Japanese military aircraft designation systems
The Japanese military aircraft designation systems for the Imperial period (pre-1945) had multiple designation systems for each armed service. This led to the Allies' use of code names during World War II, and these code names are still better known in English-language texts than the real Japanese names for the aircraft. A number of different schemes were simultaneously in use.
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (Japanese: 大日本帝國海軍航空隊, Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Koukuu-tai) (IJNAS) used several different aircraft designation systems simultaneously. Between 1931 and 1945, aircraft had Shi numbers designating the specification they were designed to. They also had a long form of Type and Model Number system used between 1920 and 1943, a short designation system akin to that of the United States Navy in use between the late 1920s and 1945, a system of popular names introduced to replace type numbers from 1943 through 1945.
Specification Shi numbers
Japanese Navy specifications from 1931 were given an experimental, or Shi number, based on the year of the Emperor's reign the specification was issued in. Since multiple specifications could be issued in a year, the number was disambiguated with the aircraft purpose.[1]
During the period this designation system was in use, the Emperor in question was Hirohito, the Showa Emperor, thus the years of Showa were those used, which began in 1926.
Thus, the Mitsubishi Zero was designed to meet the 1937 specification called 12-shi carrier fighter.
Long Type and Model Number system
After 1929, aircraft types were given a type number based on the last two digits of the year as counted from the mythical founding of Japan in 660BC by Emperor Jimmu. Added to this was a brief description of the aircraft's function. The Mitsubishi Zero was so-called because entered service in 1940 which was the Japanese year 2600, thus it was designated Type 0 Carrier Fighter.[2]
Model numbers were added to show subtypes. By the late 1930s these were two digits, the first being airframe revisions, the second engine revisions.[3]
The system was abandoned in 1943, when it was decided that it gave away too much information about the aircraft.
Short system
In the late 1920s a short designation scheme was adopted, which was strikingly similar to the 1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system. This scheme used a letter or two letters to designate a type of aircraft, a number to indicate the number in series of that type of aircraft, and finally a letter to designate the manufacturer. Unlike the US Navy system, the Japanese system did not have a different number series for each manufacturer, and did not omit the number "1".[4]
Thus, the Zero's type in this designation system was A6M, which meant the sixth type of carrier fighter under this designation system, and that it was built by Mitsubishi.
Variants were indicated by an additional number at the end; repurposing an aircraft was indicated by a dash and then the new type letter.[4]
Sometimes two aircraft were ordered from different manufacturers to the same specification at the same time, generally as insurance against the primary design not working out. In this case, the same series number was used for both.
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Popular names
After July 1943, names were given to Navy aircraft instead of type designations. These names were given according to a scheme based on the aircraft's role.
- Fighters: Weather and meteorological names
- Carrier fighters and seaplane fighters: Wind names usually ending with pu or fu (風)
- Interceptors: Lightning names ending in den (電)
- Night fighters: Light names ending in ko (光)
- Attack planes: Mountains names ending in zan (山)
- Bombers: Star or constellation names usually ending in sei (星)
- Patrol: Sea or ocean names ending in kai (海)
- Reconnaissance: Cloud names ending in un (雲)
- Trainers: Trees, plants and flowers
- Transports: Sky names ending in ku (空)
- Miscellaneous: Landscape names
Special cases include kamikaze aircraft such as Special Attackers Ohka ("Cherry blossom"; designed from the start as such) and Kikka ("Orange blossom"; believed to be considered for this role), aircraft that employed non-conventional (i.e. non-propeller-driven) propulsion scheme like rocket-powered interceptor Shūsui (poetic term meaning "Sharp Sword"), and aircraft used for non-conventional deployments such as Special Attacker Seiran ("Mountain Haze"; deployed from submarines to strike targets behind the frontline and expected to be ditched upon returning to motherships). Both Ohka and Kikka are named after the fruit trees in the gardens of the Imperial Palace.
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (often called the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force (大日本帝國陸軍航空隊、大日本帝國陸軍航空部隊 Dainippon Teikoku Rikugun Kōkūtai, Dainippon Teikoku Rikugun Kōkūbutai) (IJAAS) used a straightforward system based on year of service and type, nearly identical to the Navy's long type and model number system. This system was used from 1927. The "Ki" (キ; abbreviation of kitai = airframe) designation was also used and became prominent in later years.
Long Type and Model Number system
The first part of the designation was a two-digit type number based on the Japanese year in which the aircraft entered service. A minor exception was the year 1940 (2600), for which the type number 100 rather than zero was used. This was followed by a description of the aircraft's function.[6] If there were two or more aircraft with the same type and function, the latter was enhanced to further differentiate them. An example is the Type 2 single-seat fighter (the Nakajima Ki-44) and the Type 2 two-seat fighter (Kawasaki Ki-45).
Major modifications (such as a different engine) were indicated with a subtype number, officially in kanji but often in Roman numerals. Small-scale modifications (such as armament) are indicated with a Japanese ordinal (甲,乙,丙), or "kai"(改) if the modification was large but not enough for a new type number.[7]
Short designation ("Ki" number)
The "Ki" airframe designation indicates the project number (written in Arabic numerals), and was assigned in sequence to all projects regardless of manufacturer or type.[2]
Popular names
Popular names such as "Hayabusa" (the Nakajima Ki-43) were not part of the official designation.
Calendars and Type numbers
Data from: [8]
| Gregorian Calendar Year |
Type number (Army & Navy) |
Imperial Japanese Calendar Year |
Nengo Calendrical Era |
Navy experimental Shisaku number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | Type 10 (Taisho) | 2581 | Taisho 10 | |
| 1922 | Type 11 (Taisho) | 2582 | Taisho 11 | |
| 1923 | Type 12 (Taisho) | 2583 | Taisho 12 | |
| 1924 | Type 13 (Taisho) | 2584 | Taisho 13 | |
| 1925 | Type 14 (Taisho) | 2585 | Taisho 14 | |
| 1926 (to 25 Dec.) | Type 15 (Taisho) | 2586 (to 25 Dec.) | Taisho 15 | |
| 1926 (from 26 Dec.) | 2586 (from 26 Dec.) | Showa 1 | ||
| 1927 | Type 87 | 2587 | Showa 2 | |
| 1928 | Type 88 | 2588 | Showa 3 | |
| 1929 | Type 89 | 2589 | Showa 4 | |
| 1930 | Type 90 | 2590 | Showa 5 | |
| 1931 | Type 91 | 2591 | Showa 6 | 6-Shi |
| 1932 | Type 92 | 2592 | Showa 7 | 7-Shi |
| 1933 | Type 93 | 2593 | Showa 8 | 8-Shi |
| 1934 | Type 94 | 2594 | Showa 9 | 9-Shi |
| 1935 | Type 95 | 2595 | Showa 10 | 10-Shi |
| 1936 | Type 96 | 2596 | Showa 11 | 11-Shi |
| 1937 | Type 97 | 2597 | Showa 12 | 12-Shi |
| 1938 | Type 98 | 2598 | Showa 13 | 13-Shi |
| 1939 | Type 99 | 2599 | Showa 14 | 14-Shi |
| 1940 | Type 100 or 0 | 2600 | Showa 15 | 15-Shi |
| 1941 | Type 1 | 2601 | Showa 16 | 16-Shi |
| 1942 | Type 2 | 2602 | Showa 17 | 17-Shi |
| 1943 | Type 3 | 2603 | Showa 18 | 18-Shi |
| 1944 | Type 4 | 2604 | Showa 19 | 19-Shi |
| 1945 | Type 5 | 2605 | Showa 20 | 20-Shi |
Designation table
This is a sortable table giving all the various designations and names of Japanese Military aircraft from circa 1925 to 1945. Data from :[9] and [[10]]
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service aircraft designations
| Service | Short Designation | Manufacturer | Official Designation | Experimental Designation (Navy), Role (Army) | Name | Allied Reporting Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IJNAS | A1N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 3 Carrier Fighter | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | A2N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 90 Carrier Fighter | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | A3N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 90 Training Fighter | Single-engined two-seat biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | A4N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 95 Carrier Fighter | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | A5M | Mitsubishi | 九六式艦上戦闘機 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier Fighter | 9-shi Carrier Fighter | CLAUDE | also given reporting name SANDY in error | |
| IJNAS | A5M4-K | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Training Fighter | Two-seat training fighter variant of A5M | |||
| IJNAS | A5M4-K | Watanabe | Watanabe Navy Type 2 Training Fighter | 15-shi Fighter-Trainer | Two-seat training fighter variant of A5M | ||
| IJNAS | A6M | Mitsubishi | 零式艦上戦闘機 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter | 12-shi Carrier Fighter | 零戦 – Reisen | ZEKE (HAMP / HAP / RAY) | |
| IJNAS | A6M2-K | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Training Fighter | ZEKE | |||
| IJNAS | A6M5-K | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Training Fighter | ZEKE | |||
| IJNAS | A6M2-N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 2 Fighter Seaplane | 15-shi Fighter Seaplane | RUFE | ||
| IJNAS | A7M | Mitsubishi | 17-shi Ko Type Carrier Fighter | 烈風 – Reppu – Storm Wind | SAM | ||
| IJNAS | A7M3-J | Mitsubishi | 17-Shi Otsu(B) Type Interceptor Fighter Reppu Kai | ||||
| IJNAS | A7He | Heinkel | Type He Air Defence Fighter | JERRY | Heinkel He 112B-0 | ||
| IJNAS | A8V | Seversky | Type S Two-seat Fighter | DICK | Seversky 2PA-B3 | ||
| IJNAS | AXB | Boeing | Type B Carrier Fighter | One Boeing Model 100 tested | |||
| IJNAS | AXG | Canadian Car | Type G Carrier Fighter | One Grumman FF-1 tested | |||
| IJNAS | AXD | Dewoitine | Type D Carrier Fighter | One Dewoitine D.510 tested | |||
| IJNAS | AXH | Hawker | Type H Carrier Fighter | One Hawker Nimrod tested | |||
| IJNAS | AXHe | Heinkel | Type He Interceptor Fighter | Three Heinkel He 100D-0 tested; production in Japan by Hitachi cancelled | |||
| IJNAS | AXV | Vought | Type V Interceptor Fighter | One Vought V-143 tested | |||
| IJNAS | B1M | Mitsubishi | 一三式艦攻 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 13 Carrier Attack Bomber | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | B2M | Mitsubishi | 八九式艦攻 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 89 Carrier Attack Bomber | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | B3Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 92 Carrier Attack Bomber | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 (Kugisho Naval Arsenal) | |||
| IJNAS | B4M | Mitsubishi | 9-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | Biplane | |||
| IJNAS | B4N | Nakajima | 9-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | Unsuccessful competitor to Kugisho B4Y1 | |||
| IJNAS | B4Y | Kugisho | 九六式艦攻 – Kugisho Navy Type 96 Carrier Attack Bomber | 9-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | JEAN | ||
| IJNAS | B5M | Mitsubishi | 九七式二号艦攻 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 97-2 Carrier Attack Bomber | 10-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | MABEL | ||
| IJNAS | B5N | Nakajima | 九七式艦攻 – Nakajima Navy Type 97-1 Carrier Attack Bomber and Nakajima Navy Type 97-3 Carrier Attack Bomber | 10-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | KATE | ||
| IJNAS | B5N1-K | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 97 Model 1 Attacker-Trainer | KATE | Trainer version of B5N | ||
| IJNAS | B6N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Carrier Attack Bomber Tenzan | 14-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | 天山 – Tenzan – Heavenly Mountain | JILL | |
| IJNAS | B7A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Carrier Attack Bomber Ryusei | 16-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | 流星 – Ryusei – Shooting Star | GRACE | |
| IJNAS | BXN | Northrop | Northrop 2E Gamma bomber 2 imported. | ||||
| IJNAS | C1M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 10 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 10 Carrier Attack Aircraft (Torpedo Bomber?) | Mitsubishi 1MT | Single-engined triplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | C2N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Fokker Reconnaissance Aircraft | Japanese-built Fokker Super Universal; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | C3N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 97 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft | 10-shi Carrier (Land) Reconnaissance | Single-engined monoplane; not proceeded with | ||
| IJNAS | C4A | Aichi | 13-Shi High-speed Reconnaissance Plane | Project only | |||
| IJNAS | C5M | Mitsubishi | 九八式陸上偵察機 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 98 Reconnaissance Aircraft | BABS | |||
