Michael Hayden (general)

For other uses, see Michael Hayden.
For the composer, see Michael Haydn. For the former Kansas governor, see Mike Hayden.
Michael Hayden
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office
May 30, 2006 – February 12, 2009
President George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Deputy Albert Calland
Stephen Kappes
Preceded by Porter Goss
Succeeded by Leon Panetta
Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
In office
April 21, 2005 – May 30, 2006
President George W. Bush
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Ronald Burgess (Acting)
Director of the National Security Agency
In office
March 1999 – April 21, 2005
President Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Preceded by Kenneth Minihan
Succeeded by Keith Alexander
Personal details
Born Michael Vincent Hayden
(1945-03-17) March 17, 1945
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party Independent[1][2][3]
Alma mater Duquesne University
Military service
Allegiance  United States
Service/branch  United States Air Force
Years of service 1967–2008
Rank General
Battles/wars War on Terror
Awards Defense Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Defense Superior Service Medal (2)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star
Meritorious Service Medal (3)

Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the National Security Agency, Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Hayden currently co-chairs the Bipartisan Policy Center's Electric Grid Cyber Security Initiative.[4]

He was Director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1999 to 2005. During his tenure as director, he oversaw the controversial NSA surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups, which resulted in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.

On April 21, 2005, then Lt. Gen Hayden, was confirmed by the United States Senate as the first Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence and awarded his fourth star-making him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces".[5] He served in this position under DNI John Negroponte until May 26, 2006.

On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the position of CIA Director following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12–3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26 by a vote of 78–15. On May 30, 2006, and again the following day at the CIA lobby with President George W. Bush in attendance, Hayden was sworn in as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Hayden speaking at the National Security Law Journal symposium on cybersecurity April 2, 2013, in Washington, D.C.

On July 1, 2008, Hayden retired from the Air Force after over 41 years of service and continued to serve as Director of the CIA until February 12, 2009.[6] He received an honorary doctorate from the Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC in 2009. He is currently a principal at the Chertoff Group, a security consultancy co-founded by former Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff.[7] Hayden also serves as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government. He was elected to the Board of Directors of Motorola Solutions effective January 4, 2011.[8]

Early life, career, and family

Michael Vincent Hayden was born on March 17, 1945, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to an Irish-American couple, Sadie (Murray) and Harry V. Hayden Jr.,[9] who worked as a welder for a Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a sister, Debby, and a brother, Harry.

He went to St. Peter's Elementary school where, in 7th and 8th grade he played quarterback on the school football team then being coached by Dan Rooney, the son of the founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and current Chairman of the team. Michael Hayden graduated from North Catholic High School. One of Hayden's first jobs was as an equipment manager for the Steelers.[10] Hayden went on to Duquesne University in Pittsburgh where he earned a B.A. in history in 1967 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He then attended graduate school at Duquesne for an M.A. in modern American history. He continues to be an avid fan of the hometown Pittsburgh Steelers, since the 1990s travelling with his wife and family to at least 3–4 games a year.[10]

He was commissioned through University of Pittsburgh's Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program.[11] Hayden entered active military service in 1969.

Hayden has served as commander of the Air Intelligence Agency and Director of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center, both headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base. He also has served in senior staff positions in the Pentagon; Headquarters U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany; the National Security Council, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's Republic of Bulgaria. Prior to becoming Director of the National Security Agency, the general served as deputy chief of staff for United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, Yongsan Garrison. He has also worked in intelligence in Guam.

He is married to Jeanine Carrier, and they have a daughter and two sons, Margaret, Michael and Liam.

Intelligence career

Air Intelligence Agency

From 1996 to 1997, Hayden served as Commander of the AIA, an agency of 16,000 charged with defending and exploiting the "information domain."[12]

National Security Agency

Hayden served as the Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As the Director of NSA and Chief of CSS, he was responsible for a combat support agency of the Department of Defense with military and civilian personnel stationed worldwide.[13]

Strategy for the NSA

Hayden came to the NSA at a time of great trouble in the agency. Internal government analysis indicated it suffered from a lack of quality management and an outdated IT infrastructure. In fact soon after he came on board, a huge part of the NSA network system crashed and was down for several days. Part of his plan to revitalize the agency was to introduce more outside contractors, induce a lot of old managers to retire and get rid of old management structures. Part of his plan also included increased openness at the agency; it had historically been one of the most secretive organs of government. He notably allowed James Bamford access for his book Body of Secrets.[14] Hayden was also initially extremely concerned with following the laws against domestic surveillance. Many reports say that after 9/11, he became more concerned with stopping terrorism, and allegedly softened his stance against domestic surveillance.[14][15][16][17] Hayden however has said that he believed everything the agency was doing was "effective, appropriate, and lawful".[18]

On 9/11, Hayden immediately evacuated all non-essential personnel from NSA headquarters. After 9/11, the agency greatly increased its activity. Details about its operations have been largely hidden, but it played a major role in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the Global war on terror. One notable example is its relationship with the Unmanned aerial vehicle 'drone' program.[19]

