Broad Chalke

Broad Chalke

Reddish House Cottages, Broad Chalke
Broad Chalke
 Broad Chalke shown within Wiltshire
Population 680 [1]
OS grid referenceSU 039 255
Civil parishBroad Chalke
Unitary authorityWiltshire
Ceremonial countyWiltshire
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town Salisbury
Postcode district SP5
Dialling code 01722
Police Wiltshire
Fire Dorset and Wiltshire
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentSalisbury
WebsiteBroad Chalke : Information
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire

Coordinates: 51°01′41″N 1°56′35″W / 51.028°N 1.943°W / 51.028; -1.943

Broad Chalke, sometimes spelled Broadchalke, Broad Chalk or Broadchalk, is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about 8 miles (13 km) west of the city of Salisbury. The civil parish includes the hamlets of Knapp, Mount Sorrel and Stoke Farthing.

Geography

Broad Chalke is in the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is halfway along the 13 miles (21 km) Chalke Valley. The parish has two chalk streams, as the River Chalke flows into the River Ebble at Mount Sorrell in the parish, and the main settlement stands on the banks of the Ebble.

The valley road runs from Salisbury in the east to Shaftesbury in the west between chalk downs on either side. The village sits at a crossroads where a road from Hampshire in the south runs down Knowle Hill and another route from Fovant and Tisbury in the north runs down Compton Down via Fifield Bavant and all roads meet near the public house in North Street. There is also a spur road along the River Chalke valley from Bowerchalke and Sixpenny Handley.

Religious sites

Parish church

All Saints' Church

The parish church of All Saints is a Grade I listed building.[2] It is from the late 13th and 14th centuries, with a 15th-century porch. Restoration in 1846-7 was by Wyatt and Brandon.[3]

Churches at Alvediston and Bowerchalke were considered to be chapels of the Broad Chalke church, until they became separate parishes in 1861 and 1880 respectively.[4] Broad Chalke and Bowerchalke were united in 1952[5] and became part of the Chalke Valley team ministry in 1972.[4]

There are eight bells in the church tower, including one from the 14th century. By 1553 there were four bells, with a fifth added in 1616 and a sixth in 1660.[4] Two more were added to mark the end of the 20th century, as part of a renovation funded by the Millennium Commission.[6]

Other churches

United Reformed Church

A Congregational chapel was built in or before 1801, and replaced by a new church in 1864, which joined the United Reformed Church at its formation in 1972.[7] In 2006 the church was refurbished and divided to provide a community room, then in 2013 the village shop and post office moved into the church.[8] As of 2016, services continue to be held in the church.[9]

Primitive Methodists built a chapel in 1843. The chapel closed c. 1965 and was demolished in 1970.[10]

Amenities

The village has a C of E Primary School[11] and a doctors' surgery. There has been a village hall[12] since 1914 and a Reading Room (also called the Parish Room) on the same site before the village hall was built.

J E Fry & Son, the village shop and Post Office was in South Street and traded as family butchers under the Fry family for almost 100 years. Since the closure of the old village shop and Post Office around Christmas 1992 the butchers began to sell groceries and everyday items and also incorporated the village Post Office which opened within the butchers on 15 June 1993. The shop was featured on BBC South Today as one of the most unusual locations for a Post Office in the region, and the butcher Robert Fry was the subject of ITV's Country Ways programme some years ago. Robert Fry retired on 31 May 2013 and the shop in South Street closed.

Alterations to create a shop and post office in the URC Chapel meeting area commenced on 25 February 2013. Chalke Valley Stores[13] opened on 3 June 2013 and the official opening by Sir Terry Pratchett took place on 22 June 2013. There is a Coffee Shop in the Chapel worship area and an office for the Chalke Valley Community Hub, Chalke Valley Stores, Police, Church Benefice and URC on the balcony, and also a Village Archive on the balcony outside the office.

The local public house is the Queen's Head[14] which enjoys a prime position at a crossroads in North Street adjacent to the shop in the Chapel.

