President of Turkey

President of the Republic of Turkey Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı
Presidential Seal
Presidential Standard
Incumbent Recep Tayyip Erdoğan since 28 August 2014
Residence	Presidential Complex
Term length	Five years, renewable once
Inaugural holder	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Formation	October 29, 1923
Website	http://www.tccb.gov.tr/pages/

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during a meeting, with the presidential seal and Turkish flag

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The President of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı) is the head of state of the Republic of Turkey. The Presidency is largely a ceremonial office but has some important functions. In this capacity, the President represents the Republic of Turