New energy vehicles in China

Annual sales of new energy vehicles in China between January 2011 and December 2015.[1][2][3][4][5]

The stock of new energy vehicles in China is the world's largest, with cumulative sales of more than 781,000 units through October 2016. These figures include passenger cars and heavy-duty commercial vehicles such buses and sanitation trucks, and only accounts for vehicles manufactured in the country.[6][7] The Chinese government uses the term new energy vehicles (NEVs) to designate plug-in electric vehicles eligible for public subsidies, and includes only battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.[8] Sales of new energy vehicles since 2011 passed the 500,000 unit milestone in March 2016,[9] while sales of new energy passenger cars achieved the 500,000 unit milestone in September 2016, both, excluding imports.[10]

As of October 2016, the Chinese stock of plug-in electric vehicles consisted of over 582,000 all-electric vehicles (74.5%) and more than 199,000 plug-in hybrids (25.5%) sold since 2011.[9][11][12][13][14][15][16][7] As of December 2015, China listed as the world's largest electric bus market with almost 173,000 plug-in electric buses.[17] By 2020, the country is expected to account for more than 50% of the global electric bus market.[18]

As of September 2016, with 521,649 new energy passenger cars sold since 2005, China had the world's largest country fleet of plug-in electric passenger cars together with the United States.[6] The Chinese plug-in stock represented 29.2% of the global stock of highway legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles as of September 2016.[6] China became the world's best-selling plug-in electric car country market in 2015, with record annual sales of more than 207,000 plug-in passenger cars, representing over 34% of global sales in 2015.[17][19] A particular feature of the Chinese passenger plug-in market is the dominance of small entry level vehicles. All-electric car sales in the mini and small segments (A-segment) represented 87% of total pure electric car sales in 2015, while 96% of total plug-in hybrid car sales were in the compact segment (C-segment).[20] As of October 2016, the BYD Qin, with 66,716 units sold since its inception, is the all-time top selling plug-in electric car in the country.[6][21]

BYD Auto ended 2015 as the world's best selling manufacturer of highway legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles,[22][23] and remained as the world's top selling plug-in car manufacturer during the first three quarters of 2016.[24] During 2016 BYD surpassed Mitsubishi Motors and Tesla Motors to become the world's all-time second largest plug-in electric passenger car manufacturer after the Renault-Nissan Alliance. As of October 2016, BYD Auto has sold sold more than 171,000 new energy passenger cars in China since 2008.[21][24]

The government's political support for the adoption of electric vehicles has four goals, to create a world-leading industry that would produce jobs and exports; energy security to reduce its oil dependence which comes from the Middle East; to reduce urban air pollution; and to reduce its carbon emissions.[25] In June 2012 the State Council of China published a plan to develop the domestic energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry. The plan set a sales target of 500,000 new energy vehicles by 2015 and 5 million by 2020.[26] As sales of new energy vehicles were slower than expected, in September 2013, the central government introduced a subsidy scheme providing a maximum of US$9,800 toward the purchase of an all-electric passenger vehicle and up to US$81,600 for an electric bus. The subsidies are part of the government's efforts to address China's problematic air pollution.[27]

Government policies and incentives

The Chinese government adopted in 2009 a plan to leapfrog current automotive technology, and seize the growing new energy vehicle (NEV) market to become of the world leaders in manufacturing of all-electric and hybrid vehicles. The government's political support for the adoption of electric vehicles has four goals, to create a world-leading industry that would produce jobs and exports; energy security to reduce its oil dependence which comes from the Middle East; to reduce urban air pollution; and to reduce its carbon emissions.[25][28] However, a study by Mckinsey found that even though local air pollution would be reduced by replacing a gasoline car with a similar-size electric car, it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by only 19%, as China uses coal for 75% of its electricity production.[28] The Chinese government uses the term new energy vehicles (NEVs) to designate plug-in electric vehicles, and only pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are subject to purchase incentives. Initially, conventional hybrids were also included.[8]

Launched in China in December 2008, the BYD F3DM became the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid car.[29]

On June 1, 2010, the Chinese government announced a trial program to provide incentives for new energy vehicles of up to 60,000 yuan (~US$9,281 in June 2011) for private purchase of new battery electric vehicles and 50,000 yuan (~US$7,634 in June 2011) for plug-in hybrids in five cities.[30][31] The cities participating in the pilot program are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Hefei and Changchun. The subsidies are paid directly to automakers rather than consumers, but the government expects that vehicle prices will be reduced accordingly. The amount of the subsidy will be reduced once 50,000 units are sold.[30][31] Electricity utilities have been ordered to set up electric car charging stations in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.[28][32] The government set the goal to raise the country's annual production capacity to 500,000 plug-in hybrid or all-electric cars and buses by the end of 2011, up from 2,100 in 2008.[28]

In June 2012 the State Council of China published a plan to develop the domestic energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry. The plan set a sales target of 500,000 new energy vehicles by 2015 and 5 million by 2020.[26][33] According to a report by Mckinsey, electric vehicle sales between January 2009 and June 2012 represented less than 0.01% of new car sales in China.[34] A mid-September 2013 joint announcement by the National Development and Reform Commission and finance, science, and industry ministries confirmed that the central government would provide a maximum of US$9,800 toward the purchase of an all-electric passenger vehicle and up to US$81,600 for an electric bus. The subsidies are part of the government's efforts to address China's problematic air pollution.[27]

BYD e6 all-electric taxi in Shenzhen, China.