Wiretaps of domestic communication

In May 2006, USA Today reported that, under Hayden's leadership, the NSA created a domestic telephone call database. During his nomination hearings, Hayden defended his actions to Senator Russ Feingold and others, stating that he had relied upon legal advice from the White House that building the database was supported by Article Two of the United States Constitution executive branch powers (in which the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"), overriding legislative branch statutes forbidding warrantless surveillance of domestic calls, which included the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Previously, this action would have required a warrant from a FISA court. The stated purpose of the database was to eavesdrop on international communications between persons within the U.S. and individuals and groups overseas in order to locate terrorists.[20]

Trailblazer

Hayden also championed the Trailblazer Project, a "transformation" project with a large Information Technology component. The project was criticized by several NSA staffers for not including privacy protections for US citizens and for being a waste of money. The critics included Diane S Roark, of the House Intelligence Committee, NSA workers Thomas Andrews Drake, Binney, Wiebe, and Loomis, and others. Hayden severely rebuked these critics. Several quit in protest. After investigations by the NSA inspector general, the DOD inspector general, and Congress, Trailblazer was shut down.[18]

Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

Hayden is sworn in as Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

As part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the CIA chief no longer would run the intelligence community. Instead a new office was created for this purpose; the Director of National Intelligence. General Hayden became the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from May 2005 to May 2006 under the first DNI, John Negroponte.

Civil liberties

On January 23, 2006, General Hayden participated in a news conference.[21] A YouTube video[22] was posted of Michael Hayden telling reporters at a press conference that "probable cause" is not required for all searches or seizures under the Fourth Amendment, correctly indicating instead that the standard is whether the search or seizure is reasonable. "Probable cause" is required for a warrant if the search or seizure is deemed to be "unreasonable."

George W. Bush announces his nomination of Hayden as the next Director of the CIA as Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte looks on.

Hayden referred to people who believed that enhanced interrogation techniques used against CIA detainees have never yielded useful intelligence, as "interrogation deniers".[23]

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

Michael Hayden speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015.

On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency after the resignation of Porter J. Goss on May 5, 2006.[24] He was later confirmed on May 26, 2006, as Director, 78–15, by full U.S. Senate vote.[25]

Critics of the nomination and Hayden's attempts to increase domestic surveillance included Senator Dianne Feinstein who stated on May 11, 2006, that "I happen to believe we are on our way to a major constitutional confrontation on Fourth Amendment guarantees of unreasonable search and seizure".[26]

In 2007, Hayden lobbied to allow the CIA to conduct drone strikes purely on the behavior of ground vehicles, with no further evidence of connection to terrorism.[27]

In 2008 Hayden warned from the destabilizing consequences of Muslim migration to Europe that might raise the possibility of civil unrest.[28]

In 2013, after the P5+1 reached a nuclear agreement with Iran, Hayden said, "We have accepted Iranian uranium enrichment."[29]

The 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture cited an email prepared by a subordinate that indicated that as CIA Director, Hayden instructed that out-of-date information be used in briefing Congress so that fewer than 100 Guantanamo Bay detainees would be reported.[30]

Military career

Awards and decorations

Master Intelligence Badge
Presidential Service Badge
 Defense Distinguished Service Medal with two bronze oak leaf clusters
 Defense Superior Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
Width-44 crimson ribbon with a pair of width-2 white stripes on the edges Legion of Merit
Width-44 scarlet ribbon with width-4 ultramarine blue stripe at center, surrounded by width-1 white stripes. Width-1 white stripes are at the edges. Bronze Star Medal
Width-44 crimson ribbon with two width-8 white stripes at distance 4 from the edges.
 Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters
Air Force Commendation Medal
Air Force Achievement Medal
 Joint Meritorious Unit Award with oak leaf cluster
V
 Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with "V" Device and two oak leaf clusters
 Air Force Organizational Excellence Award with oak leaf cluster
National Security Medal[31]
Distinguished Intelligence Medal[31]
Bronze star
Bronze star
Width=44 scarlet ribbon with a central width-4 golden yellow stripe, flanked by pairs of width-1 scarlet, white, Old Glory blue, and white stripes
 National Defense Service Medal with two service stars
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Korea Defense Service Medal
Armed Forces Service Medal
 Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon with two oak leaf clusters
 Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon with three oak leaf clusters
 Air Force Longevity Service Award with eight oak leaf clusters
Air Force Longevity Service Award (tenth award)
Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
Air Force Training Ribbon
Order of National Security Merit, Cheon-Su Medal (Republic of Korea)
Officer of the Order of Australia (July 1, 2010, "For service to bilateral and international security relations between Australia and the United States")[32]
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Commander's Cross
Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, Commander with Star[33]

