Title |
Holder |
Date gained |
Date lost |
Notes |
Duke of Cornwall (1337) | Prince Charles | 1612 | 1625 | 1st Duke of York; Ascended the Throne, and all his honours merged in the Crown |
Prince Charles James | 1629 | 1629 | Died, and the Dukedom lapsed to the Crown |
Duke of Richmond (1623) | Ludovic Stuart, 1st Duke of Richmond | 1623 | 1624 | New creation; died, title extinct |
Duke of Buckingham (1623) | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham | 1623 | 1628 | New creation for the 1st Marquess of Buckingham; died |
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham | 1628 | 1687 | |
Marquess of Winchester (1551) | William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester | 1598 | 1628 | Died |
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester | 1628 | 1675 | |
Earl of Arundel (1138) | Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel | 1604 | 1646 | |
Earl of Oxford (1142) | Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford | 1604 | 1625 | Died |
Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford | 1625 | 1632 | |
Earl of Shrewsbury (1442) | George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury | 1617 | 1630 | |
Earl of Kent (1465) | Charles Grey, 7th Earl of Kent | 1615 | 1623 | Died |
Henry Grey, 8th Earl of Kent | 1623 | 1639 | |
Earl of Derby (1485) | William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby | 1594 | 1642 | |
Earl of Worcester (1514) | Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester | 1589 | 1628 | Died |
Henry Somerset, 5th Earl of Worcester | 1628 | 1646 | |
Earl of Cumberland (1525) | Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland | 1605 | 1641 | |
Earl of Rutland (1525) | Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland | 1612 | 1632 | |
Earl of Huntingdon (1529) | Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon | 1604 | 1643 | |
Earl of Sussex (1529) | Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex | 1593 | 1629 | Died |
Edward Radclyffe, 6th Earl of Sussex | 1629 | 1643 | |
Earl of Bath (1536) | William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath | 1561 | 1623 | Died |
Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath | 1623 | 1636 | |
Earl of Southampton (1547) | Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton | 1581 | 1624 | Died |
Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton | 1624 | 1667 | |
Earl of Bedford (1550) | Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford | 1585 | 1627 | Died |
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford | 1627 | 1641 | |
Earl of Pembroke (1551) | William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke | 1601 | 1630 | |
Earl of Devon (1553) | William Courtenay, de jure 3rd Earl of Devon | 1557 | 1630 | |
Earl of Northumberland (1557) | Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland | 1585 | 1632 | |
Earl of Hertford (1559) | Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford | 1559 | 1621 | Died |
William Seymour, 2nd Earl of Herford | 1621 | 1660 | |
Earl of Essex (1572) | Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex | 1604 | 1646 | |
Earl of Lincoln (1572) | Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln | 1619 | 1667 | |
Earl of Nottingham (1596) | Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham | 1596 | 1624 | Died |
Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham | 1624 | 1642 | |
Earl of Suffolk (1603) | Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk | 1603 | 1626 | Died |
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk | 1626 | 1640 | |
Earl of Dorset (1604) | Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset | 1609 | 1624 | Died |
Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset | 1624 | 1652 | |
Earl of Exeter (1605) | Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter | 1605 | 1623 | Died |
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter | 1623 | 1640 | |
Earl of Montgomery (1605) | Philip Herbert, 1st Earl of Montgomery | 1605 | 1649 | |
Earl of Salisbury (1605) | William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury | 1612 | 1668 | |
Earl of Richmond (1613) | Ludovic Stewart, 1st Earl of Richmond | 1613 | 1624 | Created Duke of Richmond, see above |
Earl of Somerset (1613) | Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset | 1613 | 1645 | |
