Maryan (film)

For other uses, see Maryan (disambiguation).
Maryan

Film Poster
Directed by Bharat Bala
Produced by Viswanathan Ravichandran
Written by Joe D'Cruz(Dialogue)
Screenplay by Bharat Bala
Sriram Rajan
Story by Bharat Bala
Starring Dhanush
Parvathy
Salim Kumar
Music by A.R Rahman
Cinematography Marc Koninckx
Edited by Vivek Harshan
Production
company
Distributed by Aascar Film Pvt Ltd (Tamil)
SVR Media (Telugu)
Release dates
 19 July 2013 (2013-07-19) (Tamil)
20 November 2015 (2015-11-20) (Telugu)
Running time
 133 minutes
Country India
Language Tamil

Maryan (pronounced Mariyāņ; English: The Immortal) is a 2013 Indian Tamil romantic survival film directed by Bharat Bala starring Dhanush alongside Parvathi.[1] Produced by Venu Ravichandran, the film has music and background score composed by A. R. Rahman[2] and cinematography by Marc Koninckx.[3] Dialogues in the film are penned by R N Joe D' Cruz.

The film revolves around a story of human survival adapted from a newspaper article of a real-life crisis event, when three oil workers from Tamil Nadu were kidnapped and taken hostage in Sudan by mercenaries.[4] The film is an emotional journey of a common man to an unknown place with the hope to come home and lead a better life.[5] The film released in Auro 3D sound format[6] on selective screens in India and worldwide on 19 July 2013.[7] The film received positive critical reception in India.[8] The film had the biggest opening in the United States amongst all Indian films releasing on the same date.[9] However, in Tamil Nadu the film was declared as an average grosser.[10] The dubbed Telugu version of the film titled 'Mariyaan' was released on 31 July 2015.[11]

Plot

Maryan Joseph (played by Dhanush) is a fisherman in a village named Neerody. He has an auspicious bond with sea and proudly claims himself as "Kadal Raasa" (King of Ocean). There is Panimalar (Parvathy) who falls in love with Maryan and doesn’t shy away in confessing it to him. Maryan is loved and longed by Panimalar but sadly her feelings are not reciprocated. The more Maryan tries to keep Panimalar away from him, the closer she tries to get. This eventually leads to Maryan falling for Panimalar. Once, Panimalar is caught in unfortunate circumstances and to support her financially, Maryan is forced to take up employment on contract basis for two years in Sudan. He then befriends Saami (Jagan) and is his only companion for two years. He successfully completes his tenure and packs bags in jubilation to return to his ladylove, but tragedy strikes in the form of Sudanese terrorists, who end up kidnapping Maryan and two of his co-workers, demanding money for their freedom. One of his co-worker gets killed by the head terrorist (Christophe Minie). After 21 days in captivity, Maryan escapes with Saami and runs for his life. He gets separated from Saami, who gets killed later on, and gets lost in the desert and suffers from dehydration and confronts cheetahs as his mirage. After finding the coast he fights the terrorist who catches up with him and escapes. He then returns to his village where his love is waiting for him.

Cast

Production

Development

"I was one of the jury members at the National awards committee that chose Dhanush as the best actor for Aadukalam. His performance in Aadukalam moved me. I was looking for a real person to carry this character. I needed to believe the character, his emotions and his journey. Who else but Dhanush could give me what I wanted?"

—Director Bharat Bala on approaching Dhanush, who had won the 58th National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Aadukalam.[12]

In early 2011, director Bharat Bala read about a 2008 incident involving three immigrant oil workers from India being kidnapped in the Darfur region of Sudan and how they had managed to escape from post being hostages. While improvising his script, the director met the former hostages who were held for 21 days under captivity. In late September 2011, the director narrated the first half of the film script to actor Dhanush and he agreed play the character Maryan. During this time, the filmmaker was done with half of the screenplay. Following his casting in the film, actor Dhanush became involved in character and screenplay-related discussions that were carried on for six months.[12] In March 2012, the film and collaborations were officially announced.[13] After a lot of research, the director came up with the film title and stated it is the name of the character. In Tamil it translates to "A man who never dies". As per the film script, it implies that the spirit of the man never dies.[12]

The director opined that the fishing community in southern India goes through terrible hardship and countries like Nigeria, Sudan, Libya borrow them as hard labor. The character played by actor Dhanush is a physically strong, economically poor but simple man from a very remote village who was in need of a job and hence, this forms the outline of the film.[12] Parvathy was signed on to play a key role as character Maryan's love interest in the film.[14] The director was inspired by the 2008 French-Liberian film Johnny Mad Dog, which starred a real life group of LURD child soldiers and subsequently chose them as well as the cinematographer of that film, Marc Koninckx, to be a part of Maryan.[12]

A press release from March 2013 along with a poster revealed the film's outline as "A young man is faced with adversity. Life deals him immense challenges, and forces him to struggle to thrive. But he does, nevertheless, fighting to survive by thriving on the sheer undying spirit of the human will to survive. Along his thrilling journey is a tryst with adventure, a smattering of drama and a gritty tale that shows the power of love in extreme circumstances. And that is the story of Maryan."[15] In an interview with Zee News, Bharatbala quoted, "Even though it (Maryan) is about the fight for survival, it deals with several other emotions such as love, separation and struggle. The story recounts a beautiful journey about the separation of the protagonist from his loved ones and his struggle to reunite".[5]

Filming

As the film's story takes place in Sudan and in Kanyakumari, India,[16] Bharatbala noted that filming had to take place in two contrasting terrains. The sandy rugged locations in Africa were shot in Liberia, made to look like Sudan, and several other portions were shot in a month. Subsequent close-up scenes featuring supporting cast members from Africa were filmed in India. The first schedule of the film began in Namibia, with scenes including a fight sequence supervised by Dilip Subarayan, being canned.[17] The song "Nenje Ezhu" was shot in Namibia's Coastal Deserts featuring the leading duo.[18] Dhanush also shared screen space with a cheetah.[19]

The final schedule of the film started in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu in November 2012 and filming took place over a couple of months throughout the coastal region of South India.[20] Filming was also held in Mandaikadapudur village close to Kanyakumari, India, named as Neerodi in the film.[21] The entire film was shot in reverse with the climax scenes being filmed first and hence the last scene shot was the beginning scene of the film.[22] Dhanush underwent a special ocean diving course, to swim up to 50 feet underwater.[23] Bharat Bala said that Dhanush would jump with the diving suit, go deep, settle down and get rid of the suit and then surge for the actual shot.[5] Dhanush had two underwater support divers to supply him air during the underwater scenes. The underwater scenes were filmed in Andamans .[24] Certain arid land scenes were also shot at Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.

The film incorporates firm Barco NV's Auro 11.1 surround sound technology. The re-recording in the Auro format was done at composer A R Rahman's AM Studios making it the first Tamil film to mix native sounds in the format.[6] Bharatbala claimed, one would find three different contrasting uses of the Auro 3D sound in the film. First, in the fishing village and the feel of the ocean surface, then deep into the desert and the sonic sounds and textures of the ocean, 50–55 feet under the water.[25] He revealed through Twitter that the film's digital intermediate works were completed by 9 July 2013. Scenes during the making of the movie were placed with the end credits of the film.[26]

Soundtrack

Main article: Maryan (soundtrack)

The music and background score of the film was composed by A R Rahman.The complete soundtrack album was released at the composer's recording studio in Chennai on 13 May 2013. The album was also made available as mastered for iTunes version.[27] The day after release, the track "Nenjae Ezhu" topped all the charts with over one crore online listeners.[28] After one month of the release of the soundtrack album, the songs "Nenjae Ezhu" and "Kadal Raasa Naan" attained the peak position on the Radio Mirchi South Top 20 charts, whereas "Sonapareeya" peaked at #3 and "Innum Konjam Neram" at #18.[29][30]

The soundtrack album was entitled as "Tamil Album of Year" in iTunes’ Best of 2013.[31]

Controversies

The third teaser as well as a promotional film poster depicting a smoking Dhanush[32][33] were criticised by former Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare of India, Anbumani Ramadoss. He claimed that the scenes prioritise smoking in the movie and hence it is a punishable offence to appear smoking in cinemas. Following this, reports claimed that the actor was in discussions with the director for the removal of such contents from the film.[34]

Marketing

The first official poster of the film was released on 28 March 2013.[35] A thirty-second teaser featuring only Dhanush only released on 29 March 2013.[36] On 31 March 2013, another 40-second teaser with a musical score was released that showed Dhanush with a spear in his hand, diving into deep sea in a breath and hunting on the seabed.[24] The third teaser of 30 seconds was released on 4 April 2013. It depicted the actor fighting and smoking.[32] The teaser of the song "Nenje Ezhu" was released on 26 April 2013. It crossed over three lakh views on YouTube in less than two days.[37] A R Rahman extended an invitation through YouTube for the premiere of the song "Nenjae Ezhu" on 3 May 2013.[38] The official trailer was released on 1 May 2013.[39] After the trailer garnered nearly seven lakh views in one day on Sony India's music channel, it was re-released as an upgraded Vevo version.[40] On 19 June 2013 a press meet headed by the director claimed that the film utilised the Auro 3D sound technology.[41] The actor, director and the music composer promoted the film at an event at Jaya TV studios that was aired live on 23 June 2013.[42]

The promotions for the dubbed Telugu version of the film began from February 2015. The dubbed trailer was released on 14 February 2015.[43]

Release

The satellite rights of the film were secured by Jaya TV. Initially set to release on 31 May 2013,[44] due to post-production and re-recording works, the release date was changed to 21 June 2013. There was a scarcity of scrutiny theatres for the certification process so, the film was censored on 17 June 2013.[45] The film was given a "U/A" certificate by the Indian Censor Board for its theme and some violence in the climax. However, it was re-censored to exempt itself from entertainment tax and hence, was given a "U" certificate.[46] The release date of 21 June 2013 was cancelled to avoid clash with Dhanush's Hindi debut film Raanjhanaa and delayed process for censoring. The film was eventually released on 19 July 2013.[47]

The estimate number of screens of the film in Tamil Nadu were 350. As of July 2013, 27 screens out of these were equipped with the Auro 3D surround sound. The release in remaining India would be 100.[48] Maryan wasn't released in Andhra Pradesh whereas out of 50 screens all over Karnataka, the film released on 39 screens in Bangalore, three in Mysuru, two in Mangaluru and rest in other areas of the state.[49] In Kerala, distribution rights were acquired by Sagara Entertainment, releasing the film in about 79 screens.[50] The Telugu version was distributed by SVR Media.[51]

Bharat Creations secured the distribution rights of the film in the United States and North America.[52] The screens in United States were 25 whereas 6 in Canada. The film released in UK in cities, precisely Feltham, Ilford, Staples, Crawley, & Wandsworth.

A special screening of the film was held at Mumbai on 11 August 2013.[53] The dubbed Telugu version of the film was released nearly two years later on 11 September 2015.[54]

Critical reception

The film received generally positive reviews upon release. The film's technicalities, performances of the lead actors and the score were applauded by the critics.[55]

At The Times of India, N Venkateswaran gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and quoted, "A soulful love story, but candy floss is not on the menu."[56] At The New Indian Express, Malini Mannath wrote, "Cocktail of love and action, lyrical in its narrative style in the first half, the film could, however, have done with more coherence and conviction in its second half".[57] Sandesh of One India Entertainment summarised, "Dhanush's sufferings on-screen, bursting and agony during emotional scenes have come out well. The film is a must watch for Dhanush's fans." He gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5.[58] S Sarawasthi of Rediff gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and claimed, "Mariyaan is a beautiful love story. However, what brings the film down a notch is the pace, especially the second half, which seems to drag quite a bit. And though the film may not appeal to all, it is definitely a must watch."[59] Critical review board at Behindwoods gave the verdict, "A film with breathtaking visuals, heart-stopping music, terrifically talented cast set on a very leisurely paced narrative." They rated 3 on a scale of 5[60] Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu noted, "A wonderful romance, but needed to be more."[61] Vivek Ramz of in.com summarised, "'Mariyaan' is a realistic and touching love saga and definitely deserves a watch! Better watch it in Auro 3D screen to experience it best." He rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5.[62]

Box office

International

At the Box Office of United States, the film had the biggest opening amongst all Indian films releasing on the same date.[9] In its opening weekend, at the UK and Ireland Box Office the film has collected £13,675 on 5 screens.[63] The film earned approximately ₹10 lakh (equivalent to ₹13 lakh or US$20,000 in 2016) in the second weekend. The total collections, one month estimate was ₹23.23 lakh (equivalent to ₹31 lakh or US$46,000 in 2016). At the Australian box office, the film raked in approximately ₹25 lakh (equivalent to ₹33 lakh or US$49,000 in 2016) at the end of the second weekend.[64]

Domestic

The film netted approximately ₹1.65 crore (equivalent to ₹2.2 crore or US$320,000 in 2016) in first weekend from nearly 35 screens and overall 531 shows in Chennai and suburbs. 85% average occupancy was recorded for these days.[65][66] After 10 days, Maryan grossed around ₹3.82 crore (equivalent to ₹5.0 crore or US$750,000 in 2016) in Chennai City and its vicinity.[50] In Coimbatore, Neelagiri, Erode and Tirupur, it crossed the ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹1.3 crore or US$200,000 in 2016) mark by 10 days. By end July 2013, a total of 55 screens were screening the movie. In Kanchipuram two theatres alone, the film grossed ₹6 lakh (equivalent to ₹7.9 lakh or US$12,000 in 2016).[50] Overall, the weekdays in the first week had 80% theatre occupany.

