Michael Strogoff

Michael Strogoff

First edition, 1876
Author	Jules Verne
Original title	Michel Strogoff
Translator	Agnes Kinloch Kingston (published under her husband's name: W. H. G. Kingston)
Illustrator	Jules Férat
Country	France
Language	French
Series	The Extraordinary Voyages #14
Genre	Adventure novel
Publisher	Pierre-Jules Hetzel
Publication date	1876
Published in English	1876
Media type	Print (Hardback)
Preceded by	The Survivors of the Chancellor
Followed by	Off on a Comet

Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (French: Michel Strogoff) is a novel written by Jules Verne in 1876. Critics, including Leonard S. Davidow, writing from Reading, Pennsylvania, in his 1937 introduction to The Spencer Press reprint as a volume in its "Classic Romances of Literature" series consider it one of Verne's best books. Davidow wrote, "Jules Verne has written no better book than this, in fact it is deservedly ranked as one of the most thrilling tales ever written." Unlike some of Verne's other novels, it is not science fiction, but a scientific phenomenon (Leidenfrost effect) is a plot device. The book was later adapted to a play, by Verne himself and Adolphe d'Ennery. Incidental music to the play was written by Alexandre Artus in 1880. The book has been adapted several times for films, television and cartoon series.

Plot summary

Journey across Siberia

Michael Strogoff, a 30-year-old native of Omsk, is a courier for Tsar Alexander II of Russia. The Tartar Khan (prince), Feofar Khan, incites a rebellion and separates the Russian Far East from the mainland, severing telegraph lines. Rebels encircle Irkutsk, where the local governor, a brother of the Tsar, is making a last stand. Strogoff is sent to Irkutsk to warn the governor about the traitor Ivan Ogareff, a former colonel, who was once demoted and exiled and now seeks revenge against the imperial family. He intends to destroy Irkutsk by setting fire to the huge oil storage tanks on the banks of the Angara River.

An illustration from the novel Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar by drawn by Jules Férat.

On his way to Irkutsk, Strogoff meets Nadia Fedor, daughter of an exiled political prisoner, Basil Fedor, who has been granted permission to join her father at his exile in Irkutsk, the English war correspondent Harry Blount of the Daily Telegraph and Alcide Jolivet, a Frenchman reporting for his 'cousin Madeleine'. Blount and Jolivet tend to follow the same route as Michael, separating and meeting again all the way through Siberia. He is supposed to travel under a false identity, posing as the pacific merchant Nicolas Korpanoff but he is discovered by the Tartars when he meets his mother in their home city of Omsk.

Michael, his mother and Nadia are eventually taken prisoner by the Tartar forces. Ivan Ogareff alleges that Michael is a spy. After opening the Koran at random, Feofar decides that Michael will be blinded as punishment in the Tartar fashion, with a hot blade. For several chapters the reader is led to believe that Michael was indeed blinded, but it transpires in fact that he was saved from this fate (his tears at his mother evaporated and saved his corneas) and was only pretending.

Eventually, Michael and Nadia escape, and travel to Irkutsk with a friendly peasant. They are delayed by fire and the frozen river. However, they eventually reach Irkutsk, and warn the Tsar's brother in time of Ivan Ogareff. Nadia's father, who has been appointed commander of a suicide battalion, and later pardoned, joins them and Michael and Nadia are married.

Sources of information

Exact sources of Verne's quite accurate knowledge of contemporary Eastern Siberia remain disputed. One popular version connects it to the novelist's meetings with anarchist Peter Kropotkin; however, Kropotkin arrived in France after Strogoff was published.^[1] Another, more likely source, could have been Siberian businessman Mikhail Sidorov. Sidorov presented his collection of natural resources, including samples of oil and oil shales from Ukhta area, together with photographs of Ukhta oil wells, at the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna, where he could have met Verne.^[1] Real-world oil deposits in Lake Baikal region do exist, first discovered in 1902 in Barguzin Bay and Selenge River delta,^[2] but they are nowhere near the commercial size depicted by Verne.^[3]