Earl of Bridgewater (1617) | John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater | 1617 | 1649 | |
Countess of Buckingham (1618) | Mary Villiers, Countess of Buckingham | 1618 | 1632 | |
Earl of Northampton (1618) | William Compton, 1st Earl of Northampton | 1618 | 1630 | |
Earl of Leicester (1618) | Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester | 1618 | 1626 | Died |
Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester | 1626 | 1677 | |
Earl of Warwick (1618) | Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick | 1618 | 1658 | |
Earl of Devonshire (1618) | William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire | 1618 | 1626 | Died |
William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire | 1626 | 1628 | Died |
William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire | 1628 | 1684 | |
Earl of March (1619) | Esmé Stewart, 1st Earl of March | 1619 | 1624 | Succeeded to the Dukedom of Lennox (Peerage of Scotland); died |
James Stewart, 2nd Earl of March | 1624 | 1655 | Duke of Lennox in the Peerage of Scotland |
Earl of Cambridge (1619) | James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Cambridge | 1619 | 1625 | Marquess of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland; died |
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Cambridge | 1625 | 1649 | Marquess of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland |
Earl of Warwick (1621) | John Ramsay, 1st Earl of Holderness | 1621 | 1626 | New creation; died, title extinct |
Earl of Berkshire (1621) | Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire | 1621 | 1622 | New creation; died, title extinct |
Earl of Carlisle (1622) | James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle | 1622 | 1636 | New creation |
Earl of Denbigh (1622) | William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh | 1622 | 1643 | New creation; Viscount Feilding in 1620 |
Earl of Bristol (1622) | John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol | 1622 | 1653 | New creation |
Earl of Middlesex (1622) | Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex | 1622 | 1645 | New creation; Baron Cranfield in 1621 |
Earl of Anglesey (1623) | Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey | 1623 | 1630 | New creation |
Earl of Holland (1624) | Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland | 1624 | 1649 | New creation; Baron Kensington in 1623 |
Earl of Clare (1624) | John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare | 1624 | 1637 | New creation |
Earl of Bolingbroke (1624) | Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke | 1624 | 1646 | New creation |
Earl of Westmorland (1624) | Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland | 1624 | 1629 | New creation |
Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland | 1629 | 1666 | |
Earl of Cleveland (1626) | Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Cleveland | 1626 | 1667 | New creation |
Earl of Danby (1626) | Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby | 1626 | 1644 | New creation |
Earl of Manchester (1626) | Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester | 1626 | 1642 | New creation; Viscount Mandeville in 1620 |
Earl of Marlborough (1626) | James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough | 1626 | 1629 | New creation; Baron Ley in 1624; died |
Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough | 1629 | 1638 | |
Earl of Mulgrave (1626) | Edmund Sheffield, 1st Earl of Mulgrave | 1626 | 1646 | New creation |
Earl of Totness (1626) | George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes | 1626 | 1629 | New creation; died, title extinct |
Earl of Berkshire (1626) | Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire | 1626 | 1669 | New creation; Viscount Andover in 1622 |
Earl of Monmouth (1626) | Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth | 1626 | 1639 | New creation; Baron Carey in 1622 |
Earl of Banbury (1626) | William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury | 1626 | 1632 | New creation |
Earl of Norwich (1626) | Edward Denny, 1st Earl of Norwich | 1626 | 1637 | New creation |
Earl Rivers (1626) | Thomas Darcy, 1st Earl Rivers | 1626 | 1640 | New creation; Viscount Colchester in 1621 |
