Japanese cruiser Yahagi (1942)

Yahagi off of Sasebo, Nagasaki in December 1943
History
Empire of Japan
Name:	Yahagi
Ordered:	1939 Fiscal Year
Builder:	Sasebo Naval Arsenal
Laid down:	11 November 1941
Launched:	25 October 1942
Commissioned:	29 December 1943 [1]
Struck:	20 June 1945
Fate:	Sunk 7 April 1945 by USN aircraft south of Kyūshū 30°47′N 128°08′E / 30.783°N 128.133°E
General characteristics
Class and type:	Agano-class cruiser
Displacement:	6,652 t (6,547 long tons) (standard); 7,590 t (7,470 long tons) (loaded)
Length:	174.5 m (573 ft)
Beam:	15.2 m (50 ft)
Draught:	5.63 m (18.5 ft)
Propulsion:	4 shaft Gihon geared turbines 6 Kampon boilers 100,000 shp
Speed:	35 knots (65 km/h)
Range:	6,300 nautical miles (11,670 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h)
Complement:	736
Armament:	6 × 152 mm Type 41 guns (3 × 2) 4 × 8cm/60 Type 98 naval guns (2x2), 2 × triple Type 96 25 mm AA guns, 2 × twin 13 mm machine guns 8 × 610 mm torpedo tubes (4x2) 48 naval mines
Armor:	Belt 60 mm (2.4 in) Deck 20 mm (0.79 in)
Aircraft carried:	2 x floatplanes
Aviation facilities:	1 aircraft catapult

Yahagi (矢矧) was an Agano-class cruiser which served with the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II.^[2]

Background

Yahagi was the third of four vessels completed in the Agano class of light cruisers, which were intended to replace increasingly obsolete light cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Funding was authorized in the 4th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme of 1939, although construction was delayed due to lack of capacity in Japanese shipyards. Like other vessels of her class, Yahagi was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla.^[3]

Design

The design for the Agano class was based on technologies developed by the experimental cruiser Yūbari, resulting in a graceful and uncluttered deck line and single smokestack.^[3]

Yahagi was armed with six 152 mm Type 41 guns in three gun turrets.^[3] Secondary armament included four 8cm/60 Type 98 naval guns designed specifically for the class, in two twin turrets amidships. Anti-aircraft weapons included two triple 25 mm AA guns in front of the bridge, and two twin 13 mm mounts near the mast.^[3] Yahagi also had two quadruple torpedo launchers for Type 93 torpedoes located below the flight deck, with eight reserve torpedoes.^[3] The torpedo tubes were mounted on the centerline, as was more common with destroyers, and had a rapid reload system with eight spare torpedoes. Being mounted on the centerline allowed the twin launchers to fire to either port or starboard, meaning that a full eight-torpedo broadside could be fired, whereas a ship with separate port and starboard launchers can only fire half of its torpedoes at a time. Two depth charge rails and 18 depth charges were also installed aft. Yahagi was also equipped with two Aichi E13A aircraft and had a flight deck with a 26-foot catapult.^[3]

The engines were a quadruple-shaft geared turbine arrangement with six boilers in five boiler rooms, developing 100,000 shp (75,000 kW) for a maximum speed of 35 knots (65 km/h).

Service career

Early career

Built at Sasebo Naval Arsenal, Yahagi was laid down on 11 November 1941, launched on 25 October 1942 and completed on 29 December 1943.^[4] On completion, she was assigned as flagship of Destroyer Squadron 10 of the IJN 3rd Fleet. In February 1944 she was dispatched to Singapore for training and for patrols of the Lingga Islands.

In May, Yahagi departed Singapore for Tawi Tawi with the aircraft carriers Taihō, Zuikaku and Shōkaku and cruisers Myōkō and Haguro as part of Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's “First Carrier Striking Force” to oppose the American Fifth Fleet in a "decisive battle" off Saipan. Yahagi was command ship for DesDiv 10's Asagumo, DesDiv 17's Urakaze, Isokaze and Tanikaze, DesDiv 61's Wakatsuki, Hatsuzuki, Akizuki and Shimotsuki, screening the aircraft carriers.^[5]

Battles in the Philippines

The Battle of the Philippine Sea began on 19 June 1944. The “First Carrier Striking Force” attacked USN Task Force 58, but suffered overwhelming aircraft losses in what was latter nicknamed the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot". Yahagi escaped the battle unharmed, and together with Urakaze rescued 570 crewmen from the carrier Shōkaku after it was torpedoed by USS Cavalla (SS-244).^[5]

After dry dock and refitting at Kure Naval Arsenal from late June to early July 1944, Yahagi was fitted with two additional triple-mount Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun mounts amidships (bringing its total to 48 barrels) and a Type 13 air-search and a Type 22 surface-search radar set. On 8 July 1944, Yahagi departed Kure with troops, and numerous battleships, cruisers and destroyers and returned to Singapore via Manila.^[5]