The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) expected that sales of electric and hybrid electric vehicles in China would reach 60,000 to 80,000 units in 2014.[3] As sales have been much lower than initially expected, and most of the deployed NEV stock has been purchased by the government for public fleets, new monetary incentives were issued in 2014, and the national government set a sales target of 160,000 units for 2014.[35][36] Although the goal was not achieved, new energy vehicles sales in 2014 totaled 74,763 units, up 324% from 2013. The China Industrial Association of Power Sources expected new energy vehicle sales to reach between 200,000 and 220,000 NEVs in 2015, and 400,000 units in 2016.[37] The surge in demand continued in 2015, with a total of 331,092 NEVs sold in 2015, rising 343% year-on-year.[4][5]

Initially, CAAM expected new energy vehicle sales to more than double 2015 sales and reach 700,000 NEVs in 2016.[38] After the government imposed penalties to several carmakers for defrauding the subsidy program out of almost 10 billion yuan, CAAM revised downward in September 2016 its 2016 sales target to 400,000 new energy vehicle orders.[39] Only 289,000 new energy vehicles had been sold during the first nine months of 2016.[40]

As intercity driving is rare in China, electric cars provide several practical advantages because commutes are fairly short and at low speeds due to traffic congestion. These particular local conditions make the range limitation of all-electric cars less of a problem, especially as the latest Chinese models have a top speed of 100 km/h (60 mph) and a range of 200 km (120 mi) between charges.[28] As of May 2010, Chinese automakers have developed at least 10 models of high-speed, all-electric cars with plans for volume production.[41]

The Chinese government reaffirmed their priority to promote new energy vehicles in its 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the document that emphasizes boosting technological innovations in the manufacturing of new energy vehicles and promoting the use of electric cars, plug-in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles, included in its latest Five-Year Plan. The consulting firm PwC estimates the sales of new-energy vehicles in China will climb to 1.4 million units by 2020, and about 3.75 million units by 2025.[42]

Tesla Model S in Beijing.

As part of its commitment to promote electric vehicles, the Chinese government announced plans in September 2015 to build a nationwide charging-station network to fulfil the power demand of 5 million electric vehicles by 2020. This network will cover residential areas, business districts, public space and inter-city highways, according to a guideline released by the State Council. Also, the plan mandates that new residential complexes should build charging points or assign space for them, while public parking lots should have no less than 10% of parking spaces with charging facilities. According to the guideline, there should be at least one public charging station for every 2,000 NEVs.[43] Also the State Council ordered local governments not to restrict the sales or use of new energy cars.[42]

In October 2015, Tesla Motor announced the company is negotiating with the Chinese government on producing its electric cars domestically. Local production has the potential to reduce the sales prices of Tesla models by a third, and so improving the weak sales of the Model S.[44] A Model S starts at about US$76,000 in the U.S., while in China pricing starts at CN¥673,000, about US$106,000, after duties and other taxes.[45] Foreign automakers are generally required to establish a joint venture with a Chinese company to produce cars domestically.[44]

In April 2016 the Traffic Management Bureau under the Ministry of Public Security announced the introduction of new green license plates to identify new energy vehicles, as opposed to the country's standard blue plates. The NEV plates include a Chinese character short for the provincial region where they are issued, and seven numbers and letters, compared to six on standard plates. The objective of the special plates is to facilite police enforcement of the preferential policies that some local authorities apply to cleaner cars to help cut emissions and ease traffic. For example, central Beijing has in place a road space rationing scheme, a driving restriction regulation that bans conventional vehicles from entering the city for one day a week, but new energy vehicles are exempted from the restriction.[46] Beijing also introduced a vehicle quota system in 2011, awarding new car licenses through a lottery, with a ceiling of 6 million units for 2017. New energy vehicles were placed in a special category where the odds of winning a license plate are much higher than conventional autos.[47]

New energy vehicle sales

As of December 2015, China ranked as the world's largest plug-in electric bus market with a stock of almost 173,000 vehicles.[17] Shown a BYD K9 bus in Shenzhen.

New energy vehicle sales in China totaled 781,447 units between January 2011 and October 2016. These figures include heavy-duty commercial vehicles such buses and sanitation trucks, and only accounts for vehicles manufactured in the country because imports are not subject to government subsidies.[1][2][3][4][5][7] As of October 2016, the Chinese stock of plug-in electric vehicles consisted of 582,088 all-electric vehicles (74.5%) and 199,359 plug-in hybrids (25.5%) sold since 2011.[9][11][12][13][14][15][16][7] Accounting for new energy vehicle sales since 2011, 93.4% of all units were sold between January 2014 and May 2016, with about 126,000 sold during the first five months of 2016 (22.1%), 331,082 in 2015 (58.2%) and 74,763 in 2014 (13.1%).[9][48]

According to the Minister of Science and Technology, by mid-2013 more than 80% of the country's plug-in stock was on duty in public fleet vehicles, used mainly in public transport, for both bus and taxi services, and also in solid waste recollection services (sanitation trucks).[25][49][50] As of December 2014, a total of 83,198 plug-in electric passenger cars and 36,500 pure electric buses had been registered in the country since 2008.[51] A particular feature of the Chinese passenger plug-in market is the dominance of small entry level vehicles. In 2015, all-electric car sales in the mini and small segments (A-segment) represented 87% of total pure electric car sales, while 96% of total plug-in hybrid car sales were in the compact segment (C-segment). Among the electric drive segments, mid-size car (D-segment) sales were significant only in the conventional hybrid segment, representing about 50% of hybrid sales.[20]

Cumulative light-duty plug-in electric vehicle sales in China compared to the world's top-selling countries and regional markets as of September 2016. China, together with the U.S., had the world's largest country stock of plug-in electric passenger cars.[6]

The country achieved record sales of 207,380 new energy passenger cars in 2015, making China the world's top selling plug-in passenger car country market in 2015, ahead of the United States, the leading market in 2014.[17][19] During the first three quarters of 2016 a total of 209,359 domestically produced new energy passenger cars were sold in China, surpassing 2015 annual sales, and allowing the country to continue as the world's top selling plug-in car market, followed by the U.S. with almost 110,000 units sold in the same period.[6] As of September 2016, cumulative sales of domestically produced new energy passenger cars totaled 521,649 units since 2005, excluding imports, such as the Tesla Model S or BMW i3.[6] China, together with the U.S., had the world's largest country stock of plug-in electric passenger cars until September 2016.[6] The Chinese plug-in stock represented 29.2% of the global stock of highway legal plug-in electric passenger cars as of September 2016.[6] In October 2016, with about 31,000 plug-in passenger cars sold in China, while U.S. sales totaled over 11,000 units, China became the country with the world's largest stock of plug-in passenger cars, totaling about 553,000 units versus almost 533,000 in the American market.[6][21][52][53]

As of December 2015, China listed as the world's leader in the plug-in heavy-duty segment, including electric buses and plug-in trucks, the latter, particularly sanitation/garbage trucks.[25][54] Over 160,000 heavy-duty new energy vehicles have been sold between 2011 and 2015, of which, 123,710 (77.2%) were sold in 2015.[5][51] Sales of commercial new energy vehicles in 2015 consisted of 100,763 all-electric vehicles (81.5%) and 22,947 plug-in hybrid vehicles (18.5%).[5]

The share of all-electric bus sales in the Chinese bus market climbed from 2% in 2010 to 9.9% in 2012, and was expected to be closed to 20% for 2013.[55] As of December 2015, the global stock of plug-in electric buses is estimated to be about 173,000 units, almost entirely deployed in China, the world's largest electric bus market. Of these, almost 150,000 are all-electric buses. The Chinese electric bus stock grew nearly six fold between 2014 and 2015.[17] By 2020, the Chinese government plans to have a stock of over 200,000 electric buses, accompanied by a network of about 4,000 charging stations dedicated to buses.[17] Also by 2020, the country is expected to account for more than 50% of the global electric bus market.[18]

2011-2013

JAC J3 iEV electric car

A total of 8,159 new energy vehicles were sold in China during 2011, including passenger cars (61%) and buses (28%). Of these, 5,579 units were all-electric vehicles and 2,580 plug-in hybrids.[1] Electric vehicle sales represented 0.04% of total new car sales in 2011.[56] Sales of new energy vehicles in 2012 reached 12,791 units, which includes 11,375 all-electric vehicles and 1,416 plug-in hybrids.[2] New energy vehicle sales in 2012 represented 0.07% of the country's total new car sales.[57] During 2013 new energy vehicle sales totaled 17,642 units, up 37.9% from 2012 and representing 0.08% of the nearly 22 million new car sold in the country in 2013. Deliveries included 14,604 pure electric vehicles and 3,038 plug-in hybrids.[3][58] In addition, a total of 200,000 low-speed small electric cars were sold in 2013, most of which are powered by lead-acid batteries and not accounted by the government as new energy vehicles due to safety and environmental concerns.[3]

The top selling new energy car in China between 2011 and 2013 was the Chery QQ3 EV city car, with 2,167 units sold in 2011, 3,129 in 2012, and 5,727 in 2013.[25] The JAC J3 EV ranked second in 2012 with 2,485 units sold, followed by the BYD e6 with 1,690 cars.[25] During 2013, the BYD e6 ranked second with 1,544 units sold, followed by the BAIC E150 EV with 1,466 units.[25] The BYD Qin plug-in hybrid was launched in the country in December 2013.[59] The Qin replaced the BYD F3DM, the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid automobile, launched in China in December 2008.[60][61][62]

2014

In April 2014 Dongfeng Nissan announced that retail sales of the Chinese manufactured version of the Nissan Leaf, the Venucia e30, were scheduled to begin in September 2014.[63] The Venucia e30 sold 582 units in 2014.[64]

The BYD Qin, released in December 2013, became the all-time top selling passenger new energy vehicle in China since 2014.[65] Cumulative sales totaled 66,716 units through October 2016.[6][21]

