Los Angeles bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics

Bids for the
2024 (2024) Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Overview
Games of the XXXIII Olympiad
XVII Paralympic Games
Details
City Los Angeles, United States
Chair Casey Wasserman
NOC United States Olympic Committee (USOC)
Previous Games hosted
1932 Summer Olympics
1984 Summer Olympics

The Los Angeles bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics and Summer Paralympics is an ongoing attempt to bring the 2024 Summer Olympics to the city of Los Angeles. It is one of three candidate cities along with Paris and Budapest.[1][2] Los Angeles was chosen by the United States Olympic Committee on August 28, 2015, after the Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously to back the bid.[3][4]

Los Angeles was the second city submitted by the USOC for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Boston was originally chosen to be the American bid, but withdrew on July 27, 2015, due to potential cost overruns.[5] Los Angeles also originally bid for the USOC's nomination in late 2014, when Boston was chosen over Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco.[6] This is the third United States summer bid since hosting the Centennial Olympic Games (1996) in Atlanta , previously losing in 2012 and 2016.

Los Angeles previously hosted the 1932 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. In addition to being the city's third time hosting the Summer Games, if awarded the 2024 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles will become the first American city to host the Summer games since the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and the first American city to host the game three times. Of note, July 28, 2024, marks the 40th anniversary of Los Angeles' 1984 Summer Olympics and July 30, 2024, marks the 92nd anniversary of the city's 1932 Summer Olympic Games.

Dates

Should Los Angeles win the bid, the Olympic Games would be held from July 19, 2024 to August 4, 2024; while the Paralympic Games would be held from August 21, 2024 to September 1, 2024. If Los Angeles win the bid, it would be the fifth American city to host the Summer Olympics and the second city to host the games three times after London (1908, 1948 and 2012).

Bid history

Initial campaign logo

In 2006, Los Angeles entered the bidding to become the US applicant city for the 2016 Summer Olympics; the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) selected Chicago instead that year. In September 2011, Los Angeles was awarded the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games.[7] In March 2013, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa sent a letter to the USOC stating that the city was interested in bidding to host the 2024 Olympic Games.[8] On September 17, 2013, the L.A. County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved a resolution seeking interest in the games.[9]

On April 26, 2014, the Southern California Committee for the Olympic Games announced its bid proposal for the 2024 Olympics.[10] On July 27, 2015, after Boston withdrew its bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics, Mayor Eric Garcetti stated "I continue to believe that Los Angeles is the ideal Olympic city and we have always supported the USOC in their effort to return the Games to the United States. I would be happy to engage in discussions with the USOC about how to present the strongest and most fiscally responsible bid on behalf of our city and nation."[11]

Los Angeles Steps In

On July 28, 2015, the USOC contacted Los Angeles about the possibility of stepping in as a replacement bidder for the 2024 Summer Games.[12] On August 28, 2015, the Los Angeles City Council gave its support to a possible city bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympic Games. The move by the Ad Hoc Committee on the 2024 Summer Olympics followed a discussion about a joinder agreement that city officials say is needed for the USOC to submit Los Angeles to the IOC as its bid city. In the event the USOC chooses Los Angeles as the nation’s bid city, the agreement would serve as a commitment by city leaders that they will pursue the Games.[13] On September 1, 2015, the LA City Council voted 15-0 to support a bid for the 2024 Olympic Games. Mayor Eric Garcetti began negotiations with the U.S. Olympic Committee without obligating the city financially.[14] The U.S. Olympic Committee finalized its selection moments after the LA City Council's vote.[3][4] On September 3, 2015, Mayor Garcetti, bid chairman Casey Wasserman and U.S. Olympic leaders met with IOC President Thomas Bach in Lausanne, Switzerland, to discuss their plans. Garcetti said in a conference call: "I think it is time for America to bring the Olympics back home.... The United States loves the Olympics and the Olympics loves the United States.".[15] On September 14, 2015, Los Angeles 2024 released a video touting the city's campaign to host the 2024 Summer Olympics.The bid committee also emphasizes population diversity and includes more than a few panoramic shots of downtown with captions touting L.A. as the "Western Capital of the US" and the "Eastern Capital of the Pacific Rim."[16]