Verne's publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel sent the manuscript of the novel to the Russian writer Ivan Turgenev in August 1875 asking him for his comments on the accuracy of the conditions described in the book ^[4]

While the physical description of Siberia is accurate, the Tartar rebellion described is entirely fictional and rather implausible. Wars with Tartars and Mongols were a major aspect of Medieval Russian history, but the Russians gained the upper hand long before the 19th Century, and no Tartar Khan at the time of writing was in a position to act as Feofar is described as doing; depicting late 19th Century Tartars as able to face Russians on anything resembling equal terms is a manifest anachronism.

Adaptations

Title	Year	Country	Director	Strogoff	Notes	Refs
Michael Strogoff	1914	US	Lloyd B. Carleton	Jacob P. Adler	silent
Michel Strogoff	1926	France / Germany	Victor Tourjansky	Ivan Mosjoukine	silent	[5]
Michel Strogoff	1935	France	Jacques de Baroncelli, Richard Eichberg	Anton Walbrook		[6]
Der Kurier des Zaren	1936	Germany	Richard Eichberg	Anton Walbrook		[7]
The Soldier and the Lady	1937	US	George Nicholls, Jr.	Anton Walbrook	later released as Michael Strogoff	[8]
Miguel Strogoff	1943	Mexico	Miguel M Delgado	Julián Soler		[9]
Michel Strogoff	1956	France, Italy, Yugoslavia	Carmine Gallone	Curd Jürgens		[10]
Le Triomphe de Michel Strogoff	1961	France, Italy	Victor Tourjansky	Curd Jürgens		[11]
Strogoff	1970	Bulgaria, France, Italy	Eriprando Visconti	John Phillip Law	Released in Germany as Der Kurier des Zaren and in France as Michel Strogoff	[12]
Michel Strogoff	1975	Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary	Jean-Pierre Decourt	Raimund Harmstorf	4-part TV drama	[13]
Michele Strogoff, il corriere dello zar	1999	Germany, France, Italy	Fabrizio Costa	Paolo Seganti		[14]
Les Aventures extraordinaires de Michel Strogoff	2004	France	Bruno-René Huchez, Alexandre Huchez	Anthony Delon
Michael Strogoff	2013	Italy			episode of TV series "JV: The Extraordinary Adventures of Jules Verne"; totally divergent plot	[15]

The town of Marfa, Texas was named after the character Marfa Strogoff in this novel.^[16]

References

1. Fuks, Matveychuk, pp. 371-373
2. Fuks, Matveychuk, pp. 374-375
3. Fuks, Matveychuk, p. 372
4. I.S. Turgenev, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i pisem v 30 tomakh: Pis'ma, vol. 14 (1875) (Moscow, 2003), p. 136.
5. "Michel Strogoff" British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
6. "Michel Strogoff", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
7. "Der Kurier des Zaren", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
8. "Michael Strogoff", IMDb, retrieved 9 February 2014
9. "Miguel Strogoff", IMDb, retrieved 9 February 2014
10. "Michel Strogoff", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
11. "Le triomphe de Michel Strogoff", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
12. "Strogoff", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
13. " Michel Strogoff", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
14. "Michele Strogoff, il corriere dello zar", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
15. "Les aventures extraordinaires de Michel Strogoff ", British Film Institute, retrieved 9 February 2014
16. "Marfa". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 48: 295. 1944. ISSN 0038-478X. LCCN 12-20299. OCLC 1766223. Retrieved 2013-05-05.

Sources

• Fuks, Igor; Matveychuk, Alexander (2008). Istoki rossiyskoy nefti (Истоки российской нефти) (in Russian). Moscow: Drevlekhranilische. ISBN 978-5-93646-137-8.

External links

• Michael Strogoff at Project Gutenberg
• Michael Strogoff - A play in Five Acts and Sixteen Scenes from JV.Gilead.org.il
• Michael Strogoff public domain audiobook at LibriVox