The first Tesla Model S retail deliveries took place in Beijing on 22 April 2014.[66] About 2,800 Model S sedans have been imported by mid September 2014, but only 432 had received the license plates.[67] According to a Tesla spokesman, the major reasons for the discrepancy could be that registration rules were holding deliveries in Shanghai, and Tesla only recently was able to start delivering the electric cars to customers who bought them in Shanghai. Secondly, many Chinese customers have delayed taking possession of their Model S car while waiting for the government to add the Tesla to the list of electric vehicles exempt from its 8% to 10% purchase tax.[67][68] As of January 2015, a total of 2,968 Model S cars have been registered in China.[69][70]

New energy vehicle sales in China during 2014 totaled 74,763 units, consisting of 45,048 all-electric vehicles, and 29,715 plug-in hybrids. Of these, 71% were passenger cars, 27% buses, and 1% trucks.[64] Pure electric vehicle sales increased 210% from 2013 while plug-in hybrid sales grew 880% from the previous year. Production of new energy vehicles in the country in 2014 reached 78,499 units, up 350% from 2013. The plug-in electric segment market share reached 0.32% of the 23.5 million new car sales sold in 2014.[4] The BYD Qin ranked as the top selling plug-in electric car in China in 2014, with 14,747 units sold during the year,[64] and became the country's top selling plug-in passenger car ever.[65] The Qin was followed by the all-electrics Kandi EV with 14,398, Zotye Zhidou E20, with 7,341 units, and BAIC E150 EV with 5,234.[64][71]

2015

Domestically produced new energy vehicle sales in 2015 totaled a record 331,092 units, consisting of 247,482 all-electric vehicles and 83,610 plug-in hybrid vehicles, up 449% and 191% from 2014, respectively.[5] Sales of plug-in passenger cars, excluding imports, totaled 207,380 units in 2015, consisting of 146,720 all-electrics and 60,660 plug-in hybrids.[17] This record level of sales allowed China to rank as the world's best-selling plug-in electric car country market in 2015, ahead of the U.S., which was the top selling country in 2014.[19] The plug-in electric passenger car segment market share rose to 0.84% in 2015, up from 0.25% in 2014.[72] The top selling plug-in passenger models in 2015 were the BYD Qin plug-in hybrid with 31,898 units sold,[73] followed by the BYD Tang (18,375),[74] and the all-electrics Kandi EV (16,736), BAIC E150/160/200 EV (16,488), and the Zotye Z100 EV (15,467).[75]

The BYD Tang was released in June 2015, and ended as the second best-selling plug-in electric car in China in 2015,[76] and topped the segment sales during the first three quarters of 2016 with 26,788 units.[6]

September 2015 achieved the best monthly NEV sales volume on record, with 20,892 units sold.[77][78] BYD Auto also achieved record monthly sales volume, with 5,749 of its plug-in cars delivered in September 2015, consisting of 3,044 Tangs, 2,115 Qins, 465 e6s and 125 units of the new all-electric e5.[79] Sales of new energy vehicles in October 2015 totaled 34,316 units, a new sales record and five times higher year-on-year. Cumulative sales of NEVs reached 171,145 units during the first ten months of 2015.[80] Sales of new energy passenger cars also reached a record sales volume, with 21,375 plug-in cars sold in October 2015, up from 18,047 the previous month, and totaling 115,058 new energy cars sold during the first ten months of 2015.[81]

As of December 2015, with 31,898 units sold in 2015, the BYD Qin continued to rank as the all-time top selling plug-in passenger car in the country, with cumulative sales of 46,787 units since its introduction.[3][64][65][73] The BYD Qin was the world's second best selling plug-in hybrid car in 2015 after the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, and also ranked fifth among the world's top selling plug-in electric cars in 2015.[82] BYD Auto ended 2015 as the world's best selling manufacturer of highway legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles, with 61,772 units sold in China, followed by Tesla Motors, with global sales of 50,580 units in 2015.[82][22][23] Accounting for heavy-duty vehicles, BYD total sales rises to 69,222 units.[23] BYD Auto net profits jumped 552.6% in 2015 to a total of CN¥2.829 billion (~ US$450 million). Sales of new energy vehicles were the main driver for BYD’s huge profit growth, with alternative energy vehicles accounting for half of the company's profits while the same percentage in 2014 was just 27%.[23]

In addition, sales of low-speed small electric passenger vehicles totaled more than 600,000 units in 2015. Sales of these low-speed electric cars experienced considerable growth in China between 2012 and 2015 due to their affordability and flexibility because they can be driven without a driver license. Most of these small electric cars are used in small cities, but hey are expanding to larger cities.[17]

2016

Cumulative sales of new energy vehicles new energy vehicles in China between January 2011 and March 2016. The 500,000 unit milestone was passed in March 2016.[1][2][3][4][5][83]

The stock of new energy vehicles sold in China since 2011 passed the 500,000 unit milestone in March 2016, including heavy-duty commercial vehicles such buses and sanitation trucks, and making the country the world's leader in the plug-in heavy-duty segment. This figure only includes vehicles manufactured in the country as imports are not subject to government subsidies.[9]