In the second week number of weekend shows in Chennai were 306 and average theatre occupancy was 65%. The collections for the weekend grossed ₹75 lakh (equivalent to ₹99 lakh or US$150,000 in 2016). During the subsequent weekdays, number of shows in Chennai were 600 with theatre occupancy 60% and the film grossed ₹1.44 crore (equivalent to ₹1.9 crore or US$280,000 in 2016). The second weekend experienced a drop compared to the first, but prime multiplexes reported near full houses. All over Karnataka, especially in Bengaluru City the film opened with a mixed response and second weekend’s occupancy was less than 40% at the multiplexes.[50][67]

In the third week number of weekend shows in Chennai were 117 and average theatre occupancy was degraded to 55%. The collections for the weekend grossed ₹18 lakh (equivalent to ₹24 lakh or US$35,000 in 2016). For the following weekdays, number of shows in Chennai were 372 with theatre occupancy 40% and the film grossed ₹52.06 lakh (equivalent to ₹69 lakh or US$100,000 in 2016).[67]

After a month of the film release, weekend shows in the same city were 39 and average theatre occupancy further dipped to 40%. The collections for the weekend grossed ₹4 lakh (equivalent to ₹5.3 lakh or US$7,800 in 2016). For the subsequent weekdays, number of shows in Chennai were 132 with theatre occupancy 30% and the film grossed ₹10 lakh (equivalent to ₹13 lakh or US$20,000 in 2016).[67]

Accolades

Distributor Date announced Category Recipient Result Reference
Edison Awards
January 2014
Best Actor
Dhanush
 Nominated [68]
Best Music Director
A R Rahman
Best Playback Singer – Male
Yuvan Shankar Raja
(for the song "Kadal Raasa Naan")
Best DOP (cinematography)
Marc Koninckx
Best Choreographer
Bharathi Raghuraam
Filmfare Awards
12 July 2014
Best Actor (Critic's choice)
Dhanush
 Won [69]
Best Music Director
A R Rahman
 Nominated
Best Playback Singer – Male
Yuvan Shankar Raja
(for the song "Kadal Raasa Naan")
Best Actress (female)
Parvathy

