List of avant-garde films before 1930

A list of avant-garde and experimental films made before 1930. Though some had dedicated music scores written for them, or were synchronized to records, nearly all of these films were silent. Several of them involve color, through tinting, hand-painting or even photographic color.

Title	Director	Cast	Country	Subgenre/Notes
1900
A Nymph of the Waves	Frederick S. Armitage	Cathrina Barto		Early use of optical printing[1]
1901
The Ghost Train	Frederick S. Armitage			Use of overprinting; section shown in negative[2][3]
1903
Le cake-walk infernal	Georges Méliès			Ghostly, in-camera superimpositions[4]
Down the Hudson	Frederick S. Armitage, A.E. Weed			Single-frame, time-lapse travel actually "up" the Hudson River[5][6]
1905
Interior NY Subway, 14th Street to 42nd Street	Billy Bitzer			Shot from front of subway car, largely abstract[7][8]
1907
Les Kiriki - Acrobates Japonaises	Segundo de Chomon			Exceptional trick film, shot from the ceiling facing downward[9]
1908
Fantasmagorie	Émile Cohl			Early animation, reflective of the pre-modernist movement of the Incoherents[10]
1910
The Hasher's Delerium	Émile Cohl			Early animation; representation of a hallucination [11]
1911
The Automatic Moving Company	Romeo Bosetti and/or Emile Cohl			Often attributed to Emile Cohl; recent scholarship points toward Bosetti.[12][13]
A Chord of Color	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[14]
Study on the Effects of Four Colors	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[15]
Translation of Mendelssohn's Spring Song	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[16]
Translation of Mallarmé's poem "Flowers" into Colors	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[17]
1912
The Rainbow	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[18][19]
The Dance	Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna			Abstract animation, Lost film[20][21]
1913
Rythmes colorés (Coloured Rhythm)	Leopold Survage			Abstract animation; ca. 105 drawings made but not filmed[22][23][24]
1914
Drama in the Futurist's Cabinet No. 13	Vladimir Kasyanov	Mikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova, David Burliuk		Lost film[25][26]
1915
La folie du Docteur Tube	Abel Gance	Albert Dieudonné		Archaic trick film, shot through Anamorphic lens[27][28]
The Picture of Dorian Gray	Vsevolod Meyerhold, Mikhail Doronin	Vavara Yanova, Vsevolod Meyerhold		Adaptation of Oscar Wilde story by symbolist theater director; Lost film[29][30]
Hypocrites (film)	Lois Weber	Courtenay Foote, Myrtle Stedman		Allegorical and highly symbolic religious picture; nude principal character[31]
1916
The Strong Man	Vsevolod Meyerhold	Mikhail Doronin, Vsevolod Meyerhold		Adaptation of Stanisław Przybyszewski play by symbolist theater director; Lost film[32][33]
Intolerance (film)	D.W. Griffith	Lillian Gish, Robert Harron		Influential film which attempts to tell four stories at once; extensive use of montage[34]
Diana the Huntress	Charles W. Allen, Francis Trevelyan Miller	Lionel Braham, Percy Richards		Highly stylized mythic film; fragment only[35][36]
1917
Thaïs	Anton Giulio Bragaglia	Thaïs Galizsky		Italian Futurist film; incomplete print extant.[37][38]
Vita futurista	Arnaldo Ginna	Filippo Marinetti, Giacomo Balla		Italian futurist film; Lost film[39][40]
1918
Âmes des fous	Germaine Dulac	Sylvio de Pedrelli, Ève Francis		Serial which incorporated avant-garde techniques; lost film.[41][42]
Il Perfido Incanto	Anton Giulio Bragaglia	Renée Avril, Thaïs Galizsky		Lost Italian Futurist film.[43][44]
The Blue Bird (1918 film)	Maurice Tourneur	Tula Belle, Robin Macdougall		Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film[45]
Prunella	Maurice Tourneur	Isabel Berwin, Jules Raucourt		Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film; only a 30-minute fragment extant [46][47]
Nye dlya deneg radivshisya	Nikandr Turkin	Vladimir Mayakovsky, David Burliuk		Russian futurist adaptation of Jack London story[48]
1919