A total of about 337,000 new energy vehicles were sold during the first ten months of 2016, up 82.2% year-on-year, consisting of 258,000 pure electric vehicles, up 102.5% year-on-year, and 79,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles, up 37.2% from the same period the previous year.[7] Despite more than doubling sales year-on-year, growth through September has been lower than expected due to the government's inquiry about extensive fraud cases regarding subsidies granted to manufacturers in 2015. As a result of this inquiry, the government has withheld the release of the electric bus subsidy scheme. CAAM considers that without this subsidy, the goal of 500,000 new energy vehicle sales for 2016 will not be met.[40]

Sales of plug-in passenger cars achieved the 500,000 unit milestone in September 2016. Imported plug-in cars, such as Tesla Model S or BMW i3s are not included.[10] A total of 209,359 new energy passenger cars were sold in the first three quarters of 2016, up 122% year-on-year, consisting of about 145,000 all-electric cars, up 170% year-on-year, and about 65,000 plug-in hybrids, up 60% year-on-year.[84] The domestic plug-in segment market share totaled 1.08% of new car sales during the period.[16][84] Sales of BMW plug-in hybrid and i3 electric cars in China totaled 1,796 units during the first nine months of 2016.[85]

The top selling new energy passenger car during the first three quarters of 2016 was the BYD Tang plug-in hybrid SUV with 26,788 units.[6][24] Ranking next was the BYD Qin plug-in hybrid with 18,391 units, followed by the BAIC E-Series EV (15,457), SAIC Roewe e550 (13,073), and BYD e6 (12,890).[86] As of October 2016, the BYD Qin, with 66,716 units sold since its inception, remains the all-time top selling plug-in electric car in the country.[6][21]

During the first three quarters of 2016, BYD Auto continued as the world's top selling plug-in car manufacturer with 74,030 units delivered in China, ahead of Tesla Motors with global sales of 54,043 units.[24] In September 2016, BYD Auto surpassed Mitsubishi Motors as the third largest global plug-in car manufacturer with cumulative sales of 161,000 plug-in cars delivered in China since 2008, ranking behind Tesla Motors (164,000) and the Renault-Nissan Alliance (almost 369,000).[24] In October 2016, BYD passed Tesla Motors to become the world's all-time second largest plug-in electric passenger car manufacturer with more than 171,000 units delivered in China.[21][24]

Passenger cars sales by model

The following table presents annual sales of new energy passenger cars by model between January 2011 and December 2015.


Sales of top selling new energy passenger vehicles in China by model
between January 2011 and December 2015
ModelTotal sales
2011-2015 		NEV segment
market
share(1)		Sales
2015[73][74][75][76]		Sales
2014[64][71][87]		Sales
2013[25][58] 		Sales
2012[25][88]		Sales
2011[25][89][90]
BYD Qin 46,787 10.5% 31,898 14,747 142 N/A N/A
Kandi EV 31,134 7.0% 16,736 14,398 N/A N/A N/A
BAIC E150/160/200 EV23,832 5.4% 16,488 5,234 1,466644
BYD Tang 18,375 4.1% 18,375 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Chery QQ3 EV 16,247(2) 3.7% 3,208(2) 2,016(3)5,727 3,129 2,167
Zotye Cloud/Z100 EV 15,467 3.5% 15,467 N/A N/A N/A N/A
JAC J3/iEV 15,279 3.5% ~9,000 ~1,0001,309 2,4851,585(4)
BYD e614,257(5) 3.2%7,029 3,5601,5441,690 401
Zotye Zhidou E2013,726 3.1% 6,385 7,341 N/A N/A N/A
SAIC Roewe 550 PHEV 11,711 2.6% 10,711 ~1,000 N/A N/A N/A
Chery eQ 7,804 1.8% 7,262 542 N/A N/A N/A
Tesla Model S[44][69][70] 5,524(6) 1.2%3,025(6) 2,499 N/A N/A N/A
Geely-Kandi Panda EV 4,939 1.1% 3,654 1,285 N/A N/A N/A
Zhidou D2 3,777 0.8% 3,777 N/A N/A N/A N/A
BYD F3DM 3,284(5) 0.7% N/A N/A 1,005 1,201 613
Denza EV 3,020 0.7% 2,888 132 N/A N/A N/A
Zhidou D1 2,387 0.5% 2,387 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Venucia e30 2,071 0.5% 1,271 582 N/A N/A N/A
BYD e5 1,426 0.3% 1,426 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SAIC Roewe E50 1,227 0.3% 412 168 409 238 N/A
Zotye TT EV 1,984 0.4% 1,984 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total new energy vehicles sales[1][2][3][4][5] 444,447(7)- 331,092 74,763 17,642 12,791 8,159
Notes:

(1) Model market share as percentage of the 444,447 new energy vehicles sold between 2011 and December 2015.
(2) Only sales between January and June 2015.[91]
(3) Only includes sales between January and March 2014.
(4) Combined sales for 2010 and 2011.[90]
(5) BYD e6 total includes 33 units sold in 2010. F3DM total includes 417 units sold in 2010 and 48 in 2009.[92][93]
(6) Tesla Model S sales through September 2015.
(7) Total annual NEV sales figures include heavy-duty vehicles, such all-electric buses and sanitation trucks, but do not include Tesla Model S sales nor any other imports.

