Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis

Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	Q77.8
ICD-9-CM	756.59
OMIM	127300
DiseasesDB	31950
GeneReviews	SHOX-Related Haploinsufficiency Disorders

Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis or LWD is a rare pseudoautosomal dominant genetic disorder which results in dwarfism with short forearms and legs (mesomelic dwarfism) and a bayonet-like deformity of the forearms (Madelung's deformity).^[1]

Causes

It is caused by mutations in the SHOX gene found in the pseudoautosomal region PAR1 of the X and Y chromosomes, at band Xp22.33 or Yp11.32.^[2]

SHOX gene deletions have been identified as the major cause of Leri–Weill syndrome.^[3]

Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis is characterized by mesomelic short stature, with bowing of the radius more so than the ulna in the forearms and bowing of the tibia while sparing the fibula.

History

LWD was first described in 1929 by André Léri and Jean A. Weill.^[4]^[5]

References

↑ Benito-Sanz S, Thomas NS, Huber C, et al. (October 2005). "A Novel Class of Pseudoautosomal Region 1 Deletions Downstream of SHOX Is Associated with Léri–Weill Dyschondrosteosis". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77 (4): 533–44. doi:10.1086/449313. PMC 1275603. PMID 16175500.
↑ Gatta V, Antonucci I, Morizio E, et al. (2007). "Identification and characterization of different SHOX gene deletions in patients with Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosys by MLPA assay". J. Hum. Genet. 52 (1): 21–7. doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0074-5. PMID 17091221.
↑ Fukami M, Dateki S, Kato F, et al. (2008). "Identification and characterization of cryptic SHOX intragenic deletions in three Japanese patients with Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis". J. Hum. Genet. 53 (5): 454–9. doi:10.1007/s10038-008-0269-z. PMID 18322641.
↑ synd/1662 at Who Named It?
↑ Léri A, Weill JA (1929). "Une affection congénitale et symétrique du développement osseux. La dyschondrostéose". Bulletins et memoires de la Société medicale des hôpitaux de Paris. 53: 1491–1494.

Osteochondrodysplasia (Q77–Q78, 756.4–756.5)

Osteodysplasia//
osteodystrophy

Diaphysis	Camurati–Engelmann disease

Metaphysis	Metaphyseal dysplasia Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

Epiphysis	Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia

Osteosclerosis	Raine syndrome Osteopoikilosis Osteopetrosis

Other/ungrouped	FLNB Boomerang dysplasia Opsismodysplasia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia McCune–Albright syndrome

Chondrodysplasia/
chondrodystrophy
(including dwarfism)

Osteochondroma

osteochondromatosis
- Hereditary multiple exostoses

Chondroma/enchondroma

enchondromatosis
- Ollier disease
- Maffucci syndrome

Growth factor receptor

FGFR2:	Antley–Bixler syndrome

FGFR3:	Achondroplasia Hypochondroplasia Thanatophoric dysplasia

COL2A1 collagen disease

SLC26A2 sulfation defect

Chondrodysplasia punctata

Other dwarfism

Genetic disorder, protein biosynthesis: Transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

(1) Basic domains

1.2	Feingold syndrome Saethre–Chotzen syndrome

1.3	Tietz syndrome

(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains

2.1	(Intracellular receptor): Thyroid hormone resistance Androgen insensitivity syndrome PAIS MAIS CAIS Kennedy's disease PHA1AD pseudohypoaldosteronism Estrogen insensitivity syndrome X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita MODY 1 Familial partial lipodystrophy 3 SF1 XY gonadal dysgenesis

2.2	Barakat syndrome Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome

2.3	Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome/Pallister–Hall syndrome Denys–Drash syndrome Duane-radial ray syndrome MODY 7 MRX 89 Townes–Brocks syndrome Acrocallosal syndrome Myotonic dystrophy 2

2.5	Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

3.1	ARX Ohtahara syndrome Lissencephaly X2 MNX1 Currarino syndrome HOXD13 SPD1 Synpolydactyly PDX1 MODY 4 LMX1B Nail–patella syndrome MSX1 Tooth and nail syndrome OFC5 PITX2 Axenfeld syndrome 1 POU4F3 DFNA15 POU3F4 DFNX2 ZEB1 Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy Fuchs' dystrophy 3 ZEB2 Mowat–Wilson syndrome

3.2	PAX2 Papillorenal syndrome PAX3 Waardenburg syndrome 1&3 PAX4 MODY 9 PAX6 Gillespie syndrome Coloboma of optic nerve PAX8 Congenital hypothyroidism 2 PAX9 STHAG3

3.3	FOXC1 Axenfeld syndrome 3 Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type FOXC2 Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome FOXE1 Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome FOXE3 Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis FOXF1 ACD/MPV FOXI1 Enlarged vestibular aqueduct FOXL2 Premature ovarian failure 3 FOXP3 IPEX

3.5	IRF6 Van der Woude syndrome Popliteal pterygium syndrome

(4) β-Scaffold factors
with minor groove contacts

4.2	Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome

4.3	Holt–Oram syndrome Li–Fraumeni syndrome Ulnar–mammary syndrome

4.7	Campomelic dysplasia MODY 3 MODY 5 SF1 SRY XY gonadal dysgenesis Premature ovarian failure 7 SOX10 Waardenburg syndrome 4c Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome

4.11	Cleidocranial dysostosis

(0) Other transcription factors

0.6	Kabuki syndrome

Ungrouped

Transcription coregulators

Coactivator:	CREBBP Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome

Corepressor:	HR (Atrichia with papular lesions)

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