| IJNAS | C6N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Carrier Reconnaissance Plane Saiun | 17-shi Carrier (Land) Reconnaissance | 彩雲 – Saiun – Painted Cloud | MYRT | |
| IJNAS | C6N1-S2 | Nakajima | Night Fighter | 17-shi Carrier (Land) Reconnaissance | 彩雲 – Saiun – Iridescent Cloud | MYRT | |
| IJNAS | CXP1 | Potez | One imported for diesel experiments | ||||
| IJNAS | D1A1 | Aichi | 九四式艦爆 – Aichi Navy Type 94 Carrier Bomber | 8-shi Carrier Dive Bomber | SUSIE | ||
| IJNAS | D1A2 | Aichi | Aichi Navy Type 96 Carrier Bomber | SUSIE | |||
| IJNAS | D2N | Nakajima | 8-Shi Carrier Bomber | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi D1A1 | |||
| IJNAS | D2Y | Kugisho | 8-Shi Carrier Bomber | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi D1A1 | |||
| IJNAS | D3A | Aichi | 九九式艦爆 – Aichi Navy Type 99 Carrier Bomber | 11-shi Carrier Dive Bomber | VAL | ||
| IJNAS | D3M | Mitsubishi | 11-Shi Carrier Bomber | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi D3A1 | |||
| IJNAS | D3N | Nakajima | 11-Shi Carrier Bomber | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi D3A1 | |||
| IJNAS | D3Y1-K | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Training Bomber Myojo | 明星 - Myoujou – Venus | |||
| IJNAS | D3Y2-K | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Training Bomber Myojo | Myoujou – Venus | |||
| IJNAS | D4Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Carrier Bomber Suisei | 17-shi Carrier Dive Bomber | 彗星 – Suisei – Comet | JUDY | (may have been given the reporting name DOT in error) |
| IJNAS | D4Y1-C | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 2 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft | JUDY | |||
| IJNAS | D4Y2-Ca | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 2 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft | JUDY | |||
| IJNAS | D5Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Special Attacker Myojo Kai | – | |||
| IJNAS | DXD | Douglas | Type D Attack Plane | One Douglas DB-19 tested | |||
| IJNAS | DXHe | Heinkel | Type He Attack Plane | One Heinkel He 118V4 tested | |||
| IJNAS | E1Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 14-1 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E2N | Nakajima | 一五式水上偵察機 – Nakajima Navy Type 15 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E3A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Type 90-1 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E4N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 90-2 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E4N2-C | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 90-2-3 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E5K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 90-3 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E5Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Type 14-2 Kai-1 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E6Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 91 Reconnaissance Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | E7K | Kawanishi | 九四式水上偵察機 – Kawanishi Navy Type 94 Reconnaissance Seaplane | 7-shi Sea Reconnaissance | ALF | ||
| IJNAS | E8A | Aichi | 8-Shi Reconnaissance Seaplane | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi E8N1 | |||
| IJNAS | E8K | Kawanishi | 8-Shi Reconnaissance Seaplane | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi E8N1 | |||
| IJNAS | E8N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 95 Reconnaissance Seaplane | 8-shi Sea Reconnaissance | DAVE | ||
| IJNAS | E9W | Watanabe | Watanabe Navy Type 96 Small Reconnaissance Seaplane | 9-shi Sea Reconnaissance | SLIM | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |
| IJNAS | E10A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Type 96 Night Reconnaissance Seaplane | 9-shi Sea Reconnaissance | HANK | Single-engined biplane flying boat; obsolete in 1941 | |
| IJNAS | E10K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 94 Transport Seaplane | 9-shi Sea Reconnaissance | Single-engined biplane flying boat; obsolete in 1941 | ||
| IJNAS | E11A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Type 98 Night Reconnaissance Seaplane | 11-shi Sea Reconnaissance | LAURA | ||
| IJNAS | E11K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 96 Transport Seaplane | 11-shi Sea Reconnaissance | Unsuccessful competitor to Aichi E11A1; three prototypes modified as transports | ||
| IJNAS | E12A | Aichi | 12-Shi Two-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | E12K | Kawanishi | 12-Shi Two-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | E12N | Nakajima | 12-Shi Two-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | E13A | Aichi | 零式水上偵察機 – Aichi Navy Type 0 Reconnaissance Seaplane | 12-shi Sea Reconnaissance | JAKE | ||
| IJNAS | E13K | Kawanishi | 12-Shi Three-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | E14W | Watanabe | 12-Shi Small Reconnaissance Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | E14Y | Kugisho | 零式小型水上偵察機 – Kugisho Navy Type 0 Small Reconnaissance Seaplane | 12-shi Sea Reconnaissance | GLEN | ||
| IJNAS | E15K | Kawanishi | 二式高速度水上偵察機 - Kawanishi Navy Type 2 High-speed Reconnaissance Seaplane Shiun | 14-shi Sea Reconnaissance | 紫雲 – Shiun – Purple Cloud | NORM | |
| IJNAS | E16A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Reconnaissance Seaplane Zuiun | 16-shi Sea Reconnaissance | 瑞雲 – Zuiun – Happy Cloud | PAUL | |
| IJNAS | F1A | Aichi | 10-Shi Observation Seaplane | Unsuccessful competitor to Mitsubishi F1M1 | |||
| IJNAS | F1K | Kawanishi | 10-Shi Observation Seaplane | Unsuccessful competitor to Mitsubishi F1M1 | |||
| IJNAS | F1M | Mitsubishi | 零式水上観測機 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Observation Seaplane | 10-shi Sea Observation | PETE | ||
| IJNAS | G1M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 93 Attack Bomber | 7-shi Land Attacker | Twin-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | ||
| IJNAS | G1M | Mitsubishi | 8-shi Land Attacker | Long Range Research Plane. Different from 7-shi | |||
| IJNAS | G2H | Hiro | 九五式陸上攻撃機 – Hiro Navy Type 95 Attack Bomber | 7-shi Land Attacker | Twin-engined monoplane; obsolete in 1941 | ||
| IJNAS | G3M | Mitsubishi | 九六式陸攻 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Attack Bomber | 9-shi Land Attacker | NELL | ||
| IJNAS | G4M | Mitsubishi | 一式陸攻 – Mitsubishi Navy Type 1 Attack Bomber | 12-shi Land Attacker | BETTY | ||
| IJNAS | G5N | Nakajima | 13-Shi Attack Bomber Shinzan | 深山 – Shinzan – Deep Mountain | LIZ | ||
| IJNAS | G6M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 1 Wingtip Convoy Fighter | BETTY | |||
| IJNAS | G6M1-K | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 1 Large Land Trainer | BETTY | |||
| IJNAS | G6M1-L2 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 1 Transport | BETTY | |||
| IJNAS | G7M | Mitsubishi | 16-Shi Attack Bomber Taizan | Taizan – Great Mountain | Project only | ||
| IJNAS | G8N | Nakajima | 18-Shi Attack Bomber Renzan | 連山 – Renzan – Mountain Chain | RITA | ||
| IJNAS | G9K | Kawanishi | 17-Shi Attack Bomber | Project only | |||