Rose-France	Marcel L'Herbier	Claude-France Aïssé, Jacque Catelain		Symbolic romance[49]
The Fall of Babylon	D.W. Griffith	Constance Talmadge, Alfred Paget		Edited from Intolerance, widely influential in Europe; introduced 'Russian montage' to Russia[50]
1920
Nude Woman by Waterfall	Claude Friese-Greene			Dance film.[51]
La fête Espagnole	Germaine Dulac	Ève Francis, Gaston Modot		First film written by Louis Delluc[52][53]
Le silence	Louis Delluc	Ève Francis, Gabriel Signoret		Naturalist, experimental short[54] [55][56]
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari	Robert Wiene	Conrad Veidt, Lil Dagover		Expressionist horror film, greatly influential on avant-garde filmmakers, particularly in the United States[57]
Genuine (film)	Robert Wiene	Fern Andra, Hans Heinrich von Twardowski		Particularly extreme example of Expressionism[58]
The Soul of the Cypress	Dudley Murphy	Chase Harringdine		Dance film[59][60]
Aphrodite	Dudley Murphy	Katharine Hawley		Dance film, Lost film[61][62]
Anywhere Out of the World	Dudley Murphy	Chase Harringdine		Dance film, Lost film[63]
1921
El Dorado	Marcel L'Herbier	Ève Francis, Jacque Catelain		Melodrama, highly stylized sets and use of montage[64]
Fièvre	Louis Delluc	Ève Francis, Gaston Modot		Naturalist melodrama[65][66]
Opus 1	Walter Ruttmann			Abstract Animation[67]
Opus 2	Walter Ruttmann			Abstract Animation[68]
Rhythmus 21	Hans Richter			Abstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his films; this was probably made at least several years later.
Manhatta	Paul Strand, Charles Sheeler			First City film[69][70]
1922
La femme de nulle part	Louis Delluc	Ève Francis, Gine Avril		Naturalist melodrama[71][72]
Der Sieger	Walter Ruttmann			Semi-abstract advertising film[73]
Danse macabre	Dudley Murphy	Adolph Bolm, Ruth Page		Dance film[74][75]
The Enchanted City	Warren Newcombe			Art heavy futurist short[76][77]
1923
The Man Without Desire	Adrian Brunel	Ivor Novello		Fantasy, cited by Rotha[78]
Le Retour à la Raison	Man Ray	Alice Prin (Kiki de Montparnasse)		Insert film for a Dadist soirée [79]
L'ironie du Destin	Dimitri Kirsanoff	Dimitri Kirsanoff, Nadia Sibirskaïa		Naturalist melodrama; Lost film[80][81]
La roue	Abel Gance	Séverin-Mars, Ivy Close		Lengthy melodrama utilizing extensive segments of "Russian montage"[82][83]
Cœur fidèle	Jean Epstein	Léon Mathot, Gina Manès		Naturalist melodrama, experimental sequence; cited in Curtis[84][85]
La mort du soleil	Germaine Dulac	André Nox, Denis Lorys		Social drama, experimental techniques[86][87]
La Souriante Madame Beudet	Germaine Dulac	Germaine Dermoz, Alexandre Arquillière		Social drama, experimental techniques[88][89]
Paris qui dort	René Clair	Henri Rollan, Charles Martinelli		Surrealist comedy with science-fiction angle[90][91]
Rhythmus 23	Hans Richter			Abstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his film; this was probably made at least several years later.[92]
Salome	Charles Bryant	Alla Nazimova, Mitchell Lewis		Art Nouveau rendering of biblical story based on Aubrey Beardsley [93][94]
Sea of Dreams	Warren Newcombe	Hazel Lindsley		Futuristic fantasy; Lost film [95][96]
Dnevnik Glumova (Glumov's Diary)	Sergei Eisenstein	Grigori Alexandrov, Sergei Eisenstein		Filmed inserts for The Wise Man, a production of the Moscow Proletkult Central Theater; issued as part of Kino Pravda No. 16 [97][98]
1924
Ballet Mécanique	Fernand Léger, Dudley Murphy	Alice Prin		Cubist film, with music score by George Antheil [99][100]
Entr'acte	René Clair	Alice Prin, Francis Picabia, Erik Satie, Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp		Dadaist insert film for Erik Satie's ballet Relâche[101][102]
L'Inhumaine	Marcel L'Herbier	Georgette Leblanc, Jacque Catelain		Highly stylized science fiction feature[103][104]
Au secours!	Abel Gance	Max Linder, Jean Toulout		Horror-comedy, highly experimental in style [105][106]
The Fugitive Futurist	Gaston Quiribet			Comedy featuring "melting" wipe effect; futuristic projections on travel[107]
Symphonie Diagonale	Viking Eggeling			Abstract animation; in production from 1921.