On 22 October 1944, Yahagi was in the Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Second Section of Force "A" of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's First Mobile Striking Force: (Center Force), commanding DesRon 10's DesDiv 2's Kiyoshimo, DesDiv 4's Nowaki and DesDiv 17's Urakaze, Yukikaze, Hamakaze and Isokaze. She was accompanied by battleships Kongō and Haruna and cruisers Tone, Chikuma, Kumano and Suzuya. During the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea on 24 October 1944, the fleet endured 11 raids by over 250 Task Force 38 carrier aircraft from the USS Enterprise, Essex, Intrepid, Franklin, Lexington and Cabot. Although the battleship Musashi was sunk and Yamato and Nagato were hit, Yahagi was unscathed.^[5]

Likewise in the Battle off Samar on 25 October 1944, Yahagi fought her way through the battle without damage. On 26 October 1944, Force A was attacked by 80 carrier aircraft off Panay, followed by 30 USAAF B-24 Liberator heavy bombers and an additional 60 carrier-based aircraft. Throughout these attacks Yahagi was not hit and returned to Brunei safely.^[5]

Yahagi sinking

End of the Imperial Japanese Navy

On 16 November 1944, DesRon 10 was deactivated and Yahagi was assigned as the flagship of Rear Admiral Keizō Komura's new DesRon 2. Yahagi was ordered back to Japan on the same day for refit, returning safely to Sasebo on 24 November. She remained in Japanese home waters until March 1945.^[5]

On 6 April 1945, Yahagi received orders for "Operation Ten-Go", to attack the American invasion force off Okinawa. Yahagi was ordered to accompany Yamato on its final suicide mission against the American fleet. The operation also included the destroyers Isokaze, Hamakaze, Yukikaze, Kasumi, Hatsushimo, Asashimo, Fuyuzuki and Shimotsuki.^[5]

At 1220 on 7 April 1945 the Yamato force was attacked by waves of 386 aircraft (180 fighters, 75 bombers, 131 torpedo planes) from Task Force 58.

Light cruiser Yahagi under intense bomb and torpedo attack^[6]

At 12:46, during the first wave, a torpedo hit Yahagi directly in her engine room, killing the entire engineering room crew and bringing her to a complete stop. Dead in the water, Yahagi was hit by at least six more torpedoes and 12 bombs by succeeding waves of air attacks. Isokaze attempted to come to Yahagi's aid but was attacked, heavily damaged, and sank sometime later. Yahagi capsized towards her starboard side, and sank at 14:05 at 30°47′N 128°08′E / 30.783°N 128.133°ECoordinates: 30°47′N 128°08′E / 30.783°N 128.133°E taking 445 crewmen with her. Rear Admiral Komura and Captain Tameichi Hara were among the survivors rescued by Hatsushimo and Yukikaze. Her survivors could see Yamato in the distance, still steaming south as U.S. aircraft continued their attacks. However, in reality, Yamato was only minutes away from sinking.^[7] Yahagi was removed from the navy list on 20 June 1945.^[4]

Notes

1. Lacroix, Japanese Cruisers, p. 794.
2. Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X. page 111-112
3. Stille, Imperial Japanese Navy Light Cruisers 1941-45 , pages 34-39;
4. Nishida, Hiroshi (2002). "Agano-class light cruisers". Imperial Japanese Navy.
5. Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. "Combined Fleet.com Agano class". Retrieved 2006-06-14. |tabular record: CombinedFleet.com: ‘‘Yahagi’’ history
6. CombinedFleet.com
7. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, 298.

References

• Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
• D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
• Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
• Feifer, George (2001). "Operation Heaven Number One". The Battle of Okinawa: The Blood and the Bomb. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-215-5.
• Hara, Tameichi (1961). "The Last Sortie". Japanese Destroyer Captain. New York & Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-1-59114-354-3. OCLC 255849609. — First-hand account of the battle by the captain of the Japanese cruiser Yahagi.
• Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
• Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
• Lacroix, Eric; Wells, Linton (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.
• Skulski, Janusz (1989). The Battleship Yamato. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-019-X.
• Spurr, Russell (1995). A Glorious Way to Die: The Kamikaze Mission of the Battleship Yamato, April 1945. Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-248-9.
• Stille, Mark (2012). Imperial Japanese Navy Light Cruisers 1941-45. Osprey. ISBN 1-84908-562-5.
• Williams, Mike (2012). Jordan, John, ed. Yahagi - One Light Cruiser at Leyte Gulf. Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 81–97. ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9.
• Whitley, M.J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-141-6.

External links

• Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. "Combined Fleet.com Agano class". Retrieved 2006-06-14. | tabular record: CombinedFleet.com: ‘‘Yahagi’’ history
• Nishida, Nishida (2002). "Agano-class light cruisers". Imperial Japanese Navy.