Japanese community of Düsseldorf

Eko House of Japanese Culture
NEC Europe headquarters in Düsseldorf

There is a Japanese community in Düsseldorf, Germany. In 2008 the Consulate-General of Japan in Düsseldorf (German: Japanisches Generalkonsulat Düsseldorf, Japanese: 在デュッセルドルフ日本国総領事館) stated that about 11,000 Japanese, including both permanent and temporary residents and German-born citizens of Japanese ancestry live in Düsseldorf. Since the 1950s Düsseldorf has hosted over 500 Japanese companies.[1]

In 1985 the general manager of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Düsseldorf, Akira Arikawa, stated that of all of the cities in the world outside Japan, Düsseldorf had the highest concentration of Japanese residents.[2]

History

In 1950 there was one Japanese person registered as living in Düsseldorf.[3] Beginning in the mid-1950s the Japanese companies returning to Germany in the post-World War II period were mostly settling in Düsseldorf,[4] while in the pre-World War II period the Japanese population was concentrated in Hamburg.[5] Arikawa stated that the Japanese settlement began when ten businesspersons from Tokyo, trying to buy metal ore and machinery for Japan, established their businesses in Düsseldorf. Due to this settlement, information about the Ruhr region circulated within Japanese companies.[2] 300 Japanese were registered as living in the city by 1960. The Japanese Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1966. There were 100 Japanese companies in the Düsseldorf area in 1968.[3]

Due to Düsseldorf's central location within Europe and proximity to other areas in Europe, its location in the Ruhr industrial area, and the proximity to the seaport Duisburg, Japanese companies had a preference for Düsseldorf as they established European operations in the 1970s.[5] By 1973 2,000 Japanese were registered as living in Düsseldorf and 200 Japanese companies were located in the area. By 1980 the number of Japanese companies had increased to 300.[3] As of 1985 there were 6,000 Japanese residents.[2] In 1990 there were 30 Japanese production facilities in the city. By 1992, 7,443 Japanese were registered as living in the city.[3]

Due to the reunification of Germany making Berlin the capital of the country, the decline in the Japanese economy, and the European Single Market causing Japanese companies to move to places with lower costs, since 1992 there had been a decline in the Japanese community. Many of the Japanese companies had shifted to the Netherlands. In the late 1990s the Düsseldorf area housed 520 Japanese companies. In 1999 about 4,500 Japanese people lived in and around Düsseldorf. By the late 1990s there were almost no Japanese production facilities in Düsseldorf, or in all of Germany. Due to the infrastructure and support from the Japanese community, including the Japanese school and the Buddhist centre, many companies that had moved out of Düsseldorf in the early 1990s, especially those that had moved to Berlin, began moving back to Düsseldorf by the late 1990s.[3]

In 2001 Harold Kerbo and Patrick Ziltener, authors of the article "Japanese Business in Germany," wrote that "Dusseldorf remains the center for Japanese business activity in Germany."[3]

Geography

Japan Center Düsseldorf, including Hotel Nikko Düsseldorf to the right

As of 1985 Immermann Street had a concentration of Japanese businesses. In 1985 Mark Heinrich of the Associated Press (AP) stated that the Hotel Nikko Düsseldorf on Immermann Street was the center of the Japanese community. Japan Airlines established the hotel in 1978.[2] The Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf is located in Niederkassel,[6] and it previously had a campus in Oberkassel.[2]

Media

In 1977 a weekly Japanese newspaper was established. Düsseldorf resident Tsunejiro Takagi was the publisher of Life in Europe, which was Europe's first Japanese language newspaper and as of 1985 had a circulation of 6,000. Its coverage included European Economic Community (EEC) developments, consumer news, a column on Japanese company representatives, area Japanese sports, and travel news.[2]

Economy

Shochiku (松竹 Shōchiku) Japanese supermarket

As of 1985 300 Japanese multinational companies operated in the Düsseldorf area and had invested over $600 million U.S. dollars in that area. As of that year, the multinationals included Mitsubishi and Nippon Steel.[2]

