Ship Tank (ex-USS LST-389) "Lesvos" (Greek: "Λέσβος"). They departed Cyprus on 19 July 1974, after the arrival of their replacement class 107. When the invasion started on the 20th of July 1974, the Hellenic Navy ordered the commander of Lesvos (by then sailing off Rhodes), Lt Cdr Eleftherios Handrinos, to change course and return to Cyprus in order to disembark its troops. That same afternoon, the ship arrived at Paphos and class 103 disembarked. Soldiers from class 103 manned the ship's guns and for over two hours shelled the Turkish Cypriot forces in the area. The Turkish Cypriot forces surrendered to the Cypriot National Guard and their weapons and equipment were captured. Soon after, the men of class 103, moved during the night towards the Nicosia International Airport. In the morning, they arrived at the airport and from there they eventually reached the camp of ELDYK.

The class 107, were the new recruits that had come to replace class 103. They arrived at Cyprus with "Lesvos" at 19 July 1974, one day before the invasion. UNFICYP monitored the rotation of the ELDYK's classes and they kept their HQ informed concerning the progress of the operation. After the Lesvos disembarkation, UNFICYP confirmed that she had brought 410 men and 11 vehicles (class 107) and taken out 422 men and 10 vehicles (class 103).

Equipment

The equipment of ELDYK's men at that time were:

The Tomb of Makedonitissa

The Tomb of Makedonitissa (Greek: Τύμβος της Μακεδονίτισσας), is a military cemetery and war memorial, west of Nicosia, at Engomi in the area of Makedonitissa (35°09′15″N 33°18′29″E / 35.15417°N 33.30806°E / 35.15417; 33.30806). This was the place where one Greek Nord Noratlas was shot down by friendly fire on 22 July 1974, during the Operation Niki (Greek: Επιχείρηση "ΝΙΚΗ"). "Niki" was a military operation of the Greek Army to send some elements of the Greek special forces by air to help the Cypriot National Guard.

In this tomb are buried Greek Cypriot and some Greek officers and soldiers who killed during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus at 1974.

ELDYK Today

ELDYK is still in Cyprus and its headquarters is near Nicosia, its previous camp was destroyed in 1974 and the surrounding area (Gerolakkos or Yerolakkos area) is now under Turkish control. Its role, is to help and support the Cypriot National Guard. For this reason, ELDYK regularly holds joint military exercises in cooperation with the Cypriot National Guard.

Emblem

ELDYK emblem shows the Greece and Cyprus crowned with a common laurel wreath. Between the two countries is the emblem of the Greek Army. Under the wreath writes: "ΕΛΔΥΚ 1960", which is the abbreviation of the force in Greek ("ΕΛΔΥΚ") and the year it disembarked at Cyprus ("1960"). At the top, is the motto of ELDYK: "ΤΟ ΟΜΑΙΜΟΝ ΤΕ ΚΑΙ ΟΜΟΓΛΩΣΣΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΟΜΟΘΡΗΣΚΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΟΜΟΤΡΟΠΟΝ". The two blue tints on the emblem, represents the blue of the sky and the blue of the sea, the meaning is that the same sea and sky surrounds these two countries.[3]

Motto

The motto of ELDYK is: "Το όμαιμόν τε και ομόγλωσσον και ομόθρησκον και ομότροπον", which means: "The same ancestry and common language and common religion and common traditions".

This is an alteration of the work of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, who had written in the eighth book of Histories, entitled Urania, at 144: "...αύτις το ελληνικόν εόν όμαιμόν τε και ομόγλωσσον και θεών ιδρύματα κοινά και θυσίαι ήθεά τε ομότροπα...", which means: "...the Greek nation is from the same ancestry and have common language and common sanctuaries and common sacrifices and common traditions...".[3][4] The meaning is that Greeks have the same national identity and consciousness, regardless of borders.[3]

Personnel

Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece Dimitrios Droutsas, visiting the camp of ELDYK in 2010.

Soldiers and officers of the Hellenic Force in Cyprus(ELDYK) are all Greek citizens. Soldiers are selected among the ranks of conscripts who do their military service. Although some men volunteer for the unit, the core of the force is selected directly by the Greek Army General Staff on the basis of physical ability and skills. After the completion of their basic training in Greece they are dispatched to Cyprus on planes, separated in two detachments totalling approximately 300 men: one detachment departs from Sparta and the other from the armored training camp of Avlon. Although not as demanding as the training received in units of the Special Forces, the training of ELDYK is considerably harder than the training received by ordinary infantrymen serving in Greece, making it one of the most fightworthy units of the Greek Armed Forces. In compensation for serving abroad, the men of ELDYK are salaried and have access to better facilities.[5]

Men who are selected for ELDYK have the nickname: Eldykarioi (Greek: Ελδυκάριοι), singular: Eldykarios (Greek: Ελδυκάριος). This nickname will keep on following them while they are in Cyprus and after they return to Greece. When their service at Cyprus is completed - and they are about to return to Greece to continue their service there, the army provides them with an honorary award for their service at Cyprus.