See also

References

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  11. 1 2 Staff (2016-05-11). "中汽协：4月新能源汽车产销同步破3万辆 同比增长近2倍" [Automobile Association: April sales of new energy vehicles sync break 30,000, an increase of nearly 2-fold] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-07-31. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 31,772 units in April 2016, consisting of 23,908 all-electric vehicles and 7,864 plug-in hybrids.
  12. 1 2 China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (2016-06-29). "New energy vehicles kept a high-speed growth". CAAM. Retrieved 2016-07-31. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 35,000 units in May 2016, consisting of 26,000 all-electric vehicles and 9,000 plug-in hybrids.
  13. 1 2 China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (2016-07-22). "New energy vehicles kept a high-speed growth". CAAM. Retrieved 2016-07-31. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 44,000 units in June 2016, consisting of 34,000 all-electric vehicles and 10,000 plug-in hybrids. Cumulative sales of new energy vehicles in China during the first half of 2016 totaled 170,000 units, consisting of 126,000 all-electric vehicles and 44,000 plug-in hybrids.
  14. 1 2 China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (2016-08-15). "New energy vehicles kept a high-speed growth". CAAM. Retrieved 2016-10-12. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 36,000 units in July 2016, consisting of 26,000 all-electric vehicles and 10,000 plug-in hybrids.
  15. 1 2 Liu Wanxiang (2016-09-09). "中汽协：8月新能源汽车产量回升至4.2万辆 同比增幅达82%" [August new energy vehicle production rose to 42,000 an increase of 82%] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 38,000 units in August 2016, consisting of 28,000 all-electric vehicles and 10,000 plug-in hybrids.
  16. 1 2 3 Liu Wanxiang (2016-10-12). "中汽协：同比增速放缓 9月新能源汽车销量攀升至4.4万辆" [Automobile Association: slowdown ends, new energy vehicle sales in September rose to 44 000] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12. Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 44,000 units in September 2016, consisting of 35,000 all-electric vehicles and 9,000 plug-in hybrids. Total car sales during the first nine months of 2016 totaled 19,360,000 units.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 International Energy Agency (IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (May 2016). "Global EV Outlook 2016: Beyond one million electric cars" (PDF). IEA Publications. Retrieved 2016-08-23. See pp. 24-25, and 34-36.
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  19. 1 2 3 Cobb, Jeff (2016-01-18). "Top Six Plug-in Vehicle Adopting Countries – 2015". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2016-02-12. About 520,000 highway legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles were sold worldwide in 2014, with cumulative global sales reaching 1,235,000. The United States is the leading market with 411,120 units sold since 2008, followed by China with 258,328 units sold since 2011.
  20. 1 2 Majeed, Abdul (2016-09-29). "China faces acid test in vehicle emissions". Business Line. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Liu Wanxiang (2016-11-10). "乘联会：10月新能源乘用车销售3.1万辆 插电式车型环比下降44%" [By the Automobile Association: October new energy passenger car sales were 31,000, plug-in hybrids were down 44%] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-11-11. Sales of new energy passenger cars totaled 30,989 units in October 2016, consisting of 26,811 all-electric cars and 4,178 plug-in hybrids. BYD Auto sold 10,395 units consisting of 7,328 all-electric cars and 3,067 plug-in hybrids. A total of 3,118 e6s, 2,124 Qin EV300s, 1,943 e5s, 1,538 Qins and 1,529 Tangs were sold in October 2016.
  22. 1 2 John Voelcker (2016-01-15). "Who Sold The Most Plug-In Electric Cars In 2015? (It's Not Tesla Or Nissan)". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2016-01-17. BYD Auto delivered 31,898 Qins, 18,375 Tangs, and 7,029 e6s during 2015. Added to that are small numbers of the T3 small commercial van and e5 battery-electric compact sedan, along with 2,888 Denza EV compact hatchbacks built by its joint venture with Daimler. Altogether, BYD sold a total of 61,722 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in China in 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Natasha Li (2016-03-04). "Alternative Energy Vehicles Account HALF of BYD's Profits for the Very First Time in 2015". Gasgoo Automotive News. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-03-07. BYD Auto delivered 69,222 new energy vehicles in China in 2015, including buses, of which, a total of 61,722 were passenger vehicles, mostly plug-in hybrids, led by the Qin and Tang.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cobb, Jeff (2016-11-07). "China's BYD Becomes World's Third-Largest Plug-in Car Maker". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Henry Lee; Sabrina Howell & Adam Heal (June 2014). "Leapfrogging or Stalling Out? Electric Vehicles in China". Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved 2015-01-18. Download EVS in China (full report). See Table 2: Chinas's EV Sales by Brand, 2011-2013, pp.19.
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  29. ↑ John Voelcker (2015-01-29). "2016 BYD Tang: Plug-In Hybrid SUV Is First Of Four To Come". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2015-02-17. BYD was the first company in the world to launch a production plug-in hybrid; its F3DM in 2008 was two years ahead of the 2011 Chevrolet Volt.
  30. 1 2 "China Announces Plan to Subsidize EVs and Plug-in Hybrids in Five Major Cities". Edmunds.com. 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  31. 1 2 Motavalli, Jim (2010-06-02). "China to Start Pilot Program, Providing Subsidies for Electric Cars and Hybrids". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  32. ↑ Shirouzu, Norihiko (15 December 2008), BYD to Introduce China's First Electric Car, Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2009-04-06