Opus III	Walter Ruttmann			Abstract animation[108]
The Adventures of Oktyabrina	Grigori Kozintsev, Leonid Trauberg	Zinaida Torkhovskaya, Yevgeni Kumeiko		First production of FEKS; lost film[109]
Soviet Toys	Dziga Vertov			Satirical animation and advertising[110]
1925
A Quoi revent les jeunes films?	Henri Chomette, Man Ray			Lost film. Made as a collaboration between Chomette and Ray; later sub-divided into three different films.[111][112]
La fille de l'eau	Jean Renoir	Catherine Hessling, Pierre Champagne		Naturalist drama, surrealist influenced[113][114]
Les aventures de Robert Macaire	Jean Epstein	Jean Angelo, Alex Allin		Fantasy serial, cited in Rotha[115]
Jean Cocteau fait du cinéma	Jean Cocteau	Jean Cocteau		16mm short, Lost film[116][117]
Stromlinien	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract animation[118]
Rhythmus 25	Hans Richter			Abstract animation; Lost film[119]
Opus IV	Walter Ruttmann			Abstract animation[120]
Rebus Film Nr. 1	Paul Leni			Semi-abstract filmed puzzle, part of a series of eight films[121][122]
KIPHO	Julius Pinschewer, Guido Seeber			Trailer for International Film Congress of Berlin, 1925[123][124]
Lebende Buddhas	Paul Wegener	Paul Wegener, Asta Nielsen		Fragment only; fragment is more experimental than Expressionist[125]
The Pottery Maker	Robert J. Flaherty			Semi-documentary, experimental in style[126][127]
The Way	Francis Brugière	Sebastian Droste, Rosalinde Fuller		Unrealized project, dated by Rotha to 1923 and often dated to 1929; 1925 is correct[128]
Battleship Potemkin	Sergei Eisenstein	Aleksandr Antonov, Grigori Alexandrov		"Odessa Steps" sequence is a textbook example of Russian montage[129]
1926
Anemic Cinema	Marcel Duchamp			Dadaist semi-animated film [130]
Ménilmontant	Dimitri Kirsanoff			Urban realist melodrama[131][132]
Rien que les heurs	Alberto Cavalcanti	Blanche Bernis, Nina Chousvalowa		City film[133]
Le voyage imaginaire	René Clair	Dolly Davis, Jean Bõrlin		Fantasy film with surrealist elements[134][135]
Jeux des reflets et de la vitesse	Henri Chomette			Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[136]
Cinq minutes de cinéma pur	Henri Chomette			Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[137][138]
Filmstudie	Hans Richter			Merger between abstract animation and photographic abstraction [139]
Wax Experiments	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract Animation; incorporates footage going back to c. 1921[140]
Spirals	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract Animation; incorporates footage made several years earlier[141]
Raumlichtkunst series	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract animation; multiple projector performances. Reconstructed 2012 in HD as a three screen installation.[142]
A Page of Madness	Teinosuke Kinugasa	Masuo Inoue, Yoshie Nakagawa		Surreal, intense representation of insanity using highly advanced film techniques.[143]
Moonland	Neil McGuire, William A. O'Connor	Mickey McBan		Fantasy short, surrealist sets & situations[144][145]
Mother	Vsevolod Pudovkin	Vera Baranovskaya, Nikolai Batalov		Gripping social realist drama, heavy use of montage[146]
1927
Emak-Bakia	Man Ray	Alice Prin		Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films?[147]
La Glace à trois faces (The Three-Sided Mirror)	Jean Epstein	Raymond Guérin-Catelain, Jeanne Helbling		Avant-garde projection of a narrative romance.[148]
Napoléon	Abel Gance	Albert Dieudonné, Antonin Artaud		Enormous historic epic, experimental techniques and multi-screen[149]
L'invitation au voyage	Germaine Dulac	Emma Gynt, Raymond Dubreuil		Impressionistic "Cinéma pur" [150]
Le train sans yeux	Alberto Cavalcanti	Hans Mierendorff, Gina Manès		Written by Louis Delluc[151]
La p'tite Lili	Alberto Cavalcanti	Catherine Hessling, Jean Renoir		Naturalist short, street film[152]
Sur un air de Charleston	Jean Renoir	Catherine Hessling, Johnny Hudgins		Silly, surrealist dance short with sci-fi elements[153]