As of the 2010s about 421 Japanese companies had operations in the Düsseldorf area.[7]

Demographics

As of 1985 over 90% of ethnic Japanese households in West Germany had an affluent corporate executive as the head of the household. This executive often stays in Germany for three to five years.[2]

As of 1985 company employees arriving in Germany often move into residences formerly occupied by those returning to Japan.[2]

As of 2005 the Japanese population was about one third of that of London.[8]

As of the 2010s 6,500 Japanese resided in the city.[7]

Culture

Eric Zielke, a professor at University of Düsseldorf, stated around 1985 that Japanese often only interact with Germans when doing and being involved with business. He concluded that "the Japanese have no particular interest in becoming integrated into German society" because many are in Germany for only a three to five-year period, and that "The Japanese form a colony, remaining unobtrusive and keeping to themselves."[2]

Education

Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf

The Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf, a Japanese international school, is in Düsseldorf. It opened in 1971 and gained a permanent building in 1973.[9] In 1985 the school had 880 students.[2] The Japanische Ergänzungsschule in Düsseldorf (デュッセルドルフ日本語補習校 Dyuserudorufu Nihongo Hoshūkō), a Japanese weekend school, is a part of the institution.[10]

Transport

In the northern hemisphere spring of 1985, Japan Airlines started a flight from Tokyo to Düsseldorf on a twice weekly basis.[2]

In 2014 All Nippon Airways established a flight from Tokyo to Düsseldorf.[11] Previously ANA had a dedicated shuttle bus from Düsseldorf to Frankfurt Airport so passengers may board ANA flights at the airport, but the bus service was discontinued after ANA began its Düsseldorf flights.[7] The bus stopped at the Radisson Blu Scandinavia Hotel.[12]

Institutions

The Consulate-General of Japan, Düsseldorf is located in the city.

Recreation

The Japan Day in Düsseldorf is held annually.

Notable residents

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Okamura, p. 91.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Heinrich, Mark. "Corporate Japanese colony sprouts in West German city." Associated Press at the Houston Chronicle. Sunday November 224, 1985. Page 1, Section 4. Available from NewsBank, Record Number HSC112453511. Available online from the Houston Public Library with a library card. "Duesseldorf has the highest percentage of Japanese residents of any city outside Japan, says Akira Arikawa, general manager of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry here. The lure: business opportunities in the highly industrialized Ruhr region."
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kerbo and Ziltener, p. 230.
  4. ↑ Kerbo and Ziltener, p. 229-230.
  5. 1 2 Kerbo and Ziltener, p. 229.
  6. ↑ "デュッセルドルフ日本人学校トップ." Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf. Retrieved on 1 January 2014. "Niederkasseler Kirchweg 38, 40547 Düsseldorf GERMANY"
  7. 1 2 3 "Yokoso! All Nippon Airways (ANA) to Offer Daily Connection between Düsseldorf and Tokyo Starting March 30." Press release from ANA at the website of convention bureau DÜSSELDORF. Retrieved on October 26, 2016.
  8. ↑ White, Paul. "The Japanese in London: From transience to settlement?" In: Goodman, Roger, Ceri Peach, Ayumi Takenaka, and Paul White (editors). Global Japan: The Experience of Japan's New Immigrant and Overseas Communities. Routledge, June 27, 2005. ISBN 1134431457, 9781134431458. p. 89.
  9. ↑ "Outline of the school." (Archive) Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf. Retrieved on 1 January 2014.
  10. ↑ Home page (Archive). Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf. Retrieved on 31 March 2014.
  11. ↑ "ANA kommt täglich nach Düsseldorf". Flug Revue. 2013-12-18. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
  12. ↑ "ANA Shuttle-Bus" (Archive). All Nippon Airways. Retrieved on October 29, 2016.

Further reading

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