List of Tamil monarchs
This is a list of Tamil-speaking monarchs, who ruled in Tamilakam and Sri Lanka.
Pandyan Kingdom
Legendary Pandyans
- Sarangadhwaja (A Pandyan king who fought alongside the Pandavas in Kurukshetra wars)
- Malayadhwaja (Father of Minakshi)
- Soma Sundara Pandyan (Avatar of Shiva)
- Ugra Pandyan (Son of Minakshi)
Early Pandyans (3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE)
- Koon Pandiyan
- Nedunj Cheliyan I (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)
- Pudappandiyan
- Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
- Nedunj Chezhiyan II
- Nanmaran
- Nedunj Chezhiyan III
- Maran Vazhudhi
- Kadalan Vazhudhi
- Mutriya Chezhiyan
- Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi
Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)
- Kadungon (560–590)
- Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620)
- Chezhiyan Chenthan (620–640)
- Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (670–710)
- Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735)
- Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
- Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790)
- Rasasingan II (790–800)
- Varagunan I (800–830)
- Sirmara Seervallabha (830–862)
- Varagunavarman II (862–880)
- Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
- Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)
Later Pandyans (10th – 13th centuries)
- Sundara Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan II
- Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
- Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
- Jatavarman Chola Pandya
- Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
- Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
- Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
- Kulasekara Pandyan III
- Vira Pandyan III
- Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
- Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)
- Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
- Sundaravaramban Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
- Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
- Maaravaramban Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
- Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
- Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)
During 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.
- Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422–1463
- Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429–1473
- Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan 1473–1506
- Thevan Kulasekara Pandyan 1479–1499
- Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534–1543
- Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543–1552
- Nelveli Maran 1552–1564
- Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564–1604
- Varathunga Pandyan 1588–1612
- Varakunarama Pandyan 1613–1618
- Kollankondan ?–?
Chola Kingdom (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE)
A sculpture of Raja Raja Chola.
Legendary Cholas
Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE – 848 CE)
- Ellalan
- Kulakkottan
- Ilamcetcenni
- Karikalan
- Nedunkilli
- Nalankilli
- Killivalavan
- Kopperuncholan
- Kocengannan
- Perunarkilli
Medieval Cholas (848 CE–1070 AD)
- Vijayalaya Chola 848–891?
- Aditya Chola I 891–907
- Parantaka Chola I 907–950
- Gandaraditya Chola 950–957
- Arinjaya Chola 956–957
- Sundara Chola 957–970
- Uttama Chola 970–985
- Rajaraja Chola I 985–1014
- Rajendra Chola I 1012–1044
- Rajadhiraja Chola 1018–1054
- Rajendra Chola II 1051–1063
- Virarajendra Chola 1063–1070
- Athirajendra Chola 1067–1070
Later Cholas (1070 – 1279 AD)
- Kulothunga Chola I 1070–1120
- Vikrama Chola 1118–1135
- Kulothunga Chola II 1133–1150
- Rajaraja Chola II 1146–1173
- Rajadhiraja Chola II 1166–1178
- Kulothunga Chola III 1178–1218
- Rajaraja Chola III 1216–1256
- Rajendra Chola III 1246–1279
Chera Kingdom
Early Cheras
- Uthiyan Cheralathan
- Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan
- Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan
- Narmudi Cheral
- Selva Kadumko Valiathan
- Ilango Adigal
- Vel Kelu Kuttuvan
- Adu Kottu Pattu Cheralathan
- Perum Cheral Irumporai
- Illam Cheral Irumporai
- Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai
- Kanaikkal Irumporai
Later Cheras
- Kulashekhara Varman (800–820)
- Rajashekhara Varman (820–844)
- Sthanu Ravi Varman (844–885)
- Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917)
- Goda Ravi Varma (917–944)
- Kotha Varma (944–962)
- Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019)
- Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021)
- Vira Varman (1021–1028)
- Rajasimha Varman (1028–1043)
- Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082)
- Ravi Rama Varma (1082–1090)
- Rama Varma Kulashekhara (1090–1102)
Pallava Kingdom
Early Pallavas
- Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan (son of Chola king Killivalavan with Nākar princess Pili Valai according to Manimegalai).
