Jerrold Meinwald

Jerrold Meinwald

Meinwald in 2010
Born (1927-01-16) 16 January 1927
New York
Citizenship American
Nationality American
Fields Chemistry
Institutions Cornell University
Alma mater Harvard University
University of Chicago
Notable awards

Jerrold Meinwald (born 1927) is an American chemist known for his work on chemical ecology, a field he co-founded with his late colleague and friend Thomas Eisner. He is currently the Goldwin Smith Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Cornell University. He is author or co-author of well over 400 scientific articles. His interest in chemistry was sparked by fireworks done with his friend Michael Cava when they were still in junior high school. Prof. Meinwald is a music aficionado and studied flute with Marcel Moyse – the world’s greatest flutist of his time.

Career

Jerrold Meinwald studied chemistry at the University of Chicago where he earned his bachelor of science degree in 1948. He then went on to Harvard University where he obtained his Ph.D. with R.B. Woodward in 1952. A DuPont Fellowship brought him to Cornell, where he has spent most of his subsequent career.

Series from a study by Meinwald and Eisner investigating defensive spray in Chlaenius beetles with paper that turns dark in response to chemicals.

Since the early 1960s, he has worked, often in collaboration with Thomas Eisner, on chemical signalling in animals, particularly insects and arthropods; he is regarded as one of the founders of the field of chemical ecology. A particular field of interest was the ways in which insects either use chemicals synthesised by the plants that they feed on, or use those plant chemicals as substrates from which to synthesize their own. A species on which he and Eisner published several times over decades is the moth Utetheisa ornatrix, which collects pyrrolizidine alkaloids from its food source[1] and uses them as a deterrent to predators; the male also uses them as a pheromone[2] and passes them on in its semen to the female who uses them to make her eggs unpalatable.[1][3][4]

In analysing the constituents of plant signalling, he developed a number of retrosynthetic techniques, including the Meinwald Rearrangement where an epoxide is converted to a carbonyl in the presence of a Lewis acid; he has also performed substantial research over forty years in NMR spectroscopy.[5] and in reactions for producing chiral derivatives in order to determine absolute configurations of chiral molecules.[6][7]

In 1981, Meinwald became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[8]

Awards

He won the National Medal of Science in 2012.[9][10] [11] He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1969, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1970, and member of the American Philosophical Society since 1987. Other notable honours:

Publications

References

  1. 1 2 Dussourd DE, Ubik K, Harvis C, Resch J, Meinwald J, Eisner T (1988). "Biparental defensive endowment of eggs with acquired plant alkaloid in the moth Utetheisa ornatrix". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (16): 5992–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5992. PMC 281891Freely accessible. PMID 3413071.
  2. ↑ Conner WE, Eisner T, Vander Meer RK, Guerrero A, Meinwald J. "Precopulatory sexual interaction in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix): Role of a pheromone derived from dietary alkaloids". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9 (3): 227–235. doi:10.1007/BF00302942.
  3. ↑ Eisner T, Meinwald J (1995). "The chemistry of sexual selection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1): 50–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.1.50. PMC 42815Freely accessible. PMID 7816847.
  4. ↑ Dussourd DE, Harvis CA, Meinwald J, Eisner T (1991). "Pheromonal advertisement of a nuptial gift by a male moth (Utetheisa ornatrix)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (20): 9224–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.9224. PMC 52686Freely accessible. PMID 1924385.
  5. ↑ Meinwald J, Lewis A. "Long-range spin-spin couplings in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 83 (12): 2769–2770. doi:10.1021/ja01473a039.
  6. ↑ Weibel DB, Walker TR, Schroeder FC, Meinwald J (2000). "Chiral Silylation Reagents for the Determination of Absolute Configuration by NMR Spectroscopy". Org. Lett. 2 (15): 2381–3. doi:10.1021/ol006162h. PMID 10930289.
  7. ↑ "Chiral Silylation Reagents for the Determination of Absolute Configuration Using NMR Spectroscopy".
  8. ↑ "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Jerrold Meinwald wins National Medal of Science". Cornell Chronicle. October 6, 2014.
  10. ↑ "President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators". The White House. October 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ http://nationalmedals.org/laureates/jerrold-meinwald

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.