James Franklin (printer)

James Franklin
Born (1697-02-04)February 4, 1697
Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay
Died February 4, 1735(1735-02-04) (aged 38)
Newport, Colony of Rhode Island
Other names "Poor Robin"
Occupation Newspaper/Almanac Printer/Publisher
Notable credit(s) Publisher, New England Courant, one of the oldest and the first truly independent American newspaper
Spouse(s) Ann Smith Franklin
Children 5
Relatives Benjamin Franklin, younger brother, Jane Mecom, younger sister

James Franklin (February 4, 1697 in Boston – February 4, 1735 in Newport, Rhode Island) was an American colonial author, printer, newspaper publisher, and almanac publisher. James published the New England Courant, one of the oldest and the first truly independent American newspapers.

Early years

James was an older brother of Benjamin Franklin and the son of Josiah Franklin, a chandler from Ecton, Northamptonshire, England, and Abiah Folger Franklin, who came from a family of Nantucket Puritans. In addition to James, their children included: John (1690–1756), Peter (1692–1766), Mary (1694–ca. 1730), Sarah (1699–1731), Ebenezer (1701–1702), Thomas (1703–1706), Benjamin (1706–1790), Lydia (1708–1758), and Jane (1712–1795).[1] James had seven other siblings from his father's earlier marriage.[2]

In 1717, James returned to Boston from England with a Ramage press and a small quantity of type letters[3] to start in the printing trade, and younger brother, Benjamin, became indentured to him.[4] James married Ann Smith, who came from a Puritan family, in 1723, on his 26th birthday. The ceremony, in Boston, was performed by the Rev. John Webb of the New North Church.[5]

Career

James began publishing the Courant in Boston in 1721 with wife, Ann, and brother, Benjamin, working alongside him. While at the Courant, James gathered a group, referred to by some as "The Hell-Fire Club", for assistance, and introduced "yellow journalism" to Boston.[6] The Courant was considered controversial, and James was imprisoned for four weeks in 1722[7] for writing "scandalous libel".[8] The paper was suppressed in 1727 and they left Boston in the same year.

At the invitation of James's brother, John, a tallow chandler, James and Ann moved to Newport. Here, they had five children, including Mary, Elizabeth, and James Jr. Here, too, James and Ann established the colony's first printing press.[8]

Starting in 1727, James printed and published eight editions of the Rhode-Island Almanack, sometimes under the pseudonym "Poor Robin". They were printed in James' shop near the town schoolhouse, or at his printing-house on Tillinghast's Wharf, near the Union-Flag Tavern. With the assistance of Thomas Fleet, the almanacs were sold as far away as Pudding-Lane in Boston.[8][9]

On September 27, 1732, James published the first issue of the Rhode Island Gazette, 12 inches (30 cm) by 8.5 inches (22 cm) in size. Its run lasted only until May 24, 1733, and its issues were irregular.[3][10]

Later years

James was ill while living in Newport, but before his death, his brother Benjamin Franklin came for a visit. When Benjamin left for Philadelphia, he had with him his nephew, James Jr., and provided him with a printing apprenticeship thereafter.[3] After a long illness, James died in Newport in 1735, on his 38th birthday and 12th wedding anniversary.[11] He was survived by Ann, leaving her with four young children to support alone,[12] one child having preceded James in death.

Ann Smith Franklin continued to operate the printing business until her death in 1763, publishing under the imprint of "The Widow Franklin", and producing books, almanacs, pamphlets, and legal announcements.[13]

Partial bibliography

Newspapers
Almanacs
Printed by James Franklin in Newport, for the colony of Rhode Island, and sold at his shop near the town schoolhouse
Other works

References

  1. ↑ "Fifth Generation". genealogy.com. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  2. ↑ "1706 Calendar 3". udel.edu. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  3. 1 2 3 Field, Edward (1902). State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations at the End of the Century: A History. Mason Pub. Co. p. 564.
  4. ↑ "The Story of the New-England Courant Apprenticeship". ushistory.org. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  5. ↑ "4 Feb, Tuesday". .udel.edu. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  6. ↑ Franklin, James (1911). The Rhode-Island almanack for the year, 1728. Being the first ever printed in that colony ... reproduced in exact facsimile ... with a brief account of James Franklin the printer ... Providence, R.I.: John Carter Brown library. p. 6. OCLC 68137848.
  7. ↑ Wroth, Lawrence C. (1995). The Colonial Printer. Courier Dover Publications. p. 22. ISBN 0-486-28294-5.
  8. 1 2 3 Mays, Dorothy A. (2004). Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, and Freedom in a New World. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 148–149. ISBN 1-85109-429-6.
  9. ↑ Hammett, Charles Edward (1887). A Contribution to the Bibliography and Literature of Newport, R. I.: Comprising a List of Books Published Or Printed, in Newport, with Notes and Additions. Newport, R.I.: C.E. Hammett, jun. pp. 8–9. OCLC 3288133.
  10. ↑ The National cyclopaedia of American biography Being the history of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the Republic. New York: J.T. White. 1898. p. 17. OCLC 19333907.
  11. ↑ Fleming, Arline A. "Ann Franklin (1696-1763)". projo.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  12. ↑ Davidson, Rebecca W. (2004-02-16). "Ann Smith Franklin". Princeton University Library. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  13. ↑ "James & Ann Smith Franklin". Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. Heritage Harbor Museum. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
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