Watercress has been grown in the River Ebble cressbeds for many years and is sold from the packing station[15] at The Marsh.

Sport

The Chalke Valley Sports Centre[16] is located in Knighton Road and has a football pitch, tennis courts, skate park and also a Multi-Use Games Area (MUGA) for table tennis, short mat bowls, pilates and other indoor functions.

The Chalke Valley Cricket Club[17] is nominally part of the Chalke Valley Sports Centre but has its own management and finances and moved to a new ground at Butt's Field, Bowerchalke[18] in 2010.

The Gurston Down speed hill-climb course is at Gurston Farm in Broad Chalke and attracts many hundreds of visitors every year.[19]

Local government

The civil parish elects a parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which is responsible for most local government functions.

Notable residents

Notable people include John Aubrey (1626–1697) and Maurice Henry Hewlett (1861–1923), both authors, and Reverend Professor Rowland Williams (1817–1870), a theologian whose essays and sermons caused him to be charged with heterodoxy. He was later vicar of Broad Chalke and is buried in the church graveyard. Sir Anthony Eden (1897-1977), who served as Prime Minister, also lived in the village.

Sir Cecil Beaton (1904-1980), photographer and designer, lived at Reddish House, as did Dr. Lucius Wood, father of the painter Christopher Wood. Beaton entertained and photographed many celebrities in his conservatory. In 1980 Ursula Henderson bought the house from the estate of Cecil Beaton and lived there until 1987. She was born Ursula von Pannwitz and was once styled Countess of Chichester from her first marriage to John Buxton Pelham, 8th Earl of Chichester, and she kept macaws which flew noisily and freely around the village, stripping bark from trees. Later Reddish House was owned by musicians Toyah Willcox and Robert Fripp.[20]

The village was also home to author Sir Terry Pratchett (1948-2015), author James Holland (brother of Tom Holland) and noted musician, bell ringer and conductor Dennis Chalk BEM.[21]

Herbert Bundy, a local farmer, was the centre of a landmark case in English contract law on undue influence (Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy).

History

It is not known when Broad Chalke was first inhabited or what it was called but fragmentary records from Saxon times indicate that the whole Chalke Valley area was thriving.[22]

9th century

An Anglo-Saxon charter of 826 records the name of the area including Bowerchalke and Broadchalke as Cealcan gemere.[20]

10th century

In 955 the Anglo-Saxon King Eadwig granted the nuns of Wilton Abbey an estate called Chalke which included land in Broad Chalke and Bowerchalke. The charter records the village name as aet Ceolcan.[4][20] Another charter in 974 records the name as Cheolca or Cheolcam.[20]

11th century

The Domesday Book in 1086 divided the Chalke Valley into eight manors: Chelke or Chelce or Celce (Bowerchalke and Broad Chalke), Eblesborne (Ebbesbourne Wake), Fifehide (Fifield), Cumbe (Coombe Bissett), Humitone (Homington), Odestoche (Odstock), Stradford (Stratford Tony and Bishopstone) and Trow (circa Alvediston and Tollard Royal).[22]

12th century

In the 12th century the area was known primarily as the Stowford Hundred, then subsequently as the Chalke Hundred. This included the parishes of Berwick St John, Ebbesbourne Wake, Fifield Bavant, Semley, Tollard Royal and 'Chalke'.[22] A charter of 1165 records the village name as Chalca, and the Pipe Rolls in 1174 have it as Chalche.[20]

13th century

All Saints' Church was built during the 13th century. The Curia Regis Rolls of 1207 records the village name as ChelkFeet of Fines, and another of 1242 records it as Chalke.[20] The name Burchelke (Bowerchalke) first appeared in 1225.[22]

14th century

A Saxon charter of 1304 records the village name as Cheolc and Cheolcan. The Feudal Aids of 1316 uses Chawke, whilst a Saxon Cartulary of 1321 uses Cealce. the Tax lists of 1327, 1332 and 1377 variously record the name as Chalk Magna and Chalke Magna.[20] Brode Chalk was first mentioned in 1380.[22]