  33. ↑ Mike Millikin (2012-07-09). "China publishes plan to boost fuel-efficient and new energy vehicles and domestic auto industry; targeting 500K PHEVs and EVs in 2015, rising to 2M by 2020". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  34. ↑ Wang Chao (2012-10-26). "Electric vehicle industry in the slow lane". China Daily Europe. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
  35. ↑ Xinhua (2014-02-15). "New energy vehicle sales set at 160,000 for 2014 in China". Want China Times. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
  36. ↑ Gu Liping (2014-09-07). "China's Jan.-Aug. NEV production up 328 percent". Xinhua. ECNS. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  37. ↑ Natasha Li (2015-10-15). "Forecasts：Sales of alternative energy cars to hit 200,000 this year in China". Gasgoo Automotive News. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  38. ↑ Meng Meng & Jake Spring (2016-01-12). "China green car sales to double to 700,000 units in 2016: industry association". Beijing: Reuters. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  39. ↑ Ge, Celine (2016-09-12). "Chinese auto group slashes new energy vehicle forecast in wake of subsidy fraud". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
  40. 1 2 "EV sales growth, production slow down". China Daily. China.org.cn. 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  41. ↑ "10 Electric Models To Be Released This Year?". ChinaAutoWeb.com. 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  42. 1 2 Li Fusheng (2015-11-09). "Central govt gives a jolt to new-energy auto industry". China Daily. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  43. ↑ Xinhua (2015-10-09). "China to build chargers to power 5 mln electric cars by 2020". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
  44. 1 2 3 Jake Spring (2015-10-23). "CORRECTED-(OFFICIAL)-UPDATE 2-Tesla CEO says negotiating with China on local production". Reuters. Retrieved 2015-10-25. Tesla sold sold 3,025 Model S cars in China from January to September 2015.
  45. ↑ Rose Yu (2015-10-23). "Tesla Aims to Build Its Electric Cars in China". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
  46. ↑ "New license plates to differentiate new energy vehicles". Xinhua. 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  47. ↑ "Beijing Seeks to Legislate Car Quotas as It Mulls Congestion Fee". Bloomberg News. 2016-05-25. Retrieved 2016-05-28.
  48. ↑ "Soaring NEV industry must 'slow down': expert". China Daily. China.org.cn. 2016-06-27. Retrieved 2016-06-29. According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, China sold 126,000 NEVs, including pure electric ones and plug-in hybrids, through the first five months of 2016, a 134% increase year-on-year.
  49. ↑ Jack Perkowski (2013-06-24). "The Reality Of Electric Cars In China". Forbes. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
  50. ↑ Jiang Xueqing (2013-08-05). "New energy vehicles await fuel injection". China Daily. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  51. 1 2 International Energy Agency, Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (March 2015). "Global EV Outlook 2015" (PDF). Clean Energy Ministerial. Retrieved 2015-03-14. The EV Outlook 2015 figures include only plug-in electric passenger cars and SUVs (excludes light-weight utility vehicles) and total sales/registrations figures correspond to the 16 EVI countries, which are estimated to represent 95% of the global PEV stock. As of December 2014, the Japanese stock of plug-in cars totaled 108,241 units, and China had about 36,500 all-electric buses.
  52. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (2016-11-02). "October 2016 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  53. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (2016-11-14). "California Celebrates One-Quarter Million Plug-in Cars Sold". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2016-11-15. The U.S., counting sales back to 2008, has purchased 532,754 PEVs through October 2016.
  54. ↑ Jeff Cobb (2015-09-16). "One Million Global Plug-In Sales Milestone Reached". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2015-09-16. Cumulative global sales totaled over 1 million highway legal plug-in electric passenger cars and light-duty vehicles by mid-September 2015.
  55. ↑ Xinhua News Agency (2014-02-01). "Experts eye Tesla to spur China's electric vehicle market". Xinhua English News. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  56. ↑ Philippe Crowne (2012-11-23). "China To Sell Over 4 Million Electrified Vehicles in 2020". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  57. ↑ China Daily (2013-02-28). "China needs electric cars more than hybrid". China Economic Net. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  58. 1 2 Staff (2014-01-10). "Plug-in EV Sales in China Rose 37.9% to 17,600 in 2013". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  59. ↑ Chinese Car News (2013-12-19). "BYD Launches Qin Plugin Hybrid – 189,800RMB to 209,800RMB". China Car Times. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
  60. ↑ John Voelcker (2012-04-20). "BYD Chin: World's First Plug-In Hybrid, Updated And Renamed". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  61. ↑ Danny King (2012-04-19). "BYD's Qin sedan will replace poor-selling F3DM". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  62. ↑ "Daimler/BYD joint venture introduces DENZA EV concept at Auto China 2012; BYD introduces new dual-mode Qin". Green Car Congress. 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  63. ↑ Sebastian Blanco (2014-04-21). "Chinese Nissan Leaf goes on sale in September as Venucia e30". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Staff (2015-01-14). "2014 EV Sales Ranking". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2015-01-15.