On September 23, 2015, Los Angeles 2024 leaders are taking the next steps toward bringing the Olympic Games back to Los Angeles. On Thursday September 24, 2015, LA 2024 Chairman Casey Wasserman will attend a two-day U.S. Olympic Committee assembly in Colorado Springs, where he will meet privately with the USOC's board of directors and speak before a larger group of athletics officials.[17] On September 24, 2015, Los Angeles 2024 named Olympic swimming medalist Janet Evans its vice chair and director of athlete relations.[18] On October 27, 2015, Mayor Eric Garcetti and sports executive Casey Wasserman represented Los Angeles at an international Olympic assembly in Washington, D.C. that week.[19] On November 11, 2015, the Los Angeles 2024 bid committee has added two people to its board of directors Magic Johnson and Maria Elena Durazo as vice chairs.[20] On November 12, 2015, Los Angeles 2024 named Gene Sykes who will take leave from Goldman Sachs to work as an unpaid chief executive for the bid committee.[21]

Sorting out the Politics

On December 15, 2015, the Los Angeles 2024 bid committee said it is close to finalizing a working agreement with the LA City Council. The "memorandum of understanding" would obligate LA 2024 to bring future key contracts before the council. It has received an ad hoc committee approval and soon will be presented to all council members, said Gene Sykes, the chief executive of LA 2024.[22] On December 15, 2015, the Los Angeles bid committee had been focusing on security issues. LA 2024 officials, said they have contacted local, county and state governments to seek help with plans to safeguard the event."It's obviously a very high priority for us," LA 2024 Chief Executive Gene Sykes said in a teleconference after meeting with the U.S. Olympic Committee in New York that Tuesday afternoon.[23] On January 13, 2016, Los Angeles 2024 officials said they are "thrilled to welcome" the construction of a $2-billion-plus,state-of-the-art football stadium in Inglewood and believes the arrival of one—and perhaps two -- NFL teams will bolster its chances.[24]

On January 15, 2016, Los Angeles lawmakers approved an agreement that formally ensures the City Council would have to sign off on the upcoming bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics.Council members contend that the pact with the LA 2024 Committee, known as a memorandum of understanding, will provide needed financial protections as L.A.'s Olympic proposal is developed.[25] On January 25, 2016, the Los Angeles 2024 committee announced that it plans to place its Olympic Village on the UCLA campus.LA 2024 also announced that media members and some Olympic officials would be housed in a 15-acre residential complex USC intends to build.[26] On January 28, 2016, the Los Angeles 2024 bid committee named Anita DeFrantz a long time International Olympic Committee member as senior advisor for legacy, charging her with finding ways to make the Games benefit the region long after the 17-day competition ends.[27] On January 29, 2016, Los Angeles 2024 announced it has hired veteran Olympic executive and consultant Terrence Burns to serve as chief marketing officer.[28] On February 1, 2016, IOC President Thomas Bach made a two-day tour of Los Angeles.[29]

On June 1, 2016, the California State Senate approved a bill that would have the state cover up to $250 million in liabilities if Los Angeles’ bid to host the Summer Olympics in 2024 is approved and the effort goes over budget.[30] On June 2, 2016, the International Olympic Committee confirmed that Los Angeles would proceed to the second stage of bidding for the 2024 Summer Games.[31] On June 8, 2016, the private committee bidding to bring the 2024 Summer Olympics to Los Angeles has added more local labor representation to its board of directors.[32] On August 1, 2016, Former U.S. hockey player Angela Ruggiero — who serves as chief strategy officer for the L.A. bid — was elected as the new chair of the IOC Athletes' Commission.[33]

On July 14, 2016, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution supporting the Los Angeles 2024 Olympic bid. The Congress stated many of the world-class venues to be used in Los Angeles’ 2024 plan for the Games are already built or are planned as permanent facilities; and Los Angeles is positioned to deliver an innovative, fiscally responsible, and sustainable Games in its resolution. Congress advised the IOC that the United States would welcome the holding of the 2024 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games and pledged cooperation and support toward the successful fulfillment of those Games in the highest sense of the Olympic tradition.[34]

On September 22, 2016, LA 2024 revised its bid to host the Summer Games for phase two, removing the Wilson Golf Course and adding the iconic Riviera Country Club to the list of venues and proposing a new cluster of sites in Long Beach for sports such as water polo, BMX and sailing.[35] This cluster would have access by using the Metro Blue Line from the downtown LA cluster.On September 23, 2016, as part of its bid for the 2024 Summer Games, LA 2024 has agreed to terms with the U.S. Olympic Committee on a marketing arrangement that is required but has often been controversial.The Joint Marketing Program Agreement outlines shared responsibilities — and shared income — between the host city and the USOC if Los Angeles is selected.[36] On September 29, 2016, California will provide up to $250 million in guarantees should the city of Los Angeles go over budget in its bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.[37] On October 4, 2016, LA 2024 officials have finalized negotiations with the state of California to add Lake Perris as a rowing and canoe-sprint venue for their Olympic bid.[38] On November 9, 2016, "LA 2024 congratulates President-elect Donald J. Trump and appreciates his longstanding support of the Olympic movement in the United States,” the group in a statement. “We strongly believe the Olympics and LA 2024 transcend politics and can help unify our diverse communities and our world.”.[39]

Taking it Global

On February 16, 2016, LA 2024 unveiled a new logo, slogan and new website. The logo features an angel in the colors of the sunset with wings outstretched and a sun shining from its heart. The slogan is: "Follow the Sun." The logo is created by 72andSunny.[40]

As of February 2016, more than 88% of Angelenos are in favor of the city's hosting the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games bid, according to a survey conducted by Loyola Marymount University, which received 2,425 responses.[41] On February 24, 2016, Kobe Bryant, Will Ferrell, and Jessica Alba lead a cast of local celebrities in a new video pitching Los Angeles for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

The 2 1/2-minute spot, titled "Where will you be in 2024?", was released Wednesday by LA 2024, the private committee that is orchestrating the bid. Familiar scenes of the city's skyline and beaches are interlaced with snippets of young people skateboarding, rowing and fencing. Restaurateur Roy Choi makes an appearance. Mayor Eric Garcetti dribbles a soccer ball down a hallway at City Hall.[42] On February 25, 2016, Los Angeles 2024 officials have partnered with Snapchat in a move they hope will further their campaign to position Los Angeles as the young, innovative choice for the 2024 Summer Olympics.[43] On March 4, 2016, the private committee bidding to bring the 2024 Summer Olympics to Los Angeles will continue its social media campaign on Friday with an online Q&A featuring Chairman Casey Wasserman and former Olympic swimmer Janet Evans on Facebook.[44] On March 7, 2016, the LA 2024 committee has named former Paralympic athlete Candace Cable as a vice chair.[45]

On March 8, 2016, the LA 2024 bid committee announced its athletes' advisory commission during a U.S. Olympic Committee event at The Beverly Hilton.[46] On March 10, 2016, Los Angeles, officials bidding for the 2024 Summer Olympics have turned their focus to temporary facilities that might be needed. Current plans include an elevated track built over the football field at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and a proposal to temporarily convert Figueroa Street into a miles-long promenade for pedestrians and bicyclists.[47]

On April 4, 2016, the private committee bidding to bring the Summer Games back to Los Angeles will have five representatives in Madrid during that week to attend an International Olympic Committee workshop.[48] On April 8, 2016, the LA 2024 committee has launched a series of town hall meetings with Olympic and Paralympic athletes nationwide.[49] On April 15, 2016, the private committee will send six representatives to the SportAccord Convention in Switzerland.[50] On April 22, 2016, International relations have been a priority for LA 2024 over the past few months, with representatives of Los Angeles' Olympic bid committee traveling to visit sports officials around the world.[51] On April 29, 2016, LA 2024 signed on as a sponsor of LA Hacks. Students were asked to create apps that would promote fitness and enhance the fan experience at live sporting events.[52]

On May 10, 2016, LA2024 brought aboard a four-time Olympian and also — more significantly — an International Olympic Committee member. Angela Ruggiero will serve as chief strategy officer for the private committee bidding to bring the Summer Games back to Southern California.[53] On May 23, 2016, LA2024 added Jim Ford, a former investment management firm executive, to its Olympic bid committee as senior adviser.[54]

On June 16, 2016, LA 2024 leaders reacted with surprise at learning that a rival Olympic bidder arrived quietly in town to study venues that form the centerpiece of Los Angeles’ campaign for the 2024 Games. Leaders of the Paris 2024 bid spent several hours Wednesday taking pictures and videotape inside the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Galen Center and a USC housing complex that would serve as a media village, a university spokeswoman said.[55]

On July 12, 2016, Bob Iger chairman and chief executive of The Walt Disney Company, has joined Los Angeles’ campaign to host the 2024 Summer Olympics.[56] On July 29, 2016, LA 2024 officials have released artist renderings of an updated Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and temporary swim stadium that would be used if Los Angeles is awarded the 2024 Summer Olympics.[57]

On July 31, 2016, Mayor Eric Garcetti led a 25-person contingent traveling from Los Angeles to Rio de Janeiro to promote their city's bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics.[58]

In August 2016, news agency Reuters reported that several IOC members may cast ballots for the other candidate cities instead of L.A. as a protest vote against the U.S. for its involvement in the Russian doping allegations that led up to the 2016 Rio Olympics, as well as the 2015 FIFA corruption case (some IOC members are also members of FIFA). Mayor Eric Garcetti acknowledged that there could be some backlash, but the city and the United States Olympic Committee are totally independent of the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency.[59] On September 7, 2016, LA 2024 sent a 16-person delegation to the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro as part of its ongoing campaign to bring the Olympics back to Southern California.[60]

Phase Two

On September 13, 2016, on the one year "to-go mark" before Olympic leaders gather to vote, the LA 2024 bid committee released a video touting its campaign to bring the Summer Games back to Los Angeles. The two-minute spot features a montage of local scenes with narration by children describing their “dream city” while images of LA are shown.[61] On October 7, 2016, LA 2024 officials have once again made adjustments to their proposal for the 2024 Summer Olympics, moving half of a large and potentially expensive media center to the USC campus.[62] On October 21, 2016, the LA 2024 bid committee has once again enlisted U.S. Olympians to help make the case for bringing the Summer Olympics to Los Angeles.[63]

On November 12, 2016, the LA 2024 committee traveled to Doha, Qatar for LA 2024's first presentation to the IOC. Mayor Eric Garcetti and Allyson Felix, the six-time gold medalist sprinter, lead an LA 2024 contingent and presented its bid to an array of Olympic leaders and sports officials at a general assembly for the Assn. of National Olympic Committees.[64] On November 15, 2016, Felix said, "I want to tell you about the America that I love, and the America that needs the Games to help make our nation better — now more than ever...Please don't doubt us. America's diversity is our greatest strength. Diversity is not easy. Diversity is a leap of faith that embraces all faiths. And that's why I believe L.A. is a perfect choice for the 2024 Games, because the face of our city reflects the face of the Olympic movement itself."[65][66] On November 23, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump expressed his support for Los Angeles's 2024 Olympic bid during a phone call with Garcetti.[67] On December 1, 2016, Los Angeles has taken its case for the 2024 Summer Olympics to President-elect Donald Trump. Trump called Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, to express support for the bid.[68] On December 2, 2016, the private bid committee seeking to bring the Olympics back to Southern California for a third time has released a new budget estimating it would spend $5.3 billion to stage the Games.[69]

Slogan & Logo

Los Angeles 2024's slogan, "Follow the Sun", was announced on February 16, 2016 along with a new logo and website.The slogan goes along with their logo which features an angel in the colors of the sunset with wings outstretched and a sun shining from its heart.

Bid Process

Main article: 2024 Summer Olympics

IOC

2024 Olympic Bid Evaluation Commission[70]

Budget

LA is expected to make $161 million on the 2024 Olympics.[85][86]

Revenues

Revenue description[87] OCOG Revenue
(Million $)		 % of Revenue
IOC Contribution $855.0 16.1%
Broadcast of TOP Sponsorships $453.5 8.5%
Domestic Sponsorships $1930.7 36.4%
Sports Ticketing Revenue $1473.5 27.8%
Licensing and Merchandise $225.5 4.2%
Other Revenues $368.5 6.9%
Total revenues $5,306.7 100%

Costs

Cost description OCOG
(Million $)		 Non-OCOG
(Million $)
Venue Infrastructure $1198.3
Olympic Stadium $300.0 $500.0
Olympic Village $0 TBD
IBC / MPC $130.0 TBD
Ceremonies $176.8
Sport, Games Services & Operations $922.6
Key Services
Technology $565.6
People Management $695.8
Communications, Marketing & Look $194.2
Corporate Administration $220.5
Other Expenses $841.0
Insurances
Contingency / 10.2% of budget $491.9
Total Costs $5,306.7
Net Position $0

Sustainability

For LA2024 Committee, sustainability in terms of infrastructure, economics and environment are one of the key points of Olympic Agenda 2020, a great priority for IOC.[88][89][90][91]

Transport and Infrastructure

LAX is investing more than USD 1.9 billion into the new Tom Bradley International Terminal. Passengers now have access to a 14,000 square meter Great Hall featuring more than 60 premier dining and luxury retail shops, and 23,000 square meters of duty-free shops. LAX is modernizing every single terminal and the airside experience – a USD 8.5 billion project – and investing USD 5 billion in the construction of landside improvements, runway rehabilitation, terminal renovations, improved baggage handling, security and communications improvements, and improved ground access and circulation in the surrounding street network. LAX will also further expand its capacity through the construction of a new Midfield Concourse Terminal, which will have 11 new gates by 2019. All budgeted and paid for by the City of Los Angeles and work commenced in 2008. Scheduled for completion by 2023.[92] It is considered to be the largest public works project in the history of the City.[93]

The Los Angeles Metro passed a county wide measure expanding the county of Los Angeles' transportation tax for modernization of its infrastructure in 2008. This measure provides funding for many of the highest priority projects, including the Crenshaw/LAX Line connecting to LAX, Purple Line Extension subway to UCLA, the Regional Connector light rail subway line corridor thru Downtown LA and five other transit lines and projects in the draft stages. The Purple Line and Crenshaw/LAX connectors are to be completed in time for 2024. The transportation plans are already fully funded by LA County voters. A second measure, Measure M passed in November 2016 elections, this new measure will extend the transportation tax funds indefinitely and speed up many other projects with $120 billion in highway and transit projects over forty years, including a Sepulveda Subway line from the Valley to the Los Angeles westside thru the Sepulveda Pass.[94]

LA 2024 bid leaders are touting these measures and infrastructure improvements as indicators of the new Los Angeles and a car free Olympics in a city known for its car culture. 158.5 km (98 miles) of new rails, 93 stations and 350,000 daily average boarding's.[95] Los Angeles had no rail lines in 1984. Bid leaders indicate public rail transportation lines will be available to all of the clusters, Downtown Long Beach, San Fernando Valley Sports Park, Downtown L.A., and the Santa Monica beach cluster.[96]

LA 2024 bid Committee

Members[97]

People

Legacy of the Games

Sport Legacy

The Los Angeles Olympic bid committee stated its legacy will be delivering a sustainable model for the bidding process and delivery of a cost-effective Olympic Games. LA 2024 intends to build on the proven living legacy of the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games. The LA84 Foundation, the legacy organization of the Games, dramatically changed city-wide access to sport. Examples include Serena and Venus Williams. Over the last 30 years, this foundation has introduced more than 3 million young people to Olympic sport and awarded 2,200 grants to sports organizations to promote healthy living through education, exercise, competition, and outcome-based results within and beyond sport.[92] A remodeled Olympic Coliseum stadium, no white elephants, and a budget surplus.[92] Los Angeles 2024 bid leaders are focusing on delivering a Olympic Games for best athlete experience and not a center piece for a city revitalization project, for example Sochi, Russia or Beijing, China. Bid leaders have indicated Los Angeles is transforming itself and does not need a city showcase and has the ability to showcase the athletes instead. Reports concluded that “the low-risk financial strategy of the bid greatly reduces the risk that the Southern California economy will bear large, long-term taxpayer expenses related to the Games.” There are no large infrastructure projects connected with the bid and “accordingly, for Los Angeles, the Olympics probably would not generate much or any long-term economic gain related to new infrastructure.”

Social Economic and Benefit

The theme embodies Agenda 2020 reform LA Sport Arena World Map of Olympics in Los Angeles. A surplus of $161 Million is predicted.

Proposed venues

The 2024 Los Angeles Olympic bid takes advantage of a large amount of existing and temporary venues in and around the Los Angeles area.[98] LA 2024 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. Candidature File Stage 1 United States Olympic Committee pages 8–10. Only one Olympic venue is to be constructed, the Canoe Slalom in the Valley. All venues proposed are new, and built after the 1984 games. The "MyFigueroa" street redevelopment project is currently under construction. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum renovations are scheduled to begin in 2017. Banc of California Stadium is currently under construction with a completion date of 2018. Galen Center was opened in 2006. The Los Angeles Convention Center (LACOEX) remodel and additions are to begin in 2018. Staples Center opened in 1999. Microsoft Theater opened in 2007. USC "University Village" is currently under construction and set to open in 2017. Bunker Hill was recently remodeled as Grand Park, a civic park centered around museums and fountain plazas. Opened in 2012. UCLA proposed Olympic Village at UCLA with dorms as recently built in 2012.[99] The LA Forum was recently renovated in 2014. Stub Hub Center was opened in 2003. Rose Bowl was renovated in 2013. The NBC IBC proposed center is set to be constructed in 2019. All privately financed.