Earl of Lindsey (1626) | Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey | 1626 | 1642 | New creation |
Earl of Sunderland (1627) | Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland | 1627 | 1630 | New creation |
Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1628) | William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne | 1628 | 1676 | New creation; Viscount Mansfield in 1620 |
Earl of Dover (1628) | Henry Carey, 1st Earl of Dover | 1628 | 1666 | New creation; Viscount Rochford in 1621 |
Earl of Peterborough (1628) | John Mordaunt, 1st Earl of Peterborough | 1628 | 1643 | New creation |
Earl of Stamford (1628) | Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford | 1628 | 1673 | New creation |
Earl of Winchilsea (1628) | Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea | 1628 | 1634 | New creation; Viscountess Maidstone in 1623 |
Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (1628) | Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull | 1628 | 1643 | New creation; Viscount Newark in 1627 |
Earl of Carnarvon (1628) | Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon | 1628 | 1643 | New creation |
Earl of Newport (1628) | Mountjoy Blount, 1st Earl of Newport | 1628 | 1666 | New creation; Baron Mountjoy in 1627 |
Earl of Chesterfield (1628) | Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield | 1628 | 1656 | New creation |
Earl of Thanet (1628) | Nicholas Tufton, 1st Earl of Thanet | 1628 | 1632 | New creation; Baron Tufton in 1626 |
Earl of St Albans (1628) | Richard Burke, 1st Earl of St Albans | 1628 | 1635 | New creation; also Earl of Clanricarde in the Peerage of Ireland; Viscount Tunbridge in 1624 |
Viscount Montagu (1554) | Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu | 1592 | 1629 | Died |
Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu | 1629 | 1682 | |
Viscount Wallingford (1616) | William Knollys, 1st Viscount Wallingford | 1616 | 1632 | Created Earl of Banbury, see above |
Viscount Doncaster (1618) | James Hay, 1st Viscount Doncaster | 1618 | 1636 | Created Earl of Carlisle, see above |
Viscount Purbeck (1618) | John Villiers, 1st Viscount Purbeck | 1619 | 1657 | New creation |
Viscount St Alban (1621) | Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans | 1621 | 1626 | New creation; died, title extinct |
Viscount Saye and Sele (1624) | William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele | 1624 | 1662 | New creation |
Viscount Wimbledon (1625) | Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon | 1625 | 1638 | New creation |
Viscount Savage (1626) | Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage | 1626 | 1635 | New creation |
Viscount Conway (1627) | Edward Conway, 1st Viscount Conway | 1627 | 1631 | New creation; Baron Conway in 1625 |
Viscount Bayning (1628) | Paul Bayning, 1st Viscount Bayning | 1628 | 1629 | New creation; died |
Paul Bayning, 2nd Viscount Bayning | 1629 | 1638 | |
Viscount Campden (1628) | Baptist Hicks, 1st Viscount Campden | 1628 | 1629 | New creation; died |
Edward Noel, 2nd Viscount Campden | 1629 | 1643 | |
Viscount Dorchester (1628) | Dudley Carleton, 1st Viscount Dorchester | 1628 | 1632 | New creation; Baron Carleton in 1626 |
Viscount Wentworth (1628) | Thomas Wentworth, 1st Viscount Wentworth | 1628 | 1641 | New creation; Baron Wentworth in 1628 |
Baron le Despencer (1264) | Mary Fane, 3rd Baroness le Despenser | 1604 | 1626 | Died; Barony succeeded by the Earl of Westmorland, and held by his heirs until 1762, when it fell into abeyance |
Baron de Clifford (1299) | Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford | 1605 | 1676 | |
Baron Morley (1299) | William Parker, 13th Baron Morley | 1618 | 1622 | Died |
Henry Parker, 14th Baron Morley | 1622 | 1655 | |
Baron Zouche of Haryngworth (1308) | Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche | 1569 | 1625 | Died, Barony fell into abeyance, until terminated in 1815 |
Baron Willoughby de Eresby (1313) | Robert Bertie, 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby | 1601 | 1640 | Created Earl of Lindsey in 1626, Barony held by his heirs until 1779 |
Baron Dacre (1321) | Richard Lennard, 13th Baron Dacre | 1616 | 1630 | |
Baron Scrope of Bolton (1371) | Emanuel Scrope, 11th Baron Scrope of Bolton | 1609 | 1630 | Created Earl of Sunderland in 1627, on his death, the Earldom became extinct, and Barony dormant |
