List of expeditions of Muhammad

This list of battles by Muhammad, also includes a list of battles by Muhammad's order and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention the battles.

List of Battles

No.	Name	Date	Notable primary sources
1	Expedition of Waddan[1]	August 623 [2][3]	Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:256 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [4]
2	Patrol of Buwat	October 623 [5][6]	Sahih Muslim, 42:7149 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [7]
3	Expedition of Al-Ashirah[1]	December 623 [8]	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [9]
4	First Expedition to Badr[10]	623 [8]	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [11]
5	Battle of Badr	March 624 [12]	^[Quran 8:47], ^[Quran 68:25], ^[Quran 8:5], ^[Quran 8:6] and more[13] Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:53:369, Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:357, Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2716, Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:293 [14] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [15]
6	Invasion of Sawiq	624 [16]	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [17] Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 [18]
7	Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa	February 624 [19]	^[Quran 8:58],[20] ^[Quran 3:118],[21][22] ^[Quran 3:12], ^[Quran 3:13][23] Sahih Muslim, 19:4364 Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 [24] Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community [25]
8	Al Kudr Invasion	May 624	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [26]
9	Invasion of Thi Amr	September 624 [27][28]	^[Quran 5:11][29] Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:458 Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 [30]
10	Invasion of Bahran	624 [31]	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [32]
11	Battle of Uhud	March 23 625 [33][34]	^[Quran 8:36],[35] ^[Quran 3:122], ^[Quran 3:167] [36] Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:276, Sahih al-Bukhari, 3:30:108 [37]
12	Invasion of Hamra al-Asad	March 625[38]	^[Quran 3:172],[39][40][41][42] ^[Quran 3:173], ^[Quran 3:174][43] Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:404 [44] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [45]
13	Invasion of Banu Nadir	August 625 [46]	Quran chapter 59, and ^[Quran 2:256][47] Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2676[48] Sahih al-Bukhari, 3:39:519 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq[49] Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet[50]
14	Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa	October 625[51] or 627[49]	Quran 4:101 and 5:11 Sahih Muslim, 4:1830 Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community[51]
15	Invasion of Badr	January 626[52] or March 625[53]	Quran 3:173–176 Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:627 Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq[54]
16	Invasion of Dumatul Jandal	July 626	Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [55] Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[56]
17	Battle of the Trench	February 627 [57]	Quran 33:10–13, ^[Quran 3:22][58] Sahih Bukhari 5:59:435, Sahih Muslim, 31:4940 and more Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq[58] Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[59]
18	Invasion of Banu Qurayza	February–March 627	^[Quran 33:26],[60] Quran 33:09 & 33:10[61][62] Sunan Abu Dawood, 38:4390 Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:68, Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:57:66 and more Tabari, Volume 8, Victory of Islam[63]
19	Invasion of Banu Lahyan	September 627 [52][53]	Sahih Muslim, 20:4672[64] Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[65]
20	Treaty of Hudaybiyyah	March 628 [66]	^[Quran 48:24], ^[Quran 48:18] [67] Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[68]
21	Conquest of Fidak	May 628 [69]	^[Quran 59:6],^[Quran 59:7][70] Sahih Muslim, 19:2961 Sunan Abu Dawud, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal[71]
22	Battle of Khaybar	May/June 628 [72]	^[Quran 48:15], ^[Quran 48:20][73] Sahih Bukhari Sahih Muslim, 19:4450[74]
23	Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura	May 628 [69]	Al-Muwatta, 21 13.25 Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet[75]
24	Conquest of Mecca	December 629 [76]	Quran 12:91–92, ^[Quran 34:49], ^[Quran 49:13][77] Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:582, Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2678 and more Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[78]
25	Battle of Hunayn	January 630 [79]	^[Quran 9:25], ^[Quran 9:26] [80] Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:53:370, Al-Muwatta, 21 10.19[80]
26	Battle of Autas	630 [81]	^[Quran 4:24][82][83] Sahih Muslim, 8:3432, Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:612 and more Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[84]
27	Siege of Ta'if	January 630 [85]	Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:615, Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:93:572 and more Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq[86]
28	Battle of Tabouk	October 630 [87]	^[Quran 9:49], ^[Quran 9:29], Quran 9:42–48,[88] ^[Quran 9:81] [89] Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:702, Sahih al-Bukhari, 6:60:199 and more