En rade	Alberto Cavalcanti	Pierre Batcheff, Blanche Bernis		Urban realist melodrama[154][155]
Vieux châteaux	Eugene Deslaw	Zet Molan		Artful semi-documentary[156]
La marche des machines	Eugene Deslaw			Semi-abtract art film of machinery; filmed by Boris Kaufman[157]
Les Halles centrales	Boris Kaufman			City film[158]
Berlin: Symphony of a Great City	Walter Ruttmann			City film
Inflation	Hans Richter
Orgelstabe	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract animation; series of experiments made over several years.[159]
Seelische Konstruktionen	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract animation.[160]
München-Berlin Wanderung	Oskar Fischinger			Photographic single-frame film. Not released until decades later.[161]
Die Landpartie	Alex Strasser			Animated "grotesque"[162]
City Film	Ralph Steiner			Amateur City film[163]
Loony Lens	Al Brick			Anamorphic views; insert series to Fox Movietone newsreels, begun 1924, only 4 known,[164][165]
Magic Umbrella	Jerome Hill			Genre parody, filmed in Rome; color and sound added in 1965 [166]
The End of St. Petersburg	Vsevolod Pudovkin, Mikhail Doller	Aleksandr Chistyakov, Vera Baranovskaya		Historic epic[167]
1928
Impatience	Charles Dekeukeleire	Yvonne Selma		Photographic abstract film[168]
Blue Bottles	Ivor Montagu	Elsa Lanchester, Joe Beckett		Hybrid of experimental style and slapstick comedy[169][170]
Praha v zári svetel (Prague Shining in Lights)	Svatopluk Innemann			City Film[171]
L'Argent	Marcel L'Herbier	Brigitte Helm, Alfred Abel		Experimental, modernized treatment of Zola novel[172]
Celles qui s'en font	Germaine Dulac			Visualization of music[173]
La chute de la maison Usher	Jean Epstein	Jean Debucourt, Marguerite Gance		Horror, highly stylized[174]
Disque 957	Germaine Dulac			Visualization of music[175][176]
L'Étoile de mer	Man Ray	Alice Prin		Surrealist film financed by Charles De Noailles; written by Paul Desnos
Les nuits électriques	Eugene Deslaw			Semi-abtract art film of neon signs[177]
Le petite marchande d'alumettes	Jean Renoir, Jean Tedesco	Catherine Hessling, Eric Barclay		Fantasy short with surrealist elements[178][179]
The Seashell and the Clergyman	Germaine Dulac	Alex Allin, Genica Athanasiou		Surrealist dream film written by Antonin Artaud. Often dated to 1927, but premiered in Paris, February 9, 1928.[180]
Thèmes et Variations	Germaine Dulac			Visualization of music[181][182]
Ghosts Before Breakfast	Hans Richter			Dadaist fantasy[183]
Rennsymphonie	Hans Richter
Uberfall	Erno Metzner
Hände	Stella Simon, Miklos Bandy			Stylized love story utilizing only hands; made in silent and sound versions[184][185]
Grotesken im Schnee	Alex Strasser, Lotte Reiniger			Animated "grotesque" with sillouhettes[186]
Jûjiro	Teinosuke Kinugasa	Akiko Chihaya, Junosuke Bando		Expressionistic treatment of Samurai story[187]
De Brug	Joris Ivens
The Life and Death of 9413 - A Hollywood Extra	Robert Florey, Slavko Vorkapich	Jules Raucourt, George Voya		Ultra low budget anti-Hollywood film[188][189][190]
The Love of Zero	Robert Florey	Anielka Etler, Captain Marco Etler		[191][192]
Johann the Coffin Maker	Robert Florey			Horror short, Lost film[193]
The Last Moment	Paul Fejos	Otto Matieson, Lucille La Verne		Independently-made, experimental feature; Lost film[194]
The Tell-Tale Heart	Charles Klein	Charles Darvas, Hans Fuerberg		Horror short[195][196]
There It Is (film)	Charles Bowers	Charles Bowers, Kathryn McGuire		Two reel comedy, absurd in the extreme[197]
Twenty-Four Dollar Island	Robert J. Flaherty			City film, variously dated to 1926, 1927. Premiered in NYC, January 1, 1928[198][199]
The Fall of the House of Usher	James Sibley Watson, Melville Webber			Short film
Koko's Earth Control	Dave Fleischer, Max Fleischer	Koko the Clown		Animated cartoon with exceptional visual dynamism; flash frames [200]