  65. 1 2 3 Jeff Cobb (2015-02-11). "2014's Top-10 Global Best-Selling Plug-in Cars". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  66. ↑ Julie Makinen (2014-04-22). "Tesla delivers its first electric cars in China; delays upset some". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  67. 1 2 Charles Fleming (2014-09-26). "Are Teslas disappearing in China?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  68. ↑ Sarita Pereira (2014-10-16). "Tesla Motors: The Road To China Is Getting Harder". Seeking Alpha. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  69. 1 2 Staff (2015-03-07). "Tesla cutting 30% of staff in China". Want China Times. Retrieved 2015-03-09. Tesla imported 4,800 Model S cars in 2014, but only 2,499 of those vehicles were registered for road use in China.
  70. 1 2 Colum Murphy (2015-03-09). "Tesla Runs Out of Charge in China". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2015-03-09. According to JL Warren Capital LLC, just under 2,500 Model S cars were sold in China in 2014, and an additional 469 units in January 2015. See graphs for monthly imports and registrations.
  71. 1 2 Kandi Technologies Group (2015-01-07). "Kandi Technologies Announces the Expansion of Micro Public EV Sharing Program to Nine Chinese Cities With 14,398 Pure EVs Delivered as of the End of 2014" (Press release). Jinhua, China: NASDAQ. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
  72. ↑ Jose, Pontes (2016-01-12). "China December 2015 (3rd Update)". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  73. 1 2 3 Staff (2016-01-14). "Best-selling Sedan in 2015". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2016-02-08. A total of 31,898 Qins were sold in China in 2015.
  74. 1 2 Staff (2016-01-14). "Best-selling China-made SUVs in 2015". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2016-01-17. A total of 18,375 Tangs were sold in China in 2015.
  75. 1 2 Staff (2016-01-14). "Sales Ranking of China-made Pure-electric Cars in 2015". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2016-02-10. A total of 16,736 Kandi EVs, 16,488 BAIC E-Series EVs, and 15,467 Zotye Z100 EVs were sold in China in 2015.
  76. 1 2 Jose, Pontes (2016-01-12). "China December 2015 (3rd Update)". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2016-02-13. A total of 10,711 SAIC Roewe 550 PHEVs were sold in China in 2015.
  77. ↑ China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (2015-10-22). "New energy vehicles keeped [sic] a high-speed growth". CAAM. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  78. ↑ AAStocks Financial News (2015-10-20). "China New Energy Car Single-Month Sales Volume Hits All-Time High in Sep". AAStocks.com. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
  79. ↑ Mark Kane (2015-10-23). "BYD Plug-In Electric Car Sales Up In China To Over 5,500 In September". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
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  81. ↑ Staff (2015-11-10). "乘联会：10月新能源乘用车销售创新高至2.14万辆 康迪熊猫排第一" [According to the Federation: October new energy passenger car sales to 21,400 high - Condit Panda ranked first] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27. See graph with monthly sales.
  82. 1 2 Cobb, Jeff (2016-01-12). "Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2016-01-23. The Tesla Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 (50,366), followed by the Nissan Leaf (about 43,000), the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (over 40,000), the BYD Qin (31,898) and the BMW i3 (24,057). BYD Auto ended 2015 with 58,728 units sold in China (includes BYD Qin, Tang, e6 and e5 vehicles).
  83. ↑ Wanxiang, Liu (2016-04-12). "中汽协：3月新能源汽车销量达2.3万辆 第一季度累计销售近6万辆" [Automobile Association: March new energy vehicle sales reached 23,000 in the first quarter, total sales of nearly 60,000] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
  84. 1 2 Liu Wanxiang (2016-10-12). "乘联会：9月新能源乘用车销量维持3万辆水平 同比增速65%" [By the Automobile Association: September new energy passenger car sales maintains the level of 30,000 and year-on-year growth of 65%] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12. Sales of new energy passenger cars totaled 29,699 units in September 2016, consisting of 22,236 all-electric vehicles and 7,463 plug-in hybrids. Total new energy passenger car sales during the first nine months of 2016 totaled 209,359 units (see pie graph).
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  87. ↑ Tim Harrup (2014-04-16). "Sales of EV's surge in China". Global Fleet. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  88. ↑ China Auto Web (2013-03-25). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking for 2012". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  89. ↑ Mat Gasnier (2013-01-14). "China Full Year 2012: Ford Focus triumphs". Best Selling Car Blog. Retrieved 2013-04-21.A total of 613 F3DMs and 401 e6s were sold during 2011 and 1,201 F3DMs and 1,690 e6s in 2012.
  90. 1 2 China Auto Web (2012-09-30). "JAC Delivers 500 J3 EVs ("ievs")". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2014-05-31. A total of 1,585 of the first and second generation models were sold during 2010 and 2011..
  91. ↑ Staff (2015-07-17). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking in the First Half of 2015". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
  92. ↑ "BYD Delivered Only 33 Units of e6, 417 F3DM in 2010". ChinaAutoWeb. 2011-02-23. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
  93. ↑ "BYD Plans to Start European Car Sales Next Year (Update 2)". Bloomberg News. 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2014-05-31. 48 F3DMs were sold in 2009.

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