Military ranks scale and ranks insignia

ELDYK follows the Greek's army ranks scale and ranks insignia (Officers ranks and ranks insignia, Non-commissioned officers and soldiers ranks and ranks insignia), which has the NATO standard ranks scale.

Uniforms

Patch of the formal uniforms

There are 2 types of military uniforms, one is the formal that soldiers wear at the parades, celebrations and other special occasions (like the Army Service Uniform-ASU) and the other is the everyday and combat uniform (like the Army Combat Uniform-ACU). The uniforms are the same as in the rest Greek army with the difference of embroidered patches on both shoulders (shoulder sleeve insignia), which have black letters that form the word: "ΕΛΔΥΚ" (ΕΛΔΥΚ is the abbreviation of the force in Greek).

The patches are dark green (low visibility patches) in the everyday and combat military uniforms and yellow in the formal uniforms. Unofficially, these patches are called: eldykosima (Greek: ελδυκόσημα), singular: eldykosimo (Greek: ελδυκόσημο), which means: "the badge of ELDYK". The uniform camouflage pattern is the Greek Lizard.

Equipment

Personnel of ELDYK are using Greek's army equipment. The service rifles of ELDYK soldiers are some variants of G3.

Headquarters Camp

The headquarters camp is near Nicosia. Its name is "Camp of Major Sotirios Staurianakos". The camp has this name to honor the Captain Sotirios Staurianakos, who was killed at 16 August 1974 during the last day of the battle of the ELDYK camp. He became Major after death.[6]

In the camp, there is a memorial, representing a soldier who shows with his hand the area of the previous camp of ELDYK (destroyed during the Turkish invasion at 1974) and has on a marble the names and the ranks of the officers and soldiers of the force who were killed or are missing.

The museum of ELDYK is in the camp.

Museum

The museum of ELDYK is in its headquarters camp. Because the museum is located in a military area and is under the control of the army, if someone wants to visit it he/she must request permission from the army.

In popular culture

In Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six, the character Kure Galanos is the daughter of an ex-ELDYK sharpshooter.

The Greek music band "ΕΡΩΣ-ΕΛΛΑΣ" created the song "Της ΕΛΔΥΚ τα παλληκάρια" (English: The lads of ELDYK).

At Limasol, a road is named "Machiton ELDYK" (Greek: Μαχητών ΕΛΔΥΚ) (34°42′28″N 33°3′16″E / 34.70778°N 33.05444°E / 34.70778; 33.05444), which means "Warriors of ELDYK".[7]

Additional information

In 2010, a commemorative event was held at Strovolos, Nicosia in order to celebrate the 50 years of ELDYK's presence in Cyprus.

The Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation, has a weekly 1-hour radio show, dedicated to ELDYK.

Monuments and memorials

Cyprus

Name of the Memorial/ Monument Area Coordinates
ELDYK's HQ camp Memorial Nicosia 35°01′53″N 33°10′58″E / 35.03139°N 33.18278°E / 35.03139; 33.18278 (military area)
The Tomb of Makedonitissa Nicosia 35°09′15″N 33°18′29″E / 35.15417°N 33.30806°E / 35.15417; 33.30806
ELDYK Memorial Park Larnaka 34°53′38″N 33°37′57″E / 34.89389°N 33.63250°E / 34.89389; 33.63250

Greece

( * ) The word "Cyprus" is engraved on the tomb in order to honor the men who were killed in Cyprus.

Name of the Memorial/ Monument Area Coordinates
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier * Syntagma Square in Athens 37°58′31″N 23°44′10″E / 37.97528°N 23.73611°E / 37.97528; 23.73611
Memorial for the men who killed at Cyprus Athens 37°58′45″N 23°43′00″E / 37.979180°N 23.716647°E / 37.979180; 23.716647
ELDYK Memorial Peristeri 38°00′47″N 23°40′56″E / 38.013054°N 23.682172°E / 38.013054; 23.682172
ELDYK Memorial Lamia 38°53′38″N 22°26′45″E / 38.89378°N 22.44571°E / 38.89378; 22.44571
ELDYK Memorial Spathari Village 38°45′40.68″N 23°25′12.07″E / 38.7613000°N 23.4200194°E / 38.7613000; 23.4200194

Gallery

See also

References

  1. 1 2 A brief history of ELDYK from Greek Army.
  2. ↑ Μακάριος Δρουσιώτης, "Επιστράτευση στην Κύπρο" στο Βαγγέλης Παναγόπουλος(ed.) Κύπρος 1974: Τα Παρασκήνια της τουρκικής Εισβολής, Ε-Ιστορικά 17 Ιουλίου 2003, σ.27.
  3. 1 2 3 Greek Army website
  4. ↑ Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 144 "...there is the bond of Hellenic race, by which we are of one blood and of one speech, the common temples of the gods and the common sacrifices, the manners of life which are the same for all;..."
  5. ↑ Greek Army website
  6. ↑ Greek Army website
  7. ↑ geoview.info

Further reading

In Greek

About ELDYK

About the Turkish invasion of Cyprus

In English

About Turkish invasion of Cyprus

External links

Videos

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