Zvenigora	Alexander Dovzhenko	Mikola Nademsky, Semen Svashenko, Alexander Podorozhny		Film poem with fantasy elements[201]
October, a.k.a. Ten Days That Shook the World	Sergei Eisenstein	Nikolay Popov, Vasily Nikandrov		Contains Eisenstein's most radical uses of montage[202]
1929
Every Day	Hans Richter	Sergei Eisenstein, Basil Wright		Artful semi-documentary about everyday life[203]
Drifters	John Grierson			Documentary with a distinctly modernist orientation[204][205]
Tusalava	Len Lye			Abstract animation[206][207]
Histoire de détective	Charles Dekeukeleire	Pierre Bourgeois		Semi-abstract film; despite the title, not a detective story[208]
The Pearl	Henri D'Ursel	Georges Hugnet, Kissa Kouprine, Renee Savoye, Mary Stutz		Experimental narrative film.[209]
Un Chien Andalou	Luis Buñuel	Pierre Batcheff, Simone Mareuil		Short, surrealist film written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí[210]
Étude cinégraphique sur une arabesque	Germaine Dulac			Visualization of music[211][212]
Les Mystères du Château de Dé	Man Ray	Man Ray, Georges Auric		Surrealist short funded by Charles De Noailles [213]
Brumes d'automne	Dimitri Kirsanoff	Nadia Sibirskaïa		Film poem, with synchronized music track[214][215]
Montparnasse	Eugene Deslaw	Luis Buñuel, Filippo Marinetti		City film, with synchronized sound[216]
My Grandmother	Kote Mikaberidze	Aleqsandre Takaishvili, Bella Chernova		Eccentric combination of avant-garde and social comedy[217]
Alles dreht sich, alles bewegt sich (Everything Turns, Everything Revolves)	Hans Richter			Sound; music by Walter Gronostay. Only roughly half of this 15-minute experimental short still survives.[218]
The Storming of La Sarraz	Hans Richter, Sergei Eisenstein, Ivor Montagu	Béla Balász, Léon Moussinac		Made during a film conference; Lost film[219]
Studie Nr. 1	Oskar Fischinger			Abstract Animation[220]
Impressionen vom alten Marseiller Hafen (Vieux Port)	László Moholy-Nagy			City film[221]
Rain	Joris Ivens, Mannus Franken
Skyscraper Symphony	Robert Florey			City film[222][223]
H2O	Ralph Steiner
War Under the Sea	M.G. MacPherson, Jean Michelson			Artkino production; Lost film[224]
The Bridge	Charles Vidor	Nicholas Bela, Charles Darvas		Experimental narrative film based on Ambrose Bierce story; sometimes dated 1930-31[225]
Lullaby	Boris Deutsch	Riva Deutsch, Michael Visaroff		Expressionist drama, likely incomplete; Horak dates it to 1925[226][227]
Man with a Movie Camera	Dziga Vertov
The New Babylon	Grigori Kozintsev, Leonid Trauberg	David Gutman, Yelena Kuzmina		Production of the Factory of the Eccentric Actor[228][229]

See also

• Cinéma pur

References

• Paul Rotha and Roger Manvell, "Movie Parade: A Pictorial Survey of the Cinema" London: The Studio, 1936
• Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film" Princeton University Press, 1983 (originally published in 1960)
• Parker Tyler, "Underground Film: A Critical History" New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (originally published in 1969)
• David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" New York: Universe Books, 1970
• P. Adams Sitney, "Visionary Film" New York: Oxford University Press, 1979
• Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9

1. A Nymph of the Waves
2. The Ghost Train
3. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
4. imdb entry
5. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes http://unseen-cinema.com/
6. Scenic Hudson
7. MoMA Collection entry
8. imdb entry
9. http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/252/see-the-film-ki_ri_ki_-_japanese_acrobats
10. Film: Ab Initio imdb entry
12. imdb entry
13. http://www.fandor.com/films/the_automatic_moving_company
14. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
15. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
16. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
17. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
18. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
19. Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde"
20. Giannalberto Bendazzi, "The Italians Who Invented the Drawn-On Film Technique"
21. Raphaël Bassan, "Cinema and Abstraction: From Bruno Corra to Hugo Verlinde"
22. Moma entry
23. Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
24. Bruce Checefsky's digital realization of 12 drawings
25. Nitrateville Thread, "The Drama in the Futurists Cabinet No. 13 (1914)"
26. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
27. imdb entry
28. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
29. imdb entry
30. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
31. imdb entry
32. imdb entry
33. Jay Leyda, "Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film," Allen and Unwin, NYC 1960
34. imdb entry
35. imdb entry
36. Silent Beauties
37. imdb entry
38. Thaïs
39. "Love Story of the Painter Balla and a Chair"
40. imdb entry
41. Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, "Wome Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary. Greenwood Press, Westport CT 1995, pg. 116 imdb entry
42. Sandy Flitterman-Lewis, "To Desire Differently: Feminism and the French Cinema. University of Illinois Press, Chicago, 1990
43. imdb entry
44. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
45. imdb entry
46. Pordenone screening
48. imdb entry
49. imdb entry
50. imdb entry
51. BFI clip
52. [imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0232643/combined]
53. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
54. imdb entry
55. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
56. Richard Abel, "French Cinema: The First Wave 1915-1929," Princeton University Press, 1984
57. imdb entry
58. imdb entry
59. Unseen Cinema: Viva la Dance
60. imdb entry
61. Paghat the Ratgirl, Review "Soul of the Cypress"
62. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
63. Susan Delson, "Dudley Murphy: Hollywood Wild Card" University of Minnesota Press, 2006
64. imdb entry
65. imdb entry
66. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
67. imdb entry
68. imdb entry
69. imdb entry
70. Manhatta
71. imdb entry
72. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
73. imdb entry
74. imdb entry
75. Unseen Cinema DVD Notes
76. imdb entry
77. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950 University of California Press, 2005
78. BFI Screenonline
79. Films de France entry
80. imdb entry
81. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
82. imdb entry
83. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
84. imdb entry
85. David Curtis, "Experimental Cinema" Universe Books, NYC 1971
86. imdb entry
87. Twisted Ladder essay
88. imdb entry
89. Brain Pickings Post
90. imdb entry
91. McGill essay
92. Jannon Stein, "Abstract Films from the 1920s: Making Rhythm Visible"
93. John Coulthart, "Alla Nazimova's Salome"
94. imdb entry
95. imdb entry
96. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
97. Phil Cavendish, "From 'Lost' to 'Found': The 'Rediscovery' of Sergei Eisenstein's Glumov's Diary and its avant-garde context." KinoKultura Issue 41, 2013
98. James Goodwin, Eisenstein, Cinema and History. University of Illinois Press, 1993
99. MOMA dadabase entry
100. Standish D. Lawder, "The Cubist Cinema." New York University Press Anthology Film Archives series, 1975, ISBN 0814749577
101. SUNY Notes
102. imdb entry
103. imdb entry
104. SFBG "Gleaming the Cubist"
105. The Devil's Manor: Au secours! 1923
106. imdb entry
107. BFI Films YouTube Channel
108. imdb entry
109. Vselovod Pudovkin -- "The Youth of Maxim," Izvestiya, December 17, 1934; reprinted in Ian Christie, Richard Taylor -- "The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents 1896-1939," Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon 2002, ppg. 339
110. Illusion of Movement, "Soviet Toys
111. First Light: Chomette
112. imdb entry
113. imdb entry
114. Digital Silents review
115. imdb entry
116. Ciné-club: Jean Cocteau
117. imdb entry
118. Fischinger filmography
119. Senses of Cinema: Hans Richter
120. imdb entry
121. imdb entry
122. Kino Lorber: Avant-Garde 2
123. imdb entry
124. Malte Hagener, "Moving Forward, Looking Back: The European Avant-Garde and the Invention of Film Culture, 1919-1999" Amsterdam University Press, 2007
125. imdb entry
126. imdb entry
127. Antti Alanen: Film Diary
128. Strange Flowers blog
129. imdb entry
130. DADA Companion entry
131. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
132. imdb entry
133. imdb entry
134. imdb entry
135. The Film Till Now: A Survey of World Cinema, with an additional section by Richard Griffith, revised and enlarged edition, (London: Vision, 1949)
136. imdb entry
137. imdb entry
138. First Light: Chomette
139. Marco Milone, "Hans Richter -- Filmstudie" on Experimental Cinema
140. Fischinger Filmography
141. Fischinger Filmography
143. Open Culture: A Page of Madness: The Lost, Avant Garde Masterpiece from the Early Days of Japanese Cinema (1926)
144. imdb entry
145. Unseen Cinema program
146. imdb entry
147. imdb entry
148. Senses of Cinema, "La Glace à trois faces," http://sensesofcinema.com/2006/cteq/glace-a-trois-faces/
149. imdb entry
150. Sabzian, "Double Bill: L'invitation au voyage (Germaine Dulac, 1927) & Paris qui dort (René Clair, 1924)"
151. imdb entry
152. imdb entry
153. imdb entry
154. imdb entry
155. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
159. Fischinger Filmography
160. Fischinger Filmography
161. Fischinger Filmography
162. Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
163. Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
164. Unseen Cinema program
165. Silent Era review, Unseen Cinema
166. The Jerome Foundation
167. imdb entry
168. imdb entry
169. BFI Screenonline
170. imdb entry
171. Bohemian National Hall program
172. imdb entry
173. imdb entry
174. imdb entry
175. imdb entry
176. Light Cone entry
178. imdb entry
179. The Art and Culture of the Movies blog
180. Maryann de Julio, "Another Look at Germaine Dulac’s The Seashell and the Clergyman." Senses of Cinema, December 2013
181. imdb entry
182. Light Cone entry
183. imdb entry
184. imdb entry
185. Unseen Cinema DVD notes
186. Cinegraph FilmDokumente 107
187. [imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019043/combined]
188. imdb entry
189. Forgotten Classics of Yesteryear Page
190. Jan Christopher Horak, ed. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Avant-Garde, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995
191. imdb entry
192. Unseen Cinema DVD notes
193. imdb entry
194. imdb entry
195. Jennifer Baldwin, "The Tell-Tale Lens"
196. imdb entry
197. imdb entry
198. imdb entry
199. Ferdy on Film
200. imdb entry
201. Wonders in the Dark blog
202. imdb entry
203. BFI Screenonline
204. BFI Screenonline
205. imdb entry
206. BFI Screenonline
207. imdb entry
208. imdb entry
210. imdb entry
211. imdb entry
212. Light Cone entry
213. imdb entry
214. Santiago Rubin de Celis, "The Paradoxes of Dimitri Kirsanoff"
215. imdb entry http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0233385/combined
217. imdb entry
218. entry at lost-films.eu
219. imdb entry
220. Fischinger Filmography
221. imdb entry
222. imdb entry
223. DVD More Treasures from the American Film Arcbives
224. Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
225. imdb entry
226. imdb entry
227. William Moritz, "Visual Music and Film-As-An-Art Before 1950" in Karlstrom, ed. "On the Edge of America: California Modernist Art 1900-1950" University of California Press, 2005
228. imdb entry
229. • Vincent Canby (October 3, 1983). "'New Babylon,' Silent Russian Classic". The New York Times.

External links

• Cinema of the United States - 1879-1894 - The first American movies - Experimental silent films on YouTube
• "Nude Woman by the Waterfall" - 1920 - Claude Friese-Greene - Fragment on YouTube