Effective dates of promotion

Promotions
Insignia Rank Date
GeneralApril 22, 2005
Lieutenant General May 1, 1999
Major GeneralOctober 1, 1996
Brigadier GeneralSeptember 1, 1993
ColonelNovember 1, 1990
Lieutenant ColonelFebruary 1, 1985
MajorJune 1, 1980
CaptainDecember 7, 1971
First LieutenantJune 7, 1970
Second LieutenantJune 2, 1967

Quotes

Honors

His native Northside neighborhood of Pittsburgh renamed a major highway leading to Heinz Field in his honor.[34]

On July 26, 2011, Hayden was inducted into the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Alumni in a ceremony at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, officiated by Lt. Gen. Allen G. Peck, Commander, Air University.[11]

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ↑ "I would not label myself as a Republican." comment by General Michael Hayden on August 11, 2016, on MSNBC Morning Joe. See at approximately 6:52 in clip here: http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/general-hayden-trump-insults-his-audience-742217795645
  2. ↑ Comments from General Michael Hayden at a book event in Pittsburgh on August 13, 2016. See approximately 1:50 - 3:37 here: http://www.wpxi.com/news/raw-channel-11s-bill-phillips-sits-down-with-former-cia-nsa-director-general-hayden-/422698571
  3. ↑ "Tweets with replies by Gen Michael Hayden (@GenMhayden) - Twitter".
  4. ↑ "New Collaboration at the Bipartisan Policy Center Confronts the Issues of Cybersecurity Governance and the Electric Power Sector".
  5. ↑ "Biographies : GENERAL MICHAEL V. HAYDEN". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  6. ↑ Hayden announces his retirement from the Air Force, April 23, 2008.
  7. ↑ Chertoff Group (2009). General Michael V. Hayden. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
  8. ↑ Motorola Solutions Announces New Board of Directors Effective Jan. 4. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  9. ↑ "Harry V. Hayden Jr. Obituary: View Harry Hayden's Obituary by Pittsburgh Tribune Review". Pittsburgh Tribune Review.
  10. 1 2 "Mike Wise – Mike Wise: The Spy Who Loved Rooney". Washingtonpost.com. November 3, 2008. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  11. 1 2 Ceremony program, Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Alumni Induction, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, July 26, 2011, page 5.
  12. ↑ [July 1997 Popular Science] Information Warriors of the 609th Popular Science July 1997 on Google Books (needs expanding)
  13. ↑ Hayden Faces Senate and CIA Hurdles if Named: General Has Streak Of Independence And Nonconformity May 7, 2006
  14. 1 2 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, Doubleday, 2001
  15. ↑ Gen. Hayden Statement to Congress – see section 27 Archived March 31, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ EFF class action suit Archived April 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ Remarks By General Michael V. Hayden: What American Intelligence & Especially The NSA Have Been Doing To Defend The Nation] January 23, 2006, his testimony that, "One senior executive confided that the data management needs we outlined to him were larger than any he had previously seen".
  18. 1 2 The Secret Sharer, Jane Mayer, The New Yorker, May 23, 2011, Retrieved May 16, 2011
  19. ↑ James Bamford, The Shadow Factory, 2008, Doubleday
  20. ↑ John Pike. "Remarks By General Michael V. Hayden: What American Intelligence & Especially The NSA Have Been Doing To Defend The Nation".
  21. ↑ Democracy Now! coverage of the January 23 National Press Club meeting., September 7, 2010
  22. ↑ Michael Hayden: "probable cause" is not in the 4th Amendment on YouTube, September 7, 2010
  23. ↑ Birthers, Truthers and Interrogation Deniers, Michael Hayden, June 2011, Wall Street Journal
  24. ↑ Hayden named as Bush CIA choice May 8, 2006
  25. ↑ U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote May 26, 2006
  26. ↑ Bush says U.S. not 'trolling through personal lives', CNN, May 12, 2006
  27. ↑ Porter, Gareth. "CIA's Push for Drone War Driven by Internal Needs." IPS, September 5, 2011.
  28. ↑ Joby Warrick (April 30, 2008). "CIA Chief Sees Unrest Rising With Population". The Washington Post.
  29. ↑ Seher, Jason. "Former CIA head: U.S. has 'accepted Iranian uranium enrichment'". CNN. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  30. ↑ Ashkenas, Jeremy (December 9, 2014). "7 Key Points From the C.I.A. Torture Report". The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  31. 1 2 Paul Bedard (January 16, 2009). "CIA's Hayden, Kappes Receive National Security Medal From Bush". usnews.com. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  32. ↑ "It's an Honour". Itsanhonour.gov.au. July 1, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  33. ↑ , King Honours Intelligence Chiefs
  34. ↑ Bedard, Paul (July 29, 2008). "CIA Director Michael Hayden's Post at the Steelers' Heinz Field – Washington Whispers". usnews.com. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
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Articles
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Preceded by
Kenneth Minihan		 Director of the National Security Agency
1999–2003 		Succeeded by
Keith Alexander
New office Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
2005–2006 		Succeeded by
Ronald Burgess
Acting
Preceded by
Porter Goss		 Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
2006–2009 		Succeeded by
Leon Panetta
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