List of costliest American Civil War land battles

This is a list of the costliest land battles of the American Civil War, measured by casualties (killed, wounded, captured, and missing) on both sides.^{[upper-alpha 1]}

Highest casualty battles

Battle	Campaign	Date	Nearest Town			Union	Confederacy			Total
				Strength		Commander		Casualties
Gettysburg	Gettysburg Campaign	July 1–3, 1863	Gettysburg, Pennsylvania	93,921	71,699	George G. Meade	Robert E. Lee	23,055	23,231	46,286
Chickamauga	Chickamauga Campaign	September 19–20, 1863	Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia	60,000	65,000	William Rosecrans	Braxton Bragg	16,170	18,454	34,624
Spotsylvania Court House	Overland Campaign	May 8–21, 1864	Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia	100,000	52,000	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	18,399	13,421	31,820
Chancellorsville	Chancellorsville Campaign	May 1–4, 1863	Chancellorsville, Virginia	133,868	60,892	Joseph Hooker	Robert E. Lee	17,197	13,303	30,500
The Wilderness	Overland Campaign	May 5–7, 1864	Locust Grove, Virginia	101,895	61,025	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	17,666	11,125	28,791
Stones River (Murfreesboro)	Stones River Campaign	December 31, 1862 – January 2, 1863	Murfreesboro, Tennessee	41,400	35,000	William Rosecrans	Braxton Bragg	12,906	11,739	24,645
Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing)	Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers	April 6–7, 1862	Shiloh, Tennessee	66,812	44,699	Ulysses S. Grant	Albert Sidney Johnston	13,047	10,699	23,746
Antietam (Sharpsburg)	Maryland Campaign	September 17, 1862	Sharpsburg, Maryland	75,500	38,000	George B. McClellan	Robert E. Lee	12,401	10,316	22,717
2nd Bull Run (2nd Manassas)	Northern Virginia Campaign	August 29–30, 1862	Manassas, Virginia	62,000	50,000	John Pope	Robert E. Lee	10,000	8,300	18,300
Fredericksburg	Fredericksburg Campaign	December 11–15, 1862	Fredericksburg, Virginia	114,000	72,500	Ambrose Burnside	Robert E. Lee	12,653	5,377	18,030
Cold Harbor	Overland Campaign	May 31 – June 12, 1864	Mechanicsville, Virginia	108,000	59,000	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	12,737	4,595	17,332
2nd Petersburg	Richmond–Petersburg Campaign	June 15–18, 1864	Petersburg, Virginia	62,000	38,000	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	11,386	4,000	15,386
Gaines's Mill	Peninsula Campaign	June 27, 1862	Mechanicsville, Virginia	34,214	57,018	George B. McClellan	Robert E. Lee	6,837	7,993	14,830
Missionary Ridge	Chattanooga Campaign	November 25, 1863	Chattanooga, Tennessee	56,359	44,010	Ulysses S. Grant	Braxton Bragg	5,824	6,667	12,491
Atlanta	Atlanta Campaign	July 22, 1864	Atlanta, Georgia	34,863	40,438	William T. Sherman	John Bell Hood	3,641	8,499	12,140
Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)	Peninsula Campaign	May 31 – June 1, 1862	Mechanicsville, Virginia	34,000	39,000	George B. McClellan	Joseph E. Johnston	5,031	6,134	11,165
Nashville	Franklin–Nashville Campaign	December 15–16, 1864	Nashville, Tennessee	55,000	30,000	George H. Thomas	John Bell Hood	3,061	6,000	9,061
Cedar Creek	Sheridan's Valley Campaign	October 19, 1864	Middletown, Virginia	31,610	21,102	Philip Sheridan	Jubal Early	5,764	2,910	8,674
Opequon	Sheridan's Valley Campaign	September 19, 1864	Winchester, Virginia	40,000	12,000	Philip Sheridan	Jubal Early	5,020	3,610	8,630
Franklin	Franklin-Nashville Campaign	November 30, 1864	Franklin, Tennessee	27,000	27,000	John M. Schofield	John Bell Hood	2,326	6,252	8,578
Malvern Hill	Peninsula Campaign	July 1, 1862	Varina, Virginia	54,000	55,000	George B. McClellan	Robert E. Lee	2,100	5,650	7,750
3rd Petersburg	Richmond-Petersburg Campaign	April 2, 1865	Petersburg, Virginia	76,113	58,400	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	3,500	4,250	7,750
Perryville	Kentucky Campaign	October 8, 1862	Perryville, Kentucky	22,000	16,000	Don Carlos Buell	Braxton Bragg	4,276	3,401	7,677
Glendale	Peninsula Campaign	June 30, 1862	Varina, Virginia	40,000	45,000	George B. McClellan	Robert E. Lee	3,797	3,673	7,470
2nd Corinth	Iuka and Corinth Operations	October 3–4, 1862	Corinth, Mississippi	23,000	22,000	William S. Rosecrans	Earl Van Dorn	2,520	4,233	6,753
Peachtree Creek	Atlanta Campaign	July 20, 1864	Atlanta, Georgia	21,655	20,250	George H. Thomas	John Bell Hood	1,710	4,796	6,506
Champion Hill	Vicksburg Campaign	May 16, 1863	Edwards, Mississippi	32,000	22,000	Ulysses S. Grant	John C. Pemberton	2,457	3,840	6,297
Richmond, Kentucky	Kentucky Campaign	August 29–30, 1862	Richmond, Kentucky	6,850	6,500	William "Bull" Nelson	Edmund K. Smith	5,353	451	5,804
The Crater	Richmond-Petersburg Campaign	July 30, 1864	Petersburg, Virginia	8,500	6,100	Ulysses S. Grant	Robert E. Lee	3,798	1,491	5,289
Fort Stedman	Richmond-Petersburg Campaign	March 25, 1865	Petersburg, Virginia	14,898	10,000	John G. Parke	John B. Gordon	1,044	4,000	5,044
South Mountain	Maryland Campaign	September 14, 1862	Boonsboro, Maryland	28,000	18,000	George B. McClellan	Robert E. Lee	2,325	2,685	5,010
1st Bull Run (1st Manassas)	Manassas Campaign	July 21, 1861	Manassas, Virginia	35,000	34,000	Irvin McDowell	P. G. T. Beauregard	2,896	1,982	4,878

Notes

1. All strengths and casualties are cited in the named articles. The Siege of Vicksburg (37,532 total casualties), the Battle of Appomattox Court House (28,469), the Siege of Port Hudson (17,500), the Battle of Fort Donelson (16,537), the Battle of Harpers Ferry (12,922), the Battle of Island Number Ten (7,108), and the Battle of Munfordville (4,862) have been omitted from this list because the casualty figures include very high percentages of soldiers surrendered.

See also

• List of American Civil War battles
• Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War