Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Helsinki-Malmi Airport
Helsinki-Malmin lentoasema
Helsingfors-Malm flygplats
IATA: HEM – ICAO: EFHF
Summary
Airport type Public
Operator Finavia
Location Helsinki, Finland
Opened December 16, 1936 (1936-12-16)
Elevation AMSL 17 m / 57 ft
Coordinates 60°15′14″N 025°02′39″E / 60.25389°N 25.04417°E / 60.25389; 25.04417Coordinates: 60°15′14″N 025°02′39″E / 60.25389°N 25.04417°E / 60.25389; 25.04417
Website www.finavia.fi/...
Map
HEM

Location within Finland

Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
18/36 1,280 4,199 Asphalt
09/27 1,024 3,360 Asphalt
Statistics (2010)
Passengers 50
Landings 41,570
Source: AIP Finland[1]
Statistics from Finavia[2]

Helsinki-Malmi Airport (Finnish: Helsinki-Malmin lentoasema, Swedish: Helsingfors-Malm flygplats) (IATA: HEM, ICAO: EFHF) is an airport in the city of Helsinki, Finland, located in the district of Malmi, 5.4 NM (10.0 km; 6.2 mi) north north-east[1] of the city centre. Until the opening of Helsinki Airport in 1952 it was the main airport of Helsinki and all Finland. Today, the airport is still actively used in general aviation and flight training. It still is the second busiest airport in Finland after Helsinki Airport, as measured by the number of landings.[2]

For a long time, the City of Helsinki has had plans to close the airport in order to use the area for construction of new residential zones, but this decision had been debated and deferred for many years.

History

The first land airport of Helsinki, located in Tattarisuo in the township of Malmi, became operational in December 1936. The area is nowadays in the district of Malmi in Helsinki. The airplanes of Aero Ltd (nowadays Finnair) were converted from floatplanes to land-based aircraft without delay and moved to the new Airport along with general aviation aircraft. The functionalist terminal building was completed in 1938 and designed by architects Dag Englund and Vera Rosendahl.[3] The official opening ceremony took place on 15 May 1938.

Helsinki-Malmi Airport was among the first in the world to be designed from the beginning as an international airport. It made travel to and from the capital of Finland much faster than before. In the late 1930s, domestic air routes already reached all the major cities in Finland, and in 1940 it became possible to fly even to Petsamo in the far north.

The Winter War interrupted civil aviation at Malmi, and the Airport was taken over by the Finnish Air Force. Civilian traffic was moved to other airfields. In the Continuation War both civilian and military traffic used Malmi Airport. When the Continuation War ended in September 1944, the Airport was taken over by the Allied Control Commission. It was returned to the supervision of the Finns at the end of 1946.

During the war, bigger and heavier aircraft had been developed, and after the war the aircraft industry and commercial aviation business flourished. Malmi Airport was confronted by a new situation. It became evident that the runways, built originally on a deep layer of clay and swampy topsoil, would require considerable investment if they were to bear the weight of the new big airliners. Cost estimates showed that extending the runways, adding pilework under them and strengthening them in other ways would be too expensive. The plans were abandoned.

A new airfield of international standards was first opened to traffic in 1952 in Seutula, in time for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. It is today known as Helsinki Airport. Scheduled traffic gradually moved from Malmi to the new airport. Malmi Airport continued to serve a new category of commercial aviation, charter flights, for many years.

Present and future

Airport field and terminal building
Runway 36 in the evening sun.

Nowadays Malmi Airport is in general aviation use. Professional flying education and professional aviation as well as private aviation and aviation clubs operate there. 75 to 80 percent of all flights are training flights,[4] and in 2002, 50 percent of all pilots in Finland and two out of three professional pilots were trained there. The Finnish Border Guard is an important user of the Airport. In special circumstances, Malmi Airport also acts as a backup airfield for Helsinki-Vantaa for lighter passenger aircraft.

Malmi Airport is also popular among people who like outdoor exercise because its environment offers natural scenery and a nature path encircles the airport area. The aviation shows and other public events taking place at the Airport draw tens of thousands of spectators every year. The exceptionally well preserved pre-World War II aviation milieu of Malmi Airport has also received international recognition. It has been selected to the worldwide List of 100 Most Endangered Cultural Sites 2004 by the World Monuments Fund, and re-selected to the 2006 list.[5] The Airport is also included in the Finnish selection of the international DoCoMoMo Workgroup dedicated to cataloguing and preserving buildings, monuments and sites of the modern movement.[6] On 16 March 2016, Europe's leading cultural heritage organization Europa Nostra selected Malmi Airport as one of the seven most endangered cultural heritage sites in Europe 2016.[7][8]

The future of Malmi Airport is uncertain, as the City of Helsinki has plans for housing construction on the site. The City's activity in the matter, which increased substantially in the late 1990s, has since diminished with the ongoing big area building projects and the large land annexation from Sipoo's Östersundom in 2009. The State of Finland has a legally valid land cession agreement with the City of Helsinki until 2034.

The Ministry of Transport and Communications ordered in June 2005 from the Civil Aviation Administration a new assessment of the alternatives and costs. In February 2008, the Ministry of Transport and Communications commissioned an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the alternative sites. In preparing the EIA, it turned out to be problematic that neither the Ministry nor any other party had a concrete project to build a new airport. The Ministry made in early 2010 a proposal to relevant planning authorities to organise co-operation in carrying out the EIA. Based on the response, the Ministry concluded that the preparation of the EIA will not be continued without participation of the authorities responsible for land-use planning. The question of the future location of the airport will be studied in future regional land use plans.[9] It is likely that Malmi Airport will remain operational at least until the 2020s.

On 25 March 2014, the Finnish government made a framework decision in principle to close down Malmi Airport and hand it over to residential use by the early 2020s. A prerequisite written into the government's decision is that the Border Guard and civil aviation are transferred to a substitutive airfield.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "EFHF Helsinki-Malmi" (PDF). AIP Suomi / Finland. Finavia. 25 August 2011. pp. EFHF AD 2.1, 1–10. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Finavia's Air Traffic Statistics 2010" (PDF). Vantaa: Finavia. pp. 7, 9. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  3. ↑ Pesu, Minna (26 November 2008). "Malmin lentoasema eilen ja tänään" [Malmi Airport – past and present]. Rakennusperinto.fi (in Finnish). Ympäristöministeriö, Museovirasto. Retrieved 5.8.2011. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  4. ↑ "Helsinki-Malmi". Vantaa: Finavia. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  5. ↑ "Past Watch Site – Helsinki-Malmi Airport". New York: World Monuments Fund. December 2010. Retrieved 5.8.2011. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  6. ↑ "Dag Englund – Vera Rosendahl (Rakennushallitus)". Docomomo Suomi Finland. Helsinki: Docomomo Suomi Finland ry. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  7. ↑ "Europe's Most Endangered Heritage Sites 2016 Announced". Europa Nostra.
  8. ↑ "European Investment Bank lends its support to Malmi Airport - one of Europe's 7 most endangered cultural heritage sites". Friends of Malmi Airport.
  9. ↑ "Location alternatives of the Helsinki region general aviation airport" (PDF) (in Finnish and English). Helsinki: Ministry of Transport and Communications (Finland). April 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2011.

Literature

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