Notes

• Ibn Hisham edited the biography of Muhammad written by Ibn Ishaq.^[90] Ibn Ishaq's work is lost and is now only known in the recensions of Ibn Hisham and al-Tabari.^[91] Therefore, when Ibn Hisham is mentioned as a primary source, so is Ibn Ishaq

See also

• Rules of war in Islam

References

1. Zakaria Bashier, War and Peace in the Life of the Prophet Muhammad, p. 11, ISBN 9780860375203
2. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK. august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)
3. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan
4. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 345.
5. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 118.
6. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 13, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat
7. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 285.
8. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 245, ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8
9. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. pp. 285–286.
10. Hajjah Amina Adil (2002), Muhammad, the Messenger of Islam: His Life & Prophecy, Islamic Supreme Council of America, p. 292, ISBN 1-930409-11-7
11. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 286.
12. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).
13. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133–138. (online)
14. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. (online)
15. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 210.
16. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
17. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 361. Raid called al-Sawiq
18. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 33–34. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
19. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 254.
20. Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī (1987), Al-Tawḥīd, 5, Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept, p. 86
21. Rodwell, JM, The Koran, Phoenix, p. 342, ISBN 978-1-84212-609-7, This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.
22. Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 248. ISBN 978-9960-897-54-7.(online)
23. Francis E. Peters (1993). A Reader on classical Islam. Princeton University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-691-00040-4.
24. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 32. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
25. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 86, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
26. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 659.
27. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
28. Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. (free online)
29. Strauch, Sameh (2006), Biography of the Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 472, ISBN 978-9960-9803-2-4
30. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 40–41. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
31. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. (online)
32. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 362. Raid of al Furu of Bahran
33. William Montgomery Watt (1961), Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, p. 135, ISBN 0-19-881078-4, The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About ...
34. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 105, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).
35. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.
36. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299–300.
37. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 296 (footnote 2).
38. Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625) (free online)
39. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, p. 89, ISBN 978-1-86179-682-0(online)
40. Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator) (2002), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1
41. Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222–224.
42. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137–141.
43. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181–183. (online)
44. Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, p. 89, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 1-86179-682-X
45. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 390.
46. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)
47. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. (online)
48. Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner (2009). World religions and norms of war. United Nations University Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-92-808-1163-6.
49. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 192. (online)
50. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press
51. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
52. Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 978-9957-05-164-8.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
53. Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960-897-54-7.(online)
54. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. (online)
55. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 657.
56. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 76. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, to Dumat Al-Jandal
57. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 216.
58. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196–198.
59. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 82–84. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
60. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 978-1-86179-611-0(online)
61. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 978-1-86179-611-0(online)
62. Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
63. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 978-0-7914-3150-4
64. Yahiya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (2005), Riyad-us Saliheen, Islamic Books See no. 1309
65. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 97. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
66. Emory C. Bogle (1998), Islam: origin and belief, University of Texas Press, p. 19.
67. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214–215.
68. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 211. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
69. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 180. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.(online)
70. Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri, also see Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version
71. Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).
72. Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed. (free online)
73. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.
74. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433–434.
75. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am
76. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
77. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251–253.
78. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 165–174. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
79. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
80. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261–262. (online)
81. Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors Check |url= value (help), State University of New York (SUNY) Press, 1998, p. 101, ISBN 0-7914-2819-2, Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630
82. Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥanbal, Susan Ann Spectorsky (translator), Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm Ibn Rāhwayh (1993). Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Rāhwayh. University of Texas Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-292-77672-2.
83. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 24, ISBN 978-1-86179-563-2 (online) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"
84. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 194. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
85. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 481, ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8 Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
86. Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 591.
87. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
88. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-86179-650-9.
89. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-86179-650-9.
90. Kathryn Kueny, The Rhetoric of Sobriety: Wine in Early Islam, pg. 59. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-7914-9018-1
91. Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, vol. 2, pg. 298. Trns. Franz Rosenthal. Issue 43 of Bollingen Series (General) Series. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967. ISBN 978-0-691-09797-8

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