Minnesota Woman

Skull of "Minnesota Woman" unearthed in 1931.

Second redigging of the Minnesota Woman site by the University of Minnesota, looking toward the west bank of the highway cut, unearthed in 1931

Minnesota Woman, also known as Pelican Rapids-Minnesota Woman, is the name given to the skeletal remains of a woman thought to be 8,000 years old.^[1] The bones were found near Pelican Rapids, Minnesota on June 16, 1931, during construction on U.S. Route 59. The bones were brought to Dr. Albert Jenks at the University of Minnesota, who identified them as the bones of a woman who was 15 or 16 years old,^[1] but who had never borne children. The woman had two artifacts—a dagger made from an elk's horn and a conch shell pendant. The conch shell came from a snail species known as Busycon perversa, which had previously only been known to exist in Florida.^[2]

The road crew dug up the site without an investigation by archaeologists, so some of the exact details of the woman's death were hard to determine. The site indicated that the woman had not been ritually buried, and there was a thin layer of broken clam or mussel shells over the body. This led to the hypothesis that the woman had drowned, either by breaking through the ice or by falling off a boat, and that her body had been covered in mud at the bottom of a glacial lake.

Before 1926, most scientists theorized that human beings had only appeared in America within the last couple of thousand years. The discovery of Minnesota Woman provided evidence that humans had been in America for many thousand years before that. Scientists now recognize the girl as a Paleo-Indian whose ancestors had come across the Bering land bridge during the Pleistocene Ice age. Radiocarbon dating places the age of the bones approximately 8,000 years ago, approximately 7890 ±70 BP^[1] or near the end of the Eastern Archaic period.

These skeletal remains have been reburied in South Dakota on October 2, 1999 by Sioux tribes and are not available for further study.^[3]

See also

• List of hominina fossils

Notes

1. "Academics Archaeology, 1932 to the 1970s." University of Minnesota. 21 August 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
2. "TimePieces: Trade". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
3. Evidence of the Past: A Map and Status of Ancient Remains

References

• "The 'Minnesota Woman' - History of Otter Tail County". Retrieved 2006-11-20.
• "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, January 15, 1933, (Summary of 'Minnesota Pleistocene Homo . . .' by Albert E. Jenks)" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-06.
• "MINNESOTA MAN: A REPLY TO A REVIEW BY DR ALES HRDLICKA, by Albert E. Jenks, 1938". Retrieved 2012-03-06.
• Lass, William E. (1998) [1977]. Minnesota: A History (2nd ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04628-1.