List of massacres in China

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in China (numbers may be approximate or exaggerated):

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
Guangzhou massacre	878–879	Guangzhou	120,000	Foreign merchants (Muslim Arabs, Muslim Persians, Zoroastrian Persians, Christians, and Jews) were killed
Yangzhou massacre	1645	Yangzhou
Dzungar genocide	1755–1757	Dzungar Khanate	480,000 to 600,000	80% of population killed
Jindandao incident	1891	Inner Mongolia	150,000 Mongols	The secret society called Jindandao revolted and wanted to kill and wipe out all the Mongols, therefore the massacre took place.
Ningpo Massacre	1800s	Ningbo	40	Cantonese pirates supported by the Qing massacred 40 Portuguese pirates
Port Arthur massacre	1894, November 21	Lüshunkou, Liaoning	1000–20,000
Kucheng Massacre	1895, August 1	Gutian, Fujian	11
Taiyuan Massacre	1900, July	Taiyuan, Shanxi
Shanghai massacre of 1927	1927, April 12	Shanghai	300–400	5000 missing
Kizil massacre	1933, June	near Kashgar, Xinjiang	800
Nanking Massacre	1937, December 13	Nanjing	40,000–300,000	The death toll is disputed, ranging from some Japanese claims of several hundred,[1] to the Chinese claim of a non-combatant death toll of 300,000.[2] Most other nations believe the death toll to be between 150,000–300,000, based on the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal verdict, and another estimate of the civilian toll (excluding soldiers and POWs) is about 40,000–60,000, which corresponds to the figures from three sources.[3]
Changjiao massacre	1943, May 9–12	Changjiao, Hunan	30,000
Landlord Classicide under Mao Zedong	1948–1950	Nationwide in China	800,000 to 28,000,000 mean estimate of 4,500,000	[4]
Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries	1950–1951	Nationwide in China	712,000[5] to 2,000,000[6]
Great Leap Forward	1958–1961	Nationwide in China	3,500,000 to 5,500,000	Millions were tortured to death or committed suicide during the Great Leap Forward.[7] Excludes those who perished of starvation.
Cultural Revolution	1969–1979	Nationwide in China	400,000[8] [9] to 10,000,000[10]
Daoxian massacre	1967, August 13 – October 17	Daoxian, Hunan	4519	A massacre during the Cultural Revolution.
Tiananmen incident massacre	1989, June 4	Beijing	241–10,000	Somewhere between 241 and 10,000 civilians were killed. The Red Cross states that around 2,600 died and the official Chinese government figure is 241 dead with 7,000 wounded.[11] Amnesty International's estimates puts the number of deaths at several hundred to close to 1,000. NATO intelligence reported around 7,000 and the Soviet Union reported around 10,000. As many as 10,000 estimated people were arrested during the protests.
Ghulja Incident	1997, February 5	Ghulja, Xinjiang	9–167
Kunming massacre	2014, March 1	Kunming	33 (including four perpetrators)

References

1. Masaaki Tanaka claims that very few citizens were killed, and that the massacre is in fact a fabrication in his book “Nankin gyakusatsu” no kyokō (The "Nanking Massacre" as Fabrication).
2. "Why the past still separates China and Japan" Robert Marquand (August 20, 2001) Christian Science Monitor. States an estimate of 300,000 dead.
3. "''The Nanking Atrocities: Fact and Fable''". Wellesley.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
4. Rummel, Rudolph J. (2007). China's bloody century: genocide and mass murder since 1900. Transaction Publishers. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-4128-0670-1.
5. Yang Kuisong (March 2008). "Reconsidering the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries". The China Quarterly. 193: 102–121. doi:10.1017/S0305741008000064.(subscription required)summary at China Change blog
6. Changyu, Li. "Mao's "Killing Quotas." Human Rights in China (HRIC). 26 September 2005, at Shandong University" (PDF).
7. Dikötter (2010). pp. 298, 304.
8. Maurice Meisner (1999). Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic (3rd ed.). Free Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0684856353.
9. Maurice Meisner (1999). Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic (3rd ed.). Free Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0684856353.
10. The Chinese Case: Was It Genocide or Poor Policy?
    Merrill Goldman
    Tuesday, December 5, 1995
    Lydia Perry
    "The Cultural Revolution was modern China’s most destructive episode. It is estimated that 100 million people were persecuted and about five to ten million people, mostly intellectuals and party officials lost their lives."
    https://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/speakers-and-events/all-speakers-and-events/genocide-and-mass-murder-in-the-twentieth-century-a-historical-perspective/the-chinese-case-was-it-genocide-or-poor-policy
11. Zhang 2001, p. 436.