| IJNAS | G10N | Nakajima | Super Heavy Bomber Fugaku | 富岳 – Fugaka – Mount Fuji | |||
| IJNAS | H1H | Hiro | Hiro Navy Type 15 Flying boat | Twin-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | H2H | Hiro | Hiro Navy Type 89 Flying boat | Twin-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | H3H | Hiro | Hiro Navy Type 90-1 Flying boat | Three-engined monoplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | H3K | Kawanishi | 九〇式二号飛行艇 – Kawanishi Navy Type 90-2 Flying boat | BELLE | Three-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | ||
| IJNAS | H4H | Hiro | Hiro Navy Type 91 Flying boat | Twin-engined monoplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | H5Y | Kugisho | 九九式飛行艇 – Kugisho Navy Type 99 Flying boat | 9-shi Flying Boat | CHERRY | ||
| IJNAS | H6K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 97 Flying boat | 9-shi Flying Boat | MAVIS | ||
| IJNAS | H6K2-L | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 97 Transport Flying boat | MAVIS | |||
| IJNAS | H6K4-L | Kawanishi | 九七式大型飛行艇 – Kawanishi Navy Type 97 Transport Flying boat | MAVIS | |||
| IJNAS | H7Y | Kugisho | 12-Shi Special Flying boat | TILLIE | Project only. | ||
| IJNAS | H8K | Kawanishi | 二式大型飛行艇 – Kawanishi Navy Type 2 Flying boat | 13-shi Flying Boat | EMILY | ||
| IJNAS | H8K2-L | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Transport Flying boat Seiku | 晴空 – Seiku – Sunny Sky | EMILY | ||
| IJNAS | H9A | Aichi | 二式練習飛行艇 – Aichi Navy Type 2 Training Flying boat | 13-shi Flying Boat | |||
| IJNAS | H10H | Hiro | 14-Shi Medium Flying boat | Project only | |||
| IJNAS | H11K1-L | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Large-size Transport Flying boat Soukuu | 蒼空 – Soukuu – Blue Sky | 4-engine transport flying boat project with nose clamshell doors | ||
| IJNAS | HXC | Consolidated | Type C Flying boat | One Consolidated P2Y-1 tested | |||
| IJNAS | HXD | Douglas | Type D Flying boat | Two Douglas DF tested | |||
| IJNAS | HXP | Potez | 1 Potex 452 flying boat imported for evaluation | ||||
| IJNAS | J1N | Nakajima | 13-Shi Three-seat Fighter | ||||
| IJNAS | J1N1-C | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 2 Reconnaissance Aircraft | IRVING | |||
| IJNAS | J1N1-R | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 2 Reconnaissance Aircraft | 13-shi Land Reconnaissance | |||
| IJNAS | J1N1-S | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Night Fighter Gekko | 13-shi Night Fighter | 月光 – Gekko – Moon Light | IRVING | |
| IJNAS | J2M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Interceptor Fighter Raiden | 14-shi Interceptor | 雷電 – Raiden – Thunderbolt | JACK | |
| IJNAS | J3K | Kawanishi | 17-Shi Otsu (B) Type Interceptor Fighter | ||||
| IJNAS | J4M | Mitsubishi | 17-Shi Otsu (B) Type Interceptor Fighter Senden | 閃電 – Senden – Flushing Lightning | LUKE | ||
| IJNAS | J5N | Nakajima | 18-Shi Otsu (B) Type Interceptor Fighter Tenrai | 天雷 – Tenrai – Heavenly Thunder | |||
| IJNAS | J6K | Kawanishi | 18-Shi Otsu (B) Type Interceptor Fighter Jinpu | 陣風 – Jinpu – Squall | |||
| IJNAS | J7W | Watanabe | 18-Shi Otsu (B) Type Interceptor Fighter Shinden | 震電 – Shinden – Resounding Lightning | |||
| IJNAS | J8M | Mitsubishi | 19-Shi Rocket-Powered Interceptor Fighter Shusui | 秋水 – Shusui – Sharp Sword | |||
| IJNAS | Kikka | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy jet fighter, 皇国二号兵器 – Kōkoku Nigō Heiki – Imperial Weapon No.2 | 橘花 – Kikka – Wild Orange Blossom | First Japanese jet aircraft. | ||
| IJNAS | K1Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 13 Training Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; obsolete in 1941 | |||
| IJNAS | K2Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 3 Primary Trainer | ||||
| IJNAS | K3M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 90 Operations Trainer | PINE | |||
| IJNAS | K4Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 90 Training Seaplane | ||||
| IJNAS | K5Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 93 Advanced Trainer | WILLOW | |||
| IJNAS | K6K | Kawanishi | 11-Shi Advanced Trainer Seaplane | Cancelled Single-engined biplane | |||
| IJNAS | K6M | Mitsubishi | 11-Shi Advanced Trainer Seaplane | Cancelled Single-engined biplane | |||
| IJNAS | K6W | Watanabe | 11-Shi Advanced Trainer Seaplane | Cancelled Single-engined biplane | |||
| IJNAS | K7M | Mitsubishi | 11-Shi Crew Trainer | Cancelled Twin-engined monoplane | |||
| IJNAS | K8K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Type 0 Primary Trainer Seaplane | 12-shi Primary Trainer Seaplane | Single-engined biplane; fifteen built | ||
| IJNAS | K8P | Nihon | 12-Shi Primary Trainer Seaplane | Cancelled Single-engined biplane | |||
| IJNAS | K8W | Watanabe | 12-Shi Primary Trainer Seaplane | Cancelled Single-engined biplane | |||
| IJNAS | K9W | Watanabe | Kyushu Navy Type 2 Primary Trainer Momiji | 14-shi Trainer | 紅葉 – Kouyou – Red Leaf | CYPRESS | |
| IJNAS | K10W | Watanabe | Kyushu Navy Type 2 Intermediate Trainer | 14-shi Land Middle Trainer | OAK | Also used as target tug | |
| IJNAS | K11W | Watanabe | Kyushu Navy Operations Trainer Shiragiku | 15-shi Trainer | 白菊 – Shiragiku – White Chrysanthemum | ||
| IJNAS | KXA | North American | Type A Intermediate Trainer | Two North American NA-16 tested | |||
| IJNAS | KXBu | Bücker | Type Bu Primary Trainer | Bücker Bü 131 | |||
| IJNAS | KXC | Caudron | Type C Trainer | One Caudron C-600 tested | |||
| IJNAS | KXHe | Heinkel | Type He Trainer | One Heinkel He 72 tested | |||
| IJNAS | KXJ | Junkers | Type J Trainer | One Junkers A-50 tested | |||
| IJNAS | KXL | Lockheed | Type L Trainer | One Lockheed 10 Electra tested | |||
| IJNAS | L1N | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 97 Transport | THORA | |||
| IJNAS | L2D | Douglas/Nakajima/Showa | Navy Type D Transport & Showa Navy Type 0 Transport | TABBY | licence built Douglas DC-3 | ||
| IJNAS | L3Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 96 Transport | TINA | Converted Mitsubishi G3M | ||
| IJNAS | L4M | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Army Type 100 Transport | TOPSY | |||
| IJNAS | L5? | Unidentified transport | No details | ||||
| IJNAS | L6? | Unidentified transport | No details | ||||
| IJNAS | L7P | Nihon | 13-Shi Small Amphibious Transport | Cancelled Single-engined monoplane | |||
| IJNAS | LXC | Curtiss-Wright | Type C Amphibious Transport | One Curtiss-Wright CA-1 Commuter aka (Curtiss Courtney) tested | |||
| IJNAS | LXD | Douglas | Type D Transport | One Douglas DC-4E tested | |||
| IJNAS | LXF | Fairchild | Type F Amphibious Transport | one Fairchild A942 tested. | |||
| IJNAS | LXG | Tokyo Gas-Electric | Special Liaison Transport | Commercial Tokyo Gas-Electric KR-2 for VIP use. | |||
| IJNAS | LXG | Grumman | Grumman Amphibian Flying Boat | One Grumman G-21 Goose tested | |||
| IJNAS | LXHe | Heinkel | Type He Transport | One Heinkel He 70 tested. | |||
| IJNAS | LXK | Kinner | Type K Transport | One Kinner Envoy tested. | |||
| IJNAS | LXM | Airspeed | Type M Transport | Two Airspeed Envoys tested. | |||
