List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 312.11

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 312.11 under that system. These instruments are idiochord tube zithers.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument

312: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface (tube zithers)

312.1: Instrument has a string carrier made from a complete tube (whole-tube zithers)

312.11: Instrument is an idiochord

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

4: Hammers or beaters
5: Bare hands and fingers
6: Plectrum
7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
8: Keyboard
9: Using a mechanical drive

List

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
valiha^[1]^[2]	Madagascar	312.11	Tubular zither

References

von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. Galpin Society. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.

Notes

↑ "Afropop Glossary". Afropop. Retrieved December 17, 2007. zither, national instrument of Madagascar, similar in sound to the kora
↑ "Like a God When He Plays". Retrieved December 17, 2007.

Hornbostel–Sachs system

1. Idiophone
(list)

11. Struck	111. Directly 111.1. Concussion 111.2. Percussion 112. Indirectly 112.1. Shaken/rattle 112.2. Scraped/rasp

12. Plucked	121. Frame 121.1. Clack 121.2. Guimbarde 122. Comb 122.1. Lace 122.2. Cut out

13. Friction	131. Stick Nail violin 132. Plaque Musical saw Daxophone 133. Vessel Glass harmonica

14. Blown	141. Stick 142. Plaque

2. Membran-
ophone
(list)

21. Struck	211. Directly 211.1. Bowl 211.2. Tubular 211.3. Frame 212. Shaken

22. Plucked	Nyatiti

23. Friction	231. Stick 232. Cord 233. Hand

24. Kazoo	241. Free 242. Tube/vessel

3.
Chordophone
(list)

31. Simple / zither	311. Bar/stick Musical bow Stick zither 312. Tube Whole Half 313. Raft Idiochord Heterochord 314. Board 315. Trough 316. Frame

32. Composite	321. Lute 321.1. Bow 321.2. Yoke 322. Harp 322.1. Open 322.2. Frame 323. Harp lute

4. Aerophone
(list)

41. Free	411. Displacement Whip 412. Interruptive 412.1. Idiophonic/reed 412.2. Non-idiophonic 413. Plosive

42. Non-free	421. Flute 421.1. Non-fipple 421.2. Fipple 422. Reed 422.1. Double reed 422.2. Single reed 422.3. Reedpipe 423. Brass 423.1 Natural 423.2 Chromatic

5.
Electrophone
(list)

51. Action
52. Amplification
53. Radioelectric
- Theremin

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