Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn

For other uses, see Henry Cockburn (disambiguation).
Lord Cockburn, from the Etching in Crombie's Modern Athenians

Henry Thomas Cockburn of Bonaly, Lord Cockburn (/ˈkoʊbərn/ KOH-bərn; Cockpen, Midlothian, 26 October 1779 – Bonaly, Midlothian, 26 April/18 July 1854)[1] was a Scottish lawyer, judge and literary figure. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland between 1830 and 1834.[2]

Background and education

Cockburn's father Archibald Cockburn, a keen Tory, was Sheriff of Midlothian and Baron of the Court of Exchequer,[2] and his mother Janet Rannie[3] was connected by marriage with the influential Lord Melville. He was educated at the Royal High School and the University of Edinburgh.[2]

His brother was John Cockburn FRSE (d.1862) was a wine merchant and founder of Cockburn's of Leith.[4]

Literary career

Cockburn contributed regularly to the Edinburgh Review. In this popular magazine of its day he is described as: "rather below the middle height, firm, wiry and muscular, inured to active exercise of all kinds, a good swimmer, an accomplished skater, an intense lover of the fresh breezes of heaven. He was the model of a high-bred Scotch gentleman. He spoke with a Doric breadth of accent. Cockburn was one of the most popular men north of the Tweed."[5] He was a member of the famous Speculative Society, to which Sir Walter Scott, Henry Brougham and Francis Jeffrey belonged.

The extent of Cockburn's literary ability only became known after he had passed his seventieth year, on the publication of his biography of lifelong friend Lord Jeffrey in 1852, and from his chief literary work, the Memorials of his Time, which appeared posthumously in 1856. His published work continued with his Journal, published in 1874. These constitute an autobiography of the writer interspersed with notices of manners, public events, and sketches of his contemporaries, of great interest and value.

Statue of Lord Cockburn by William Brodie
14 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, the town house of Lord Cockburn

Cockburn entered the Faculty of Advocates in 1800, and attached himself, not to the party of his relatives, who could have afforded him most valuable patronage, but to the Whig party, and that at a time when it held out few inducements to men ambitious of success in life. He became a distinguished advocate, and ultimately a judge. He was one of the leaders of the Whig party in Scotland in its days of darkness prior to the Reform Act of 1832, and was a close friend of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder.

On the accession of Earl Grey's ministry in 1830 he became Solicitor General for Scotland. During his time here he drafted the First Scottish Reform Bill.[5] In 1834 he was raised to the bench, and on taking his seat as a Judge in the Court of Session he adopted the title of Lord Cockburn as a Scottish Lord of Session.[6]

Family

Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn, his family, David Octavius Hill and John Henning by Robert Adamson, 1840s.
Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn by Robert Scott Moncrieff.

Cockburn married Elizabeth Macdowall (Glasgow, Lanarkshire, 1 March 1786 – 1857), daughter of James Macdowall and second wife Margaret Jamieson, in Edinburgh, Midlothian, on 12 March 1811. As was common in the period he had both a town house and country house. The country house was at Bonaly, on the south-west edge of Edinburgh. His town house was a hugely impressive house at 14 Charlotte Square, designed by Robert Adam and lying at the heart of the fashionable west end of the city.[7] They had five sons and five daughters:[6][8]

The authors Alec Waugh and Evelyn Waugh, the journalist Claud Cockburn, Claudia Cockburn (wife of actor Michael Flanders) and author Sarah Caudwell were all descended from Cockburn, as are journalists Laura Flanders, Stephanie Flanders, Alexander Cockburn (husband of author Emma Tennant), Andrew Cockburn (husband of journalist Leslie Cockburn) and Patrick Cockburn (son-in-law of Bishop Hugh Montefiore) and actress Olivia Wilde (former wife of Tao Ruspoli).[10]

Death and legacy

Cockburn's grave in the Dean Cemetery

Cockburn died on 26 April 1854, at his mansion of Bonaly, near Edinburgh and is buried in the city's Dean Cemetery. A statue of Cockburn by local sculptor William Brodie stands in the north-east corner of Parliament Hall.

Cockburn Street, built in the 1850s to connect the High Street with the North British Railway's 'Waverley' station, is also named after him, and the building at its foot (formerly the "Cockburn Hotel") bears his image in profile in a stone above the entrance.

Cockburn depicted on a building in Cockburn Street, Edinburgh

Cockburn had a strong interest in architectural conservation, particularly in Edinburgh, where several important historic buildings such as "John Knox's House" and Tailors' Hall in the Cowgate owe their continued existence to the change in attitude towards conservation which he helped bring about. The Cockburn Association (Edinburgh Civic Trust), founded in 1875, was named in his honour.

Cockburn was played by Russell Hunter in Cocky, a one-man play which was effectively a dramatisation of his memoirs, broadcast on BBC Scotland.

References

  1. ↑ Cockburn: Thomas H. Cockburn-Hood, The House of Cockburn of That Ilk and the Cadets Thereof… (Edinburgh, 1888), p. 152.
  2. 1 2 3  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cockburn, Henry Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 624–625.
  3. ↑ "Janet Rannie". Geni.com. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  4. ↑ https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf
  5. 1 2 Monuments and Statues of Edinburgh, Michael T.R.B. Turnbull (Chambers)p. 53
  6. 1 2 Peter Beauclerk Dewar, editor, Burkes Landed Gentry of Great Britain – The Kingdom in Scotland, 19th ed. – volume 1 (Wilmington, Delaware, USA: Burke's Peerage and Gentry LLC, 2001), volume 1, page 884.
  7. ↑ http://digital.nls.uk/directories/browse/pageturner.cfm?id=83400051&mode=transcription
  8. ↑ thepeerage.com Henry Thomas Cockburn of Bonaly, Lord Cockburn
  9. ↑ England and Wales National Probate Calendar, 1893, p. 90: "Cockburn Francis Jeffrey of 2 Kent-avenue Ealing Middlesex gentleman died 10 July 1893 Probate London 25 August to Eliza Anne Cockburn widow Henry Cockburn esquire and Robert Henry Kinsey surgeon Effects £4019 16s. 4d."
  10. ↑ Monuments and Statues of Edinburgh, Michael T.R.B. Turnbull (Chambers) p. 54
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Legal offices
Preceded by
John Hope		 Solicitor General for Scotland
1830–1834 		Succeeded by
Andrew Skene
Academic offices
Preceded by
The Marquess of Lansdowne		 Rector of the University of Glasgow
1831—1834 		Succeeded by
Lord Stanley
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