| IJNAS | M6A | Aichi | Aichi Navy Special Attack Bomber Seiran | 17-shi special Attacker | 晴嵐 – Seiran – Mountain Haze | ||
| IJNAS | M6A1-K | Aichi | Aichi Navy Special Attack Training Bomber Nanzan | 南山 – Nanzan – Southern Mountain | |||
| IJNAS | MXJ1 | Nihon | Navy Primary Training Glider Wakakusa | 17-shi Exp. Research Plane | 若草 – Wakakusa – Young Grass | Two-seat glider | |
| IJNAS | MXY1 | Kugisho | Test Aircraft | MXY1 | Single-engined research aircraft | ||
| IJNAS | MXY2 | Kugisho | Test Aircraft | MXY2 | Single-engined research aircraft | ||
| IJNAS | MXY3 | Kugisho | Target Glider | MXY3 | Radio-controlled target drone | ||
| IJNAS | MXY4 | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 1 Target Aircraft | MXY4 | Radio-controlled target drone | ||
| IJNAS | MXY5 | Kugisho | Transport Glider | MXY5 | Assault glider; twelve built | ||
| IJNAS | MXY6 | Kugisho | Ente-type Glider | MXY6 | |||
| IJNAS | MXY7 | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Suicide Attacker Ohka | MXY7 | 桜花 – Ohka – Cherry Blossom | BAKA | |
| IJNAS | MXY8 | Kugisho | Kugisho Training Glider Akigusa | MXY8 | 秋草 – Akigusa – Autumn Grass | ||
| IJNAS | MXY9 | Kugisho | Kugisho Trainer Shuka | MXY9 | 秋火 – Shuka | Rocket Intercepter practice glider (may also have been a non-flying replica of Mitsubishi A6M) | |
| IJNAS | MXY10 | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Bomber Ginga Ground Decoy | MXY10 | Non-flying replica of Kugisho P1Y1 | ||
| IJNAS | MXY11 | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Type 1 Attack Bomber Ground Decoy | MXY11 | Non-flying replica of Mitsubishi G4M | ||
| IJNAS | MXZ1 | Mizuno | 17-shi Exp. Research Plane | Basic training glider | |||
| IJNAS | N1K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Fighter Seaplane Kyofu | 15-shi Fighter Seaplane | 強風 – Kyofu – Strong Wind | REX | |
| IJNAS | N1K1-J | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Interceptor Fighter Shiden | 紫電 – Shiden – Violet Lightning | GEORGE | Landplane development of Kyofu; | |
| IJNAS | N1K2-J | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Interceptor Fighter Shiden Kai | – | GEORGE | Landplane; | |
| IJNAS | N1K5-J | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Interceptor Fighter Shiden Kai | – | GEORGE | Landplane; | |
| IJNAS | N1K2-K | Kawanishi | Kawanishi Navy Training Fighter Shiden Kai Rensen | – | GEORGE | Landplane | |
| IJNAS | P1Y | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Bomber Ginga | 15-shi Land Bomber | 銀河 – Ginga – Galaxy | FRANCES (FRANCIS in error) | |
| IJNAS | P1Y1-S | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Night Fighter Byakko | 15-shi Night Fighter | Byakko – White Light | ||
| IJNAS | P1Y2-S | Kugisho | Kugisho Navy Night Fighter Kyokko | 15-shi Night Fighter | Kyokko – Aurora | ||
| IJNAS | Q1W | Watanabe | Kyushu Navy Patrol Plane Tokai | 17-shi Patrol | 東海 – Tokai – Eastern Sea | LORNA | |
| IJNAS | Q2M | Mitsubishi | 19-Shi Patrol Plane Taiyo | Taiyo – Ocean | Projected twin-engined ASW patrol bomber | ||
| IJNAS | Q3W | Watanabe | Kyushu Navy Patrol Plane Nankai | Nankai – Southern Sea | |||
| IJNAS | R1Y | Kugisho | 17-Shi Reconnaissance Plane Seiun | Seiun – Cloud of Dawn | |||
| IJNAS | R2Y | Kugisho | 18-Shi Reconnaissance Plane Keiun | 景雲 – Keiun – Beautiful Cloud | |||
| IJNAS | S1A | Aichi | 18-Shi Hei C Type Night Fighter Denko | 電光 – Denko – Bolt of Lightning | |||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 6-shi Carrier Fighter | Dive-bomber needed instead | ||||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | 7-shi Carrier Fighter | Mitsubishi 1MF10 - Low-wing monoplane | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 7-shi Carrier Fighter | Navy variant of IJA Type 91 Fighter | ||||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | 8-shi Carrier Fighter | Mitsubishi Ka-8 - Two-seat fighter - Crashed during experimental flight | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 8-shi Carrier Fighter | Cancelled | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 9-shi Carrier Fighter | Navy Type of IJA Ki-11 | ||||
| IJNAS | Aichi | 7-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | Biplane | ||||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | 7-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | Biplane | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 7-shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker | Biplane | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 6-shi Carrier Dive Bomber | Crashed during experimental flight | ||||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | 7-shi Carrier Dive Bomber | |||||
| IJNAS | Aichi | 6-shi Night Reconnaissance Flying Boat | Night Recon. Seaplane (flying boat biplane)[11] | ||||
| IJNAS | Aichi | 7-shi Reconnaissance Seaplane | Competitor to E7K[12] | ||||
| IJNAS | Navy Suicide Attacker Ohka | Sukukaze – Cool Breeze | OMAR | Fictional | |||
| IJNAS | Experimental Special Attacker1 | Toka – Wisteria | |||||
| IJNAS | Experimental Attack Plane1 | Tozan – Eastern Mountain | |||||
| IJNAS | Aichi | Type 97 Reconnaissance Seaplane? | BOB | Misidentification | |||
| IJNAS | Aichi | Type 98 Bomber Float Plane? | IONE | Misidentification | |||
| IJNAS | Type 99 Four Engine Flying Boat? | JOAN | Misidentification | ||||
| IJNAS | Aichi | Type 99 Single Engine Dive Bomber Seaplane? | |||||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | Type 1 Single Seat Fighter? | ZEKE | Misidentification | |||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | Type 96 Carrier Fighter? | SANDY | Misidentification | |||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | Nakajima Navy Type 97 Seaplane Fighter | ADAM | fictional | |||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | Type 1 Dive Bomber? | DOT | Misidentification | |||
| IJNAS | E7K | Nakajima | Type 97 Seaplane Fighter | ADAM | Misidentification | ||
| IJNAS | Ka-1 | Kayaba | カ号観測機 – Ka-Gō Artillery spotter | Based on Kellett KD-1 autogyro | |||
| IJNAS | Type 99 Flying Boat | JOAN | Misidentification of MAVIS or CHERRY | ||||
| IJNAS | Type T.K.19 Fighter | JOE | Fictional | ||||
| IJNAS | Type 99 Dive Bomber Seaplane | JUNE | Misidentified floatplane VAL | ||||
| IJNAS | Nagoya | Sento-ki 001 | Sento-ki 001 Carrier Fighter | JUNE | Misidentified A6M | ||
| IJNAS | Ka-2 | Kayaba | Improved version of the Ka-1 |
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service aircraft designations
| Service | Short Designation | Manufacturer | Official Designation | Experimental Designation (Navy), Role (Army) | Name | Allied Reporting Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IJAAS | Ka-go | Kayaba | Ka-go Observer | Observation | Artillery observation autogyro | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-1 | Mitsubishi | 九三式重爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 93 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | Monoplane | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-2 | Mitsubishi | 九三式双発軽爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 93 Twin-Engined Light Bomber | L. Bomber | LOUISE | Monoplane | |
