Manikkavacakar
| MaanikkaVaasagar ManiVaasagar | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Vaadhavoor Adigal TiruVadhavoor |
| Titles/honours | Nayanar saint, Naalvar |
| Philosophy | Shaivism Bhakti |
| Literary works | Tiruvaasakam, Tevaram ThiruVaasagam ThirukKovaiyaar |
| Quotation | Namachivaaya Vaazhga |
Maanikavasagar was a 9th-century Tamil poet who wrote Tiruvasakam, a book of Shaiva hymns. Maanikavasakar was one of the main authors of Saivite Tirumurai: his work forms one volume of the Tirumurai, the key religious text of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta. A minister to the Pandya king Varagunavarman II (c. 862 C.E. – 885 C.E.) (also called Arimarthana Pandiyan), he lived in Madurai. His work is a poetic expression of the joy of God-experience, the anguish of being separated from God. Although he is a prominent saint in Southern India, he is not counted among the sixty-three nayanars.
Life
 | ||
|---|---|---|
| The twelve volumes of Tamil Śaiva hymns of the sixty-three Nayanars | ||
| Parts | Name | Author |
| 1,2,3 | Tirukadaikkappu | Sambandar |
| 4,5,6 | Tevaram | Tirunavukkarasar |
| 7 | Tirupaatu | Sundarar |
| 8 | Tiruvacakam & Tirukkovaiyar | Manikkavacakar |
| 9 | Tiruvisaippa & Tiruppallaandu | Various |
| 10 | Tirumandhiram | Tirumular |
| 11 | Various | |
| 12 | Periya Puranam | Sekkizhar |
| Paadal Petra Sthalam | ||
| Paadal Petra Sthalam | ||
| Raja Raja Chola I | ||
| Nambiyandar Nambi | ||
Manikkavasakar is said to have born in Vadhavoor (Thiruvadhavoor, near by Melur in Madurai district), seven miles from Madurai on the banks of river Vaigai. He belonged to saivite temple priest guild(Pandithar). His father was a temple priest.[1] The group wore a top tilted knot to denote servitorship to Lord Siva like sambandar, etc. A mural and statuette of Manikkavasagar with head knot is seen in Tirupperunturai near Pudukkottai. A poetic and elaborate hagiography of Manikkavasagar and his works was written in the 16th century and is called Tiruvilayadal puranam, meaning "An account of divine deeds". The same is not available now in its original form. Another called Vadhavoorar puranam and yet another Sanskrit work of the 12th century CE on the same saint is now missing.
According to accounts the king of Pandyan dynasty had selected Manikkavasagar as a part of his legion after seeing his military acumen and had once entrusted him with a large amount of money to purchase horses for his cavalry. On his way he met an ascetic devotee of Siva, who in fact was Siva himself. Manikkavasakar received enlightenment, realised that material things are transitory and built the temple of Siva in Tirupperunturai with the money.[2] King Varaguna also was preached with knowledge of reality and blessed with mukthi after Lord Siva made him realize his small worldly mistake. Varaguana maharaja immediately gave up his throne and attained muthi at feet of Lord Sivan.
Manikkavasakar's birth name is unclear, but he was known as Vadhavoorar after his birthplace. Manikkavasakar means man with words as precious as Manikam.
According to Ramana Maharshi, it's said that when Manikkavasakar died, his body dissolved in a blinding light without leaving a corpse behind him.[3]
Literary work
Thereafter Manikkavasakar moved from one place to other, singing and composing devotional songs. Finally, he settled in Chidambaram. His Tiruvasakam is placed near the idol of Shiva there.several verses of tiruvasagam including the accho patikam after singing which he attained mukti at thillai nataraja's feet are also engraved in the walls of the chidambaram temple. The tiruchazhal hymn after singing which the communal buddists were exposed is also engraved in one of the prakarams. The work tiruchitrambalakkovaiyar was sung entirely in thillai chidambaram. Throughout his work manikkavasagar discusses how important it is to forego attachments and cultivate dispassionate, devoted, sincere and simple hearted love to lord siva inorder to attain his beatitude and also that the five letters of namasivaya alone give one mukti.
Manikkavasakar's work has several parts. The Tiruvembavai , a collection of twenty hymns in which he has imagined himself as a woman following the Paavai Nonbu and praising Shiva. The twenty songs of Tiruvembavai and ten songs of Tiruppalliezhuchi on the Tirupperunturai Lord are sung all over Tamil Nadu in the holy month of Margazhi ( The 9th month of the Tamil calendar, December and January).
Manickavasagar is believed to have won intellectual arguments with Buddhists of Ceylon at Chidambaram.[4] His festival is celebrated in the Tamil month of Aani (June - July). Manikkavasakar's hagiography is found in the Thiruvilaiyadar Puranam (16th century AD).
In 1921, an English translation of Manikkavacakar's hymns was done by Francis Kingsbury and GE Phillips, both of United Theological College, Bangalore (Edited by Fred Goodwill) and published in a book as Hymns of the Tamil Śaivite Saints, by the Oxford University Press [5]
Associated temples
Manickavasagar visited various temples in Thanjavur, North Arcot, Chengalpattu, Madras, Tirunelveli and Madurai districts and revered the deities.[6]
- Sculptures illustrating his life are found in the Minakshi-Sundaresvara temple at Madurai.[7]
- Manikkavasakar is said to have built the temple of Siva in Tirupperunturai.
- He is said to have lived at Chidambaram Tamil Nadu.
- He is closely associated with Tiru Uthirakosamangai.
Tiruvembavai is sung along with Andal's Tiruppavai widely across the temples in Tamil Nadu during the Tamil month of Margazhi (December - January).[8]
Notes
- ↑ Nayanars
- ↑ B.S. 2011, p. 77
- ↑ Talks with Ramana Maharshi- chapter 215
- ↑ B.S. 2011, p. 162
- ↑ Kingsbury, F (1921). Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints (1921) (PDF). Oxford University Press. pp. 84–127. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ↑ B.S. 2011, p. 36
- ↑ R.K.K., Rajarajan (2006). Art of the Vijayanagara-Nayakas: Architecture and Iconography. Delhi: Sharada Publications.
- ↑ B.S. 2011, p. 74
References
- B.S., Chandrababu; S., Ganeshram; C., Bhavani (2011). History of People and Their Environs. Bharathi Puthakalayam. ISBN 9789380325910.
- Dallapiccola, Anna. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend. ISBN 0-500-51088-1.