Baron Berkeley (1421) | George Berkeley, 8th Baron Berkeley | 1613 | 1658 | |
Baron Dudley (1440) | Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley | 1586 | 1643 | |
Baron Saye and Sele (1447) | William Fiennes, 8th Baron Saye and Sele | 1613 | 1662 | Created Viscount Saye and Sele in 1624, Barony held by his heirs, until 1781, when both titles became extinct |
Baron Stourton (1448) | Edward Stourton, 10th Baron Stourton | 1588 | 1633 | |
Baron Ogle (1461) | Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle | 1626 | 1629 | Abeyance resolved; died, Barony succeeded by the Earl of Newcastle, and held by his heir until 1691, when it fell into abeyance |
Baron Willoughby de Broke (1491) | Fulke Greville, 5th Baron Willoughby de Broke | 1606 | 1628 | Died |
Margaret Greville, 6th Baroness Willoughby de Broke | 1628 | 1631 | |
Baron Monteagle (1514) | William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle | 1581 | 1622 | Died |
Henry Parker, 5th Baron Monteagle | 1622 | 1655 | |
Baron Vaux of Harrowden (1523) | Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden | 1595 | 1661 | |
Baron Sandys of the Vine (1529) | William Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys | 1560 | 1623 | Died |
William Sandys, 4th Baron Sandys | 1623 | 1629 | Died |
Elizabeth Sandys, 5th Baroness Sandys | 1629 | 1645 | |
Baron Windsor (1529) | Thomas Windsor, 6th Baron Windsor | 1605 | 1642 | |
Baron Wentworth (1529) | Thomas Wentworth, 4th Baron Wentworth | 1593 | 1667 | Created Earl of Cleveland, see above |
Baron Mordaunt (1532) | John Mordaunt, 5th Baron Mordaunt | 1601 | 1644 | Created Earl of Peterborough; Barony held by his heirs until 1697 |
Baron Cromwell (1540) | Thomas Cromwell, 4th Baron Cromwell | 1607 | 1653 | Created Viscount Lecale in the Peerage of Ireland in 1624, Barony held by his heirs |
Baron Eure (1544) | William Eure, 4th Baron Eure | 1617 | 1646 | |
Baron Wharton (1545) | Philip Wharton, 3rd Baron Wharton | 1572 | 1625 | Died |
Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton | 1625 | 1695 | |
Baron Sheffield (1547) | Edmund Sheffield, 3rd Baron Sheffield | 1568 | 1646 | Created Earl of Mulgrave, see above |
Baron Willoughby of Parham (1547) | Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham | 1618 | 1666 | |
Baron Darcy of Aston (1548) | John Darcy, 3rd Baron Darcy of Aston | 1602 | 1635 | |
Baron Darcy of Chiche (1551) | Thomas Darcy, 3rd Baron Darcy of Chiche | 1581 | 1640 | Created Earl Rivers in 1626, see above |
Baron Paget (1552) | William Paget, 4th Baron Paget | 1604 | 1629 | Died |
William Paget, 5th Baron Paget | 1629 | 1678 | |
Baron North (1554) | Dudley North, 3rd Baron North | 1600 | 1666 | |
Baron Chandos (1554) | Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos | 1602 | 1621 | Died |
George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos | 1621 | 1655 | |
Baron Hunsdon (1559) | Henry Carey, 4th Baron Hunsdon | 1617 | 1666 | Created Earl of Dover in 1628, see above |
Baron St John of Bletso (1559) | Oliver St John, 4th Baron St John of Bletso | 1618 | 1646 | Created Earl of Bolingbroke in 1624, see above |
Baron De La Warr (1570) | Henry West, 4th Baron De La Warr | 1618 | 1628 | Died |
Charles West, 5th Baron De La Warr | 1628 | 1687 | |
Baron Norreys (1572) | Francis Norris, 2nd Baron Norreys | 1601 | 1622 | Created Earl of Berkshire, and died on the following day |
Elizabeth Wray, 3rd Baroness Norreys | 1622 | 1645 | |
Baron (A)bergavenny (1604) | Edward Nevill, 1st Baron Bergavenny | 1604 | 1622 | Died |
Henry Nevill, 2nd Baron Bergavenny | 1622 | 1641 | |
Baron Danvers (1603) | Henry Danvers, 1st Baron Danvers | 1603 | 1644 | Created Earl of Danby, see above |
Baron Gerard (1603) | Gilbert Gerard, 2nd Baron Gerard | 1617 | 1622 | |
Dutton Gerard, 3rd Baron Gerard | 1622 | 1640 | |
Baron Grey of Groby (1603) | Henry Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Groby | 1614 | 1673 | Created Earl of Stamford, see above |
Baron Petre (1603) | William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre | 1613 | 1637 | |
Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1603) | Francis Russell, 2nd Baron Russell of Thornhaugh | 1613 | 1641 | Succeeded as Earl of Bedford, see above |