| IJAAS | Ki-3 | Kawasaki | 九三式単発軽爆撃機 – Kawasaki Army Type 93 Single-Engined Light Bomber | L. Bomber | Biplane | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-4 | Nakajima | Nakajima Army Type 94 Reconnaissance | Recon. | Biplane | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-5 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Inverted gull-wing | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-6 | Nakajima | Nakajima Army Type 95 Model 2 Trainer | Operation Trainer | High-wing Monoplane | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-7 | Mitsubishi | Operation Trainer | Competitor to Ki-6 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-8 | Nakajima | Fighter | Inverted gull-wing | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-9 – 立川 キ9 | Tachikawa | 九五式一型練習機 – Tachikawa Army Type 95 Model 1 Trainer | Trainer | SPRUCE | Called "churen" (middle-trainer) | |
| IJAAS | Ki-10 | Kawasaki | 九五式戦闘機 – Kawasaki Army Type 95 Fighter | Fighter | Last IJA fighter biplane | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-11 | Nakajima | Fighter | Competitor to Ki-10 monoplane | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-12 | Nakajima | Fighter | Retractable gear | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-13 | Nakajima | Attacker | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-14 | Mitsubishi | Co-operation Recon. | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-15 – 三菱 キ15 | Mitsubishi | 九七式司令部偵察機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 97 Headquarter Reconnaissance | HQ Recon. | Karigane – Wild Goose | BABS | Used by Navy as C5M |
| IJAAS | Ki-16 | Nakajima | Fuel Transport | Douglas DC-2 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-17 – 立川 キ17 | Tachikawa | 九五式三型練習機 – Tachikawa Army Type 95 Model 3 Trainer | Trainer | Shoren – Primary Trainer | CEDAR | |
| IJAAS | Ki-18 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Experimental Army version of A5M | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-19 | Nakajima | H. Bomber | Competitor to Mitsubishi Ki-19 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-19 | Mitsubishi | H. Bomber | Renamed to Ki-21 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-20 | Mitsubishi | 九二式重爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 92 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | Militarized Junkers G-38 | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-21 – 三菱 キ21 | Mitsubishi | 九七式重爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 97 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | SALLY / GWEN | IJA workhorse bomber | |
| IJAAS | Ki-22 | Kawasaki | H. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-23 | Fukuda | Glider | Sailplane | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-24 | Tachikawa | Glider | Primary | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-25 | Tachikawa | Glider | Secondary | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-26 | Tachikawa | Glider | Sailplane | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-27 – 中島 キ27 | Nakajima | 九七式戦闘機 – Nakajima Army Type 97 Fighter | Fighter | NATE / CLINT | Army still used in 1940s | |
| IJAAS | Ki-28 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Competitor to Ki-27 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-29 | Tachikawa | L. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-30 – 三菱 キ30 | Mitsubishi | 九七式軽爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 97 Light Bomber | L. Bomber | ANN | Competitor to Ki-32 | |
| IJAAS | Ki-31 | Nakajima | L. Bomber | Cancelled competition to Ki-28 & Ki-30. | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-32 – 川崎 キ32 | Kawasaki | 九八式軽爆撃機 – Kawasaki Army Type 98 LIght Bomber | L. Bomber | MARY | Competitor to Ki-30 | |
| IJAAS | Ki-33 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Competitor to Ki-27. Similar to Navy A5M. | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-34 – 中島 キ34 | Nakajima | 九七式輸送機 – Nakajima Army Type 97 Transport | Transport | THORA | Commercial AT-2 | |
| IJAAS | Ki-35 | Mitsubishi | Co-operation Recon. | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-36 – 立川 キ36 | Tachikawa | 九八式直接協同偵察機 – Tachikawa Army Type 98 Co-operation Reconnaissance | Co-operation Recon. | IDA | Fixed undercarriage | |
| IJAAS | Ki-37 | Nakajima | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-38 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Became Ki-45 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-39 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-40 | Mitsubishi | HQ Recon. | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-41 | Nakajima | Transport | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-42 | Mitsubishi | H. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-43 – 中島 キ43 | Nakajima | 一式戦闘機 隼 – Nakajima Army Type 1 Fighter | Fighter | 隼 – Hayabusa – Peregrine Falcon | OSCAR | IJA workhorse fighter |
| IJAAS | Ki-44 – 中島 キ44 | Nakajima | 二式単座戦闘機 – Nakajima Army Type 2 Single-seat Fighter | Fighter | 鍾馗 – Shoki – Demon | TOJO (JOHN duplicate code name) | Interceptor |
| IJAAS | Ki-45 – 川崎 キ45 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Cancelled due to engine problems | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-45 Kai – 川崎 キ45改 | Kawasaki | 二式複座戦闘機 – Kawasaki Army Type 2 Twin-seat Fighter | Fighter | 屠龍 – Toryu – Brave Dragon | NICK | Became night fighter with upward-firing guns. |
| IJAAS | Ki-46 – 三菱 キ46 | Mitsubishi | 一〇〇式司令部偵察機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 100 HQ Reconnaissance | HQ Recon. | DINAH | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-47 | Mitsubishi | L. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-48 – 川崎 キ48 | Kawasaki | 九九式双発軽爆撃機 – Kawasaki Army Type 99 Twin-engined Light Bomber | L. Bomber | LILY | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-49 – 中島 キ49 | Nakajima | 一〇〇式重爆撃機 – Nakajima Army Type 100 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | 呑龍 – Donryu – Storm Dragon | HELEN | |
| IJAAS | Ki-50 | Mitsubishi | H. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-51 – 三菱 キ51 | Mitsubishi | 九九式襲撃機/軍偵察機Mitsubishi Army Type 99 Attacker / Army Reconnaissance | Attacker / Army Recon. | SONIA | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-52 | Nakajima | Dive Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-53 | Nakajima | Fighter | Multi-seat High-speed Fighter. Project only | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-54a – 立川 キ54 | Tachikawa | 一式双発高等練習機 – Tachikawa Army Type 1 Twin-engined Advanced Trainer | Trainer | HICKORY | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-54b | Tachikawa | Tachikawa Army Type 1 Operations Trainer | Trainer | HICKORY | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-54c | Tachikawa | Tachikawa Army Type 1 Transport | Transport | HICKORY | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-55 – 立川 キ55 | Tachikawa | 九九式高等練習機 – Tachikawa Army Type 99 Advanced Trainer | Trainer | IDA | Ki-36 variant. Named "koren" (advanced trainer) | |