- Bappa - Virakurcha - married a Naga of Mavilanga (Kanchi) - The Great Founder of a Pallava lineage
- Simha Varman I (275–300 or 315–345)
- Skanda Varman I (345–355) (Shivaskandavarman)
Middle Pallavas
- Visnugopa (340–355) (Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa)
- Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
- Skanda Varman II (370–385)
- Vira Varman (385–400)
- Skanda Varman III (400–435)
- Simha Varman II (435–460)
- Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
- Nandi Varman I (480–500)
- Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
- Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
- Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
- Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)
Later Pallavas
- Simhavishnu (537–570)
- Mahendravarman I (571–630)
- Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
- Mahendravarman II (668–672)
- Paramesvaravarman I (672–700)
- Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
- Paramesvaravarman II (705–710)
- Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
- Dantivarman (775–825)
- Nandivarman III (825–869)
- Nirupathungan (869–882)
- Aparajitavarman (882–897)
Ay Kingdom
- Ay Antiran
- Titiyan
- Atiyan
- Karunandadakkan (857–885)
- Vikramaditya Varaguna (885–925)
Aryacakravarti dynasty (c. 1215 – 1619 AD)
Image of Singai Parasasekaran, his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and Cankili I
- Cinkai Ariyan Cekaracacekaran I 1215-1240
- Kulasekara Pararacacekaran I 1240-1256
- Kulottunga Cekaracacekaran II 1256-1279
- Vikkrama Pararacacekaran II 1279-1302
- Varotaya Cekaracacekaran III 1302-1325
- Marttanta Pararacacekaran III 1325-1348
- Kunapusana Cekaracacekaran IV 1348-1371
- Virotaya Pararacacekaran IV 1371-1380
- Jeyavira Cekaracacekaran V 1380-1410
- Kunavira Pararacacekaran V 1410-1440
- Kanagasuriya Cekaracacekaran V 1440-1478
- Pararacacekaran VI 1478-1519
- Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VI) 1519-1565
- Ilavarasan Puvi Raja Pandaram 1561-1565
- Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran 1565-1570
- (Name Not Known) 1565-1565
- Periya Pillai Pandaram Cekaracacekaran 1570-1582
- Puvi Raja Pandaram Pararacacekaran 1582-1591
- Ethirmanna Cinkam Pararacacekaran 1591-1615
- Paddilarasan Arasakesari Pandaram 1615-1616 (Assassinated)
- Cankili II Cekaracacekaran 1616-1619[1]
Nayakars
Madurai Nayakar (1529 AD – 1736 AD)
- Nagama Nayaka
- Viswanatha Nayaka
- Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
- Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
- Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
- Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
- Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
- Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
- Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
- Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
- Rani Mangammal (1689–1704)
- Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
- Queen Meenakshi, Chanda Sahib, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736)
Gingee Nayakar (1509 – 1649)
- Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
- Chennappa Nayaka
- Gangama Nayaka
- Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
- Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
- Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
- Varadappa Nayaka
- Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
- Venkata Perumal Naidu
- Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
- Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649)
Thanjavur Nayakar (1532 – 1673 AD)
- Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
- Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
- Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
- Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)
Kandy Nayakar (1739 – 1815 AD)
- Vijaya Rajasinha (reigned 1739–1747)
- Kirti Sri Raja Singha
- Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha
- Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (aka Rajasimha IV; Kannasamy)
Ramnad Sethupathis
Under Madurai Nayakars (1590 – 1670 AD)
- Sadasiva Thevar Sethupathi (1590–1621)
- Kootan Sethupathi (1621–1637)
- Dalavai Sethupathi (1637–1659)
- Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659–1670)
Independent Sethupathis (1670 – 1794 AD)
- Raghunatha Kilavan (1670–1708)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
- Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723–1724)
- Bhavani Shankara Thevar (1724–1728)
- Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1734)
- Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734–1747)
- Rakka Thevar (1747–1748)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748–1760)
- Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760–1794)
Under British Raj (1795 – 1979 AD)
- Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1807)
- Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
- Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
- Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)
- Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
- Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
- Court of Wards (1873–1889)
- Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
- Dinakara Sethupathy
- Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
- Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1967)
- Ramanatha Sethupathi (1967–1979)
Pudukkotai Tondaimans (1680 – 1948 AD)
- Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
- Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–December 1789)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
- Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
- Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839–April 15, 1886)
- Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886–May 28, 1928)
- Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928–August 15, 1947)
Velir monarchs
- Athiyamān
- Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
- Irunkōvēl
- Narkudi Velalar Varalaru
- Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
- Malayamān
- Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan
- Vēl Pāri
Palaiyakkarars
- Dheeran Chinnamalai
- Veerapandiya Kattabomman
- Kundavai Pirāttiyār
- Oomaithurai
- Puli Thevar
- Velu Nachiyar
- Maruthu Pandiyar
Others
- Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (aka Suvaran Maran)
- Malayamān
- Kadava dynasty
- Sambuvaraya
- Pandara Vanniyan
- Magadai
- Valvil Ori
- Sena and Guttika
- The Five Dravidians
- The Six Dravidians
- Valai Vannan
- Mushika Kingdom
See also
References
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