Downtown Los Angeles Sports Park

Valley Sports Park

South Bay Sports Park

Long Beach Sports Park

Other venues

Football (Soccer) Stadiums

Possible California venues (3x4 group matches with M/W quarterfinals)

Possible Venues in other states (for example), (4x5 group matches only)

Changed venues

Piggyback Yard, a rail yard along the LA River, was the original proposed location for the Olympic Village. It would have been an entirely new residential development that would be permanent housing after the games. The plan was abandoned and UCLA was chosen as the new proposed location.[101]

See also

References

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  61. ↑ "LA 2024 video marks one year until Olympic leaders select host for 2024 Summer Games". Los Angeles Times. September 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  62. ↑ "LA 2024 relocates Summer Olympics press center to USC in latest bid documents". Los Angeles Times. October 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  63. ↑ "U.S. Olympians make video pitches for Los Angeles' 2024 bid". Los Angeles Times. October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  64. ↑ "L.A. 2024 committee to present bid to Olympic leaders in Qatar". Los Angeles Times. November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  65. ↑ "Allyson Felix hopes to help Los Angeles stay in the running for 2024 Olympics". Los Angeles Times. November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  66. ↑ "LA 2024 pledges "Transformative Games" in first presentation to Olympic family". LA 2024. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  67. ↑ "Trump supports L.A.'s Olympic bid, Mayor Garcetti's office says". Los Angeles Times. November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  68. ↑ "Donald Trump speaks with Olympic leader in support of L.A. 2024 effort, officials say". Los Angeles Times. December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  69. ↑ "LA 2024 releases revised budget for Olympics, revenue to equal $5.3 billion in costs". Los Angeles Times. December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  70. ↑ "2024 Olympics Bid Evaluation Commission".
  71. ↑ "Frank Frederics".
  72. ↑ "Patrick Baumann".
  73. ↑ "Marisol Casado".
  74. ↑ "Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski".
  75. ↑ "Kirsty Coventry".
  76. ↑ "Nawal El Moutawakel".
  77. ↑ "Ugur Erdener".
  78. ↑ "Habu Gumel".
  79. ↑ https://www.olympic.org/mr-poul-erik-hoyer. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  80. ↑ "Duane Kale".
  81. ↑ "Gunilla Lindberg".
  82. ↑ "Kereyn Smith".
  83. ↑ "Bernard Rajzman".
  84. ↑ "Tsunekazu Takeda".
  85. ↑ "LA2024 budget".
  86. ↑ "LA 2024 ORGANIZERS UNVEIL DETAILS OF PROFIT-FOCUSED OLYMPIC BUDGET".
  87. ↑ https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1356850/LA2024Budget.pdf
  88. ↑ "LA 2024 inspires great dreams'...especially for the IOC".
  89. ↑ "Olympic Agenda 2020".
  90. ↑ "Olympic Agenda 2020" (PDF).
  91. ↑ "LA2024 Vision".
  92. 1 2 3 4 https://la24-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/pdf/LA2024-canditature-part1_english.pdf
  93. ↑ "Project Fact Sheets".
  94. ↑ "Sepulveda Pass Corridor".
  95. ↑ "Facts at a Glance".
  96. ↑ Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority: It Is Too Early to Predict Service Sector Success, but Opportunities for Improved Analysis and Communication Exist (PDF) (Report). California State Auditor. December 2003. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  97. ↑ "Leadership".
  98. ↑ "LA2024 Vision, Games Concept and Strategy" (PDF).
  99. ↑ Newsroom, UCLA. "UCLA selected as site of Olympic Village for 2024 bid".
  100. ↑ Johnson, Ted (June 22, 2016). "Universal to Build New Soundstage Complex, Expand Theme Park in 5-Year Plan (EXCLUSIVE)".
  101. ↑ Kudler, Adrian Glick (January 25, 2016). "Los Angeles Abandons Plans to Rehabilitate Prime LA River Site For 2024 Olympics".

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