Baron Spencer (1603) | Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer of Wormleighton | 1603 | 1627 | Died |
William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton | 1627 | 1636 | |
Baron Wotton (1603) | Edward Wotton, 1st Baron Wotton | 1603 | 1628 | Died |
Thomas Wotton, 2nd Baron Wotton | 1628 | 1630 | |
Baron Denny (1604) | Edward Denny, 1st Baron Denny | 1604 | 1630 | Created Earl of Norwich, see above |
Baron Arundell of Wardour (1605) | Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour | 1605 | 1639 | |
Baron Carew (1605) | George Carew, 1st Baron Carew | 1605 | 1629 | Created Earl of Totness, see above |
Baron Stanhope of Harrington (1605) | John Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope | 1605 | 1621 | Died |
Charles Stanhope, 2nd Baron Stanhope | 1621 | 1675 | |
Baron Knyvett (1607) | Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet | 1607 | 1622 | Died, title extinct |
Baron Clifton (1608) | Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton | 1618 | 1637 | |
Baron Dormer (1615) | Robert Dormer, 2nd Baron Dormer | 1616 | 1643 | Created Earl of Carnarvon, see above |
Baron Teynham (1616) | Christopher Roper, 2nd Baron Teynham | 1618 | 1622 | Died |
John Roper, 3rd Baron Teynham | 1622 | 1628 | Died |
John Roper, 3rd Baron Teynham | 1628 | 1673 | |
Baron Houghton (1616) | John Holles, 1st Baron Houghton | 1616 | 1637 | Created Earl of Clare, see above |
Baron Stanhope of Shelford (1616) | Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope of Shelford | 1616 | 1656 | Created Earl of Chesterfield, see above |
Baron Noel (1617) | Edward Noel, 1st Baron Noel | 1617 | 1643 | Succeeded as Viscount Campden, see above |
Baron Verulam (1618) | Francis Bacon, 1st Baron Verulam | 1618 | 1626 | Created Viscount St Alban, see above |
Baron Digby (1618) | John Digby, 1st Baron Digby | 1618 | 1653 | Created Earl of Bristol, see above |
Baron Brooke (1621) | Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke | 1621 | 1628 | New creation, died |
Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke | 1628 | 1643 | |
Baron Montagu of Boughton (1621) | Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton | 1621 | 1644 | New creation |
Baron Grey of Warke (1624) | William Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Werke | 1624 | 1674 | New creation |
Baron Deincourt (1624) | Francis Leke, 1st Baron Deincourt | 1624 | 1655 | New creation |
Baron Robartes (1625) | Richard Robartes, 1st Baron Robartes | 1625 | 1634 | New creation |
Baron Craven (1627) | Willian Craven, 1st Baron Craven | 1627 | 1697 | New creation |
Baron Fauconberg (1627) | Thomas Belasyse, 1st Baron Fauconberg | 1627 | 1653 | New creation |
Baron Lovelace (1627) | Richard Lovelace, 1st Baron Lovelace | 1627 | 1634 | New creation |
Baron Poulett (1627) | John Poulett, 1st Baron Poulett | 1627 | 1649 | New creation |
Baron Clifford (1628) | Henry Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford | 1628 | 1643 | New creation |
Baron Brudenell (1628) | Thomas Brudenell, 1st Baron Brudenell | 1628 | 1663 | New creation |
Baron Hervey (1628) | William Hervey, 1st Baron Hervey | 1628 | 1642 | New creation; also Baron Hervey in the Peerage of Ireland |
Baron Strange (1628) | James Stanley, 1st Baron Strange | 1628 | 1651 | New creation |
Baron Maynard (1628) | William Maynard, 1st Baron Maynard | 1628 | 1640 | New creation; also Baron Maynard in the Peerage of Ireland |
Baron Coventry (1628) | Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry | 1628 | 1640 | New creation |
Baron Weston (1628) | Richard Weston, 1st Baron Weston | 1628 | 1635 | New creation |
Baron Goring (1628) | George Goring, 1st Baron Goring | 1628 | 1644 | New creation |
Baron Mohun of Okehampton (1628) | John Mohun, 1st Baron Mohun of Okehampton | 1628 | 1640 | New creation |
Baron Savile (1628) | John Savile, 1st Baron Savile of Pontefract | 1628 | 1630 | New creation |
Baron Boteler (1628) | John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Brantfield | 1628 | 1637 | New creation |
Baron Dunsmore (1628) | Francis Leigh, 1st Baron Dunsmore | 1628 | 1653 | New creation |
Baron Powis (1629) | William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis | 1629 | 1655 | New creation |
Baron Herbert of Chirbury (1629) | Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury | 1629 | 1648 | New creation |