References

  1. ↑ "Dhanush's next with Bharatbala". The Times of India. 15 March 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  2. ↑ "Rahman: I am back". IndiaGlitz. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  3. ↑ "Dhanush's next: 'Maryan'!". IndiaGlitz. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  4. ↑ "Bharat Bala, Dhanush, AR Rahman: Maryan is a film to watch out for". Sify. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 "Tamil film industry more open to fresh stories: Bharatbala". Zee News. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  6. 1 2 Nick Dager (19 June 2013). "AM Studios, Chennai, Mixes Maryan with Barco's Auro 11.1". Digital Cinema Report. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  7. ↑ "Maryan's release date officially announced!". Behindwoods. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  8. ↑ "Maryan is a Must watch!". in.com. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  9. 1 2 "At the USA Boxoffice, amongst Indian releases". Twitter – Taran Adarsh. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  10. ↑ Chennai Box-Office – July 26 to 28. Sify.com (30 July 2013). Retrieved on 7 January 2014.
  11. ↑ "Dhanush Mariyaan is all set to release on July 31". telugucinemas.in. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Shobha Warrier (25 March 2013). "'Dhanush's performance in Aaduklaam moved me'". Rediff Movies. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  13. ↑ "Dhanush joins the ARR and Bharat Bala league". Behindwoods. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  14. ↑ "Parvathy Menon opposite Dhanush?". IndiaGlitz. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  15. ↑ "Dhanush's Maryan story revealed". Times of India. 30 March 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  16. ↑ "Actors should fit the landscape of film: Bharatbala". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  17. ↑ "Dhanush and AR Rahman make magic". Behindwoods. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  18. ↑ Anupama Subramanian (18 August 2012). "Rahman sings for Dhanush in Maryan". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  19. ↑ Srinivasa Ramanujam (1 August 2013). "Dhanush's animal instincts on screen!". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  20. ↑ "Maryan shooting enters final schedule". IndiaGlitz. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  21. ↑ Rinku Guptan (11 May 2013). "'I see only Dhanush as Mariyaan'". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  22. ↑ "'Maryan' shot in reverse". Times of India. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  23. ↑ "Dhanush immersed himself into Maryan character: Bharat Bala". OneIndia. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  24. 1 2 Ramchander (3 April 2013). "Dhanush's Maryan promo gets 2 lakh hits". One India Entertainment. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  25. ↑ Sudhish Kamath (13 July 2013). "Bringing Maryan alive". Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  26. ↑ Bharatbala. "Maryan just finished DI with Colorist Rob". Bharatbala on Twitter. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "Sony Music releases two 'Mastered for iTunes' albums". Radio and Music. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  28. ↑ "Nenjae Yezhu – Topping The Charts". Rahman360. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  29. ↑ "TAMIL TOP 20 – Radio Mirchi". radiomirchi.com. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  30. ↑ "Maryan song Kadal Rasa no #1 on RadioMirchi top 20". Twitter posts by Bharatbala. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  31. ↑ "What connects Rahman and Dhanush to Apple?". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  32. 1 2 "Maryan teasers getting better!". Times of India. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  33. ↑ "Maryan smoking scenes might be deleted!". KollyInsider. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  34. ↑ "Dhanush smoking to be scenes deleted?". Times of India. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  35. ↑ "Maryan – First Look". Rahman360. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  36. ↑ "first look at Dhanush starrer #Maryan!". Sony Music South on Twitter. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  37. ↑ "A.R.Rahman's magic repeats itself for Maryan". Behindwoods. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  38. ↑ AR.Rahman – Exclusive Invitation to Nenjae Yezhu Premier (YouTube). Sony Music. 30 April 2013.
  39. ↑ "Dhanush announces release of 'Maryan' trailer". The Times of India. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  40. ↑ Maryan – Official Trailer by Director Bharatbala (YouTube). MaryanMovieVEVO. 2 May 2013.
  41. ↑ "Mariyaan using Auro 11.1 by Barco!". barco.com. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  42. ↑ "Dhanush Rahman & myself on Jaya TV / Maryan promotion". Bharatbala on Twitter. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  43. ↑ "Trailer: Dhanush-starrer Maryan in Telugu". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  44. ↑ "All the important dates for Dhanush's Maryan fall in May". Behindwoods. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  45. ↑ "Dhanush's 'Maryan' censor delayed". The Times of India. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  46. ↑ "'Maryan' gets U", release on June 27". The Times of India. 22 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  47. ↑ Tamil director Bharat Bala praises Dhanush in Maryan – Entertainment – DNA. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 7 January 2014.
  48. ↑ "Maryan in Auro 3D in limited screens". Sify. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  49. ↑ "Exclusive: The nationwide screen counts for Dhanush's Maryan". Behindwoods. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  50. 1 2 3 4 "South India Box Office roundup of Maryan". Behindwoods. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  51. ↑ S.V.R Media Mariyan teaser Launched – TeluguCinemas.in | Telugu Cinemas. TeluguCinemas.in. Retrieved on 29 November 2015.
  52. ↑ "MARYAN'S THALAIVAA CONNECTION !". Cinemalead. 27 May 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  53. ↑ "AR Rahman's special screening of Maryan". Times of India. 12 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  54. ↑ "Mariyaan has locked it's release date". Tollywood Times. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  55. ↑ Shiva Prasad (20 July 2013). "Mariyaan garners amazing response". Times of India. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  56. ↑ N. Venkateswaran (21 July 2013). "Maryan". Times of India. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  57. ↑ "Cocktail of love and action". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  58. ↑ "Mariyaan – Movie Review". One India. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  59. ↑ "Mariyaan is a beautiful love story". Rediff. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  60. ↑ "MARYAN MOVIE REVIEW". Behindwoods. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  61. ↑ "Maryan: Labours of love". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  62. ↑ "Maryan is a must watch!". in.com. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  63. ↑ "Overseas Report: D-Day v/s Ramaiya Vastavaiya". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  64. ↑ "'Mariyaan' Box Office Collection: Dhanush Starrer Earns Over 48 Lakh Overseas". International Business Times. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  65. ↑ "CHENNAI BOX OFFICE". Behindwoods. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  66. ↑ "Chennai Box-Office – July 19–21". Sify. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  67. 1 2 3 "CHENNAI BOX OFFICE". Behindwoods. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  68. ↑ "Edison Awards Nominations". edisonawards.in. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  69. ↑ "61st Idea South Filmfare Awards 2013–14 Winners List". OneIndia. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
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