15th century

The village is recorded in deeds of 1425 as Brodechalke.[20]

16th century

Circa 1536 Henry VIII granted Chalke to Sir William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In 1560 Queen Elizabeth I granted Reddish House and farm to William Reddiche who already owned several properties in the village as a 'Free tenant' of the Earl of Pembroke in Wilton.[4][20]

A rectory (now Grade II* listed) was built to the west of the church.[23]

The wills of William King (1545) and John Penny (1555) record the village name as Brood Chalke, whilst the Earl of Pembroke surveys of 1567 and 1590 list it as Brodechalke and Broadchalke.[20]

17th century

In 1605 the will of Michael Angod spelled the village name as Broadchalk. By 1631 the Earl of Pembroke's survey used the modern form of Broad Chalke, as did the will of John Farrent in 1699. However, the 1671 Dissenters Meeting House Certificates used Broadcholk.[20]

By 1608 the Pembroke estate had also acquired the manors of Knighton and Stoke Farthing.[20] The house called Knighton Manor was built towards the end of the century.[24]

18th century

The spelling of Broad Chalke continued to vary; in 1778 the will of Elizabeth Fifield spelled it as Broadchalk, whilst the 1784 will of Richard Follit used Broad Chalk.[20]

19th century

Again the spelling of Broad Chalke varied. In 1804 the will of Josiah Gould spelled it as Broad Chalke, whilst the 1830 will of Colt Hoare used Broad Chalk.[20]

By 1846 a cottage served as a National School, and in 1860 a new school and teacher's house were built opposite the church.[4]

Chalke was a comparatively large, disconnected estate that was divided into the two ecclesiastical parishes of Broad Chalk and Bowerchalke in 1880.[22]

20th century

In 1919 the Pembroke family started to sell the individual farms.[25]

In 1963 older children began to attend the secondary school at Wilton. Pupil numbers at Broad Chalke increased after the closure of village schools at Bowerchalke and Bishopstone. In the 1990s the school was extended with a hall and a fourth classroom.[26]

The spelling of Broad Chalke continued to vary: the Ordnance Survey maps and village road signs spelled it as Broad Chalke, whilst the Electoral Register used Broadchalke.[20]

21st century

In 2007 a new school was built on the eastern outskirts of the village, and the older school became private housing.[26]

References

  1. ↑ 2011 Census total
  2. ↑ Historic England. "Church of All Saints (1146136)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  3. ↑ "Church of All Saints, Broad Chalke". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Victoria County History - Wiltshire - Vol 13 pp36-52 - Parishes: Broad Chalke". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 39491. p. 1466. 14 March 1952.
  6. ↑ "Ring out the old, ring in the new". Salisbury Journal. 28 December 2006. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "United Reformed Church, Broad Chalke". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  8. ↑ "Local Services : Broad Chalke". Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  9. ↑ "U R C Chapel, Broad Chalke". Chalke Valley Church. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  10. ↑ "Primitive Methodist Chapel, Broad Chalke". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  11. ↑ C of E Primary School
  12. ↑ Village Hall
  13. ↑ Chalke Valley Stores
  14. ↑ The Queen's Head village pub & restaurant
  15. ↑ Chalke Valley Watercress
  16. ↑ Chalke Valley Sports Centre
  17. ↑ Chalke Valley Cricket Club
  18. ↑ New Cricket Ground
  19. ↑ Gurston Down Speed Hill-climb
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Broad Chalke, A History of a South Wiltshire Village, its Land & People Over 2,000 years. By 'The People of the Village', 1999
  21. ↑ Dennis Chalk BEM
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ebbesbourne Wake through the Ages by Peter Meers
  23. ↑ Historic England. "Kings Old Rectory (1146135)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  24. ↑ Historic England. "Knighton Manor (1198385)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  25. ↑ Wiltshire Council - Community History of Broad Chalke
  26. 1 2 "Broad Chalke CE Aided Primary School". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
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