| IJAAS | Ki-56 – 川崎 キ56 | Kawasaki | 一式貨物輸送機 – Kawasaki Army Type 1 Cargo Transport | Transport | THALIA | Type Ro Transport variant | |
| IJAAS | Ki-57 – 三菱 キ57 | Mitsubishi | 一〇〇式輸送機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 100 Transport | Transport | TOPSY | Commercial MC-20 and Navy L4M | |
| IJAAS | Ki-58 | Nakajima | Escort | Ki-49 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-59 – 国際 キ59 | Kokusai | 一式輸送機 – Kokusai Army Type 1 Transport | Transport | THERESA | Commercial TK-3 | |
| IJAAS | Ki-60 | Kawasaki | Fighter | with DB601 engine | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-61 – 川崎 キ61 | Kawasaki | 三式戦闘機 – Kawasaki Army Type 3 Fighter | Fighter | 飛燕 – Hien – Flying Swallow | TONY | |
| IJAAS | Ki-62 | Nakajima | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-63 | Nakajima | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-64 | Kawasaki | Fighter | ROB | Engines mounted front and rear of cockpit | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-65 | Mitsubishi | Attacker | Project for successor to Ki-51 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-65 | Manshu | Fighter | Heavy fighter project | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-66 | Kawasaki | Dive Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-67 – 三菱 キ67 | Mitsubishi | 四式重爆撃機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 4 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | 飛龍 – Hiryū – Flying Dragon | PEGGY | Also used as Torpedo bomber and Interceptor. |
| IJAAS | Ki-68 | Nakajima | Bomber | Long-range bomber project | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-69 | Mitsubishi | Escort | Ki-67 variant project | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-70 | Tachikawa | HQ Recon. | CLARA | Cancelled | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-71 | Manshu | Attacker | EDNA | Ki-51 with retractable undercarriage | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-72 | Tachikawa | Co-operation Recon. | Ki-36 variant project | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-73 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | STEVE | Cancelled | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-74 | Tachikawa | Recon. Bomber | PATSY (initially PAT) | Long-range Bomber | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-75 | Nakajima | Fighter | Multi-seat Fighter with Pressure cockpit. Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-76 – 国際 キ76 | Kokusai | 三式指揮連絡機 – Kokusai Army Type 3 Command Liaison | Utility | STELLA | Also used for anti-submarine patrol | |
| IJAAS | Ki-77 | Tachikawa | A-26 長距離機 – Long-range experimental | Research | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-78 | Tokyo University | 研三高速研究機 – High-speed Experimental "Ken-3 | research | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-79 – 満州 キ79 | Manshu | 二式高等練習機 – Manshu Army Type 2 Advanced Trainer | Trainer | Ki-27 variant | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-80 | Nakajima | Formation Commander | Ki-49 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-81 | Kawasaki | Formation Commander | Ki-48 variant. Project only | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-82 | Nakajima | H. Bomber | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-83 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Long-range fighter | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-84 – 中島 キ84 | Nakajima | 四式戦闘機 – Nakajima Army Type 4 Fighter | Fighter | 疾風 – Hayate – Gale | FRANK | |
| IJAAS | Ki-85 | Kawasaki | Bomber | Army version of G5N1 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-86 | Kokusai | Kokusai Army Type 4 Basic Trainer | Trainer | CYPRESS | Bücker Bü 131 | |
| IJAAS | Ki-87 | Nakajima | Fighter | High altitude fighter | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-88 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Pusher | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-89 | Kawasaki | Experimental | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-90 | Mitsubishi | Bomber | Long-range bomber project | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-91 | Kawasaki | Bomber | Long-range bomber | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-92 | Tachikawa | Transport | Large transport | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-93 | Rikugun | Attacker | 57 mm gun mounted under fuselage | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-94 | Tachikawa | Fighter | Twin-boom high-altitude fighter | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-95 | Mitsubishi | HQ Recon. | Ki-83 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-96 | Kawasaki | Fighter | Interceptor | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-97 | Mitsubishi | Transport | Transport variant of Ki-67 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-98 | Manshu | Fighter | Twin-boom pusher | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-99 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-100 – 川崎 キ100 | Kawasaki | 五式戦闘機 – Kawasaki Army Type 5 Fighter | Fighter | Ki-61 variant | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-101 | Nakajima | Fighter | PERRY | Night fighter | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-102 – 川崎 キ102 | Kawasaki | 四式襲撃機 – Kawasaki Army Type 4 Assault Aircraft | Fighter / Attacker | RANDY | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-103 | Mitsubishi | Attacker | Attacker variant of Ki-83 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-104 | Rikugun | Fighter | Ki-94 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-105 | Kokusai | Transport | BUZZARD | Powered Ku-7 | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-106 | Tachikawa | Fighter | Wooden Ki-84 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-107 | Tokyo | Trainer | Wooden primary trainer | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-108 | Kawasaki | Fighter | High-altitude fighter with pressurized cockpit | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-109 – 三菱 キ109 | Mitsubishi | 試作特殊防空戦闘機 – Mitsubishi Army Experimental heavy fighter interceptor | Fighter | Interceptor Ki-67 with 75mm field gun | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-110 | Tachikawa | Transport | Wooden Ki-54 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-111 | Tachikawa | Fuel Transport | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-112 | Mitsubishi | H. Bomber | Wooden Ki-67 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-113 | Nakajima | Fighter | Steel Ki-84 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-114 | Tachikawa | Transport | Wooden Ki-92 | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-115 | Nakajima | Suicide Attack | Tsurugi – Sabre | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-116 | Manshu | Fighter | Ki-84 variant with 1500 hp engine | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-117 | Nakajima | Fighter | Ki-84 variant | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-118 | Mitsubishi | Fighter | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-119 | Kawasaki | Fighter-Bomber | Dive-bomber/torpedo fighter | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-148 | Kawasaki | I-gou type 1 othu | Guided Bomb | launched from Ki-48 bomber | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-200 | Mitsubishi | Army experimental rocket interceptor | 秋水 – Shusui – Sharp Sword | Navy J8M1 | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-201 | Nakajima | Fighter-Bomber | 火龍 Karyū – Fire Dragon | Project only | ||
| IJAAS | Ki-202 | Rikugun | Interceptor | 秋水改 – Shusui–kai – Sharp Sword Improved | Advanced Ki-200 | ||
| IJAAS | Ku-1 | Maeda | Maeda Army Type 2 Small Glider | Transport | Towed by Ki-51 | ||
| IJAAS | Ku-2 | Tokyo University | Research | Tailless research aircraft | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-3 | Tokyo University | Research | Tailless research aircraft | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-4 | Tokyo University | Research | Powered Ku-2. Project only. | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-5 | Fukuda | Trainer | research aircraft | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-6 | Maeda | Gliding Tank | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-7 | Kokusai | transport | Became Ki-105 (powered glider) | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-8 | Kokusai | Kokusai Army Type 4 Special Transport | Transport | GOOSE | Towed by Ki-21 | |
| IJAAS | Ku-8 | Kokusai | Kokusai Army Type 4 Special Transport | Transport | GANDER | Towed by Ki-21 | |
| IJAAS | Ku-9 | Fukuda | Transport | Cancelled | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-10 | Maeda | Trainer | Sailplane for special training | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-11 | Nihon | Transport | Made of wood | |||
| IJAAS | Ku-12 | Fukuda | Trainer | Two-seat secondary glider | |||
| IJAAS | Rikugun | Ta-gou Special Attacker | Suicide Attack | "Ta" was start of "Takeyari" (Bamboo-spear). | |||
| IJAAS | Koube | Te-gou Observer | Observation | Experimental competitor to Ka-go | |||
| IJAAS | Ka 87 | Kawasaki | Kawasaki Army Type 87 Heavy Bomber | H. Bomber | Dornier Do N | ||
| IJAAS | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Army Type 87 Light Bomber | L. Bomber | Army version of Type 13 Carrier Attacker of IJN | |||
| IJAAS | Kawasaki | Kawasaki Army Type 88 Light Bomber | L. Bomber | Type 88 Recon. variant | |||
| IJAAS | Kawasaki | Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft | Recon. | Biplane | |||
| IJAAS | Nakajima | Nakajima Army Type 91 Fighter | Fighter | Parasol | |||
| IJAAS | Kawasaki | Kawasaki Army Type 92 Fighter | Fighter | Biplane | |||
| IJAAS | 2MR8 | Mitsubishi | 九二式偵察機 – Mitsubishi Army Type 92 Reconnaissance | Recon. | Parasol | ||
| IJAAS | Fiat | Type I Heavy Bomber | Heavy Bomber | RUTH | Fiat BR.20 (Italy). Nearly 80 imported. | ||
| IJAAS | Lockheed | Type LO Transport | Transport | THELMA (TOBY) | Lockheed 14WG-3 (USA). | ||
| IJAAS | Vultee | Type 98 Showa Light Bomber | MILLIE | Vultee V-11GB1 | |||
| IJAAS | Heinkel | Type 98 Medium Bomber | BESS | Heinkel He 111 | |||
| IJAAS | Focke-Wulf | FRED | Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-5 | ||||
| IJAAS | Focke-Wulf | TRUDY | Focke-Wulf Fw 200K Kurier | ||||
| IJAAS | Junkers | IRENE | Junkers Ju 87A-1 | ||||
| IJAAS | Junkers | JANICE | Junkers Ju 88A-4 | ||||
| IJAAS | Junkers | TRIXIE | Junkers Ju 52/3m | ||||
| IJAAS | Messerschmitt | DOC | Messerschmitt Bf 110 | ||||
| IJAAS | Messerschmitt | TRIXIE | Messerschmitt Bf 109E | ||||
| IJAAS | Nakajima | Type 97 Fighter? | CLINT | Misidentification | |||
| IJAAS | Nakajima | Type 1 Light Bomber? | JOYCE | Misidentification | |||
| IJAAS | Kawasaki | Type 1 Single Seat Fighter? | JIM | Misidentification | |||
| IJAAS | Kawasaki | Type 97 Medium Bomber? | JULIA | Misidentification | |||
| IJAAS | Ki-21 | Mitsubishi | Type 97 Heavy Bomber | JANE | Misidentification of 'SALLY' | ||
| IJAAS | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Navy Type 97 Fighter | ABDUL | Fictitious version of Type 96 A5M 'Claude' with retractable landing gear. | |||
| IJAAS | Mitsubishi | Type 97 Light Bomber Darai 108 | NORMA | Misidentification of American Bennett BTC-1 aircraft | |||
| IJAAS | Mitsubishi | Type 0 Single Seat Twin Engined Fighter | HARRY | Similar to Fokker D.XXIII; (originally code-named 'Frank.') | |||
| IJAAS | Mitsubishi | Type 0 Medium Bomber? | GWEN | Misidentification | |||
| IJAAS | Medium Bomber (short nose) | DORIS | Misidentification of NICK, LILY or HICKORY | ||||
| IJAAS | Medium Bomber | MAISIE | Misidentification | ||||
| IJAAS | Nakajima | Nakajima/Douglas DC-2 transport | TESS | Six DC-2 aircraft imported from the USA | |||
| IJAAS | Nakajima | Type AT-27 twin-engine fighter | GUS | fictional aircraft from magazine | |||
| Civilian | Mitsubishi | Ohtori | 鳳 Ohtori - Phoenix | EVE | Civilian transport derived from Mitsubishi Ki-2-ii | ||
| IJNAS | Kawanishi | Navy Special Attack Aircraft Baika | 梅花 Baika – Japanese Apricot Blossom | unbuilt pulsejet kamikaze project | |||
| IJNAS | Mitsubishi | 靖国 Yasukuni – | Ki-67-I transferred to Navy as torpedo bomber | ||||
| IJNAS | Mizuno | Navy Special Attack Glider Shinryu | 神龍 Shinryu - Divine Dragon | unbuilt kamikaze interceptor glider project | |||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | Navy Special Attack Bomber Kikka | 橘花 Kikka – Orange blossom | also known as 皇国二号兵器 – Kōkoku Nigō Heiki – Imperial Weapon No.2 | |||
| IJNAS | Nakajima | Navy Suicide Attacker Toka | トカ Toka - Wisteria Blossom | Navy Ki-115 |
See also
- Japanese aircraft engine identification systems
- British military aircraft designation systems
- List of RLM aircraft designations for the Third Reich
- Mark (designation)
- Type (designation)
- World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft
References
- ↑ Francillon 1970, pp.50—51.
- 1 2 Mikesh and Abe 1990, p.2.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, pp.52—53.
- 1 2 Francillon 1970, p.51.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, pp.549—557.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, pp.48—49.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, p.49.
- ↑ Mikesh, Robert; Shorzoe Abe (1990). Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. london: Putnam. ISBN 978-0-85177-840-2.
- ↑ "Aircraft of Imperial Japanese Army". zenibo-milimania.world.coocan.jp. 2001-08-21. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ↑ Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp. 70–71.
- ↑ Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp. 73.
- Francillon, R.J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London:Putnam, 1970. ISBN 0-370-00033-1.
- Mikesh, Robert C. and Abe, Shorzoe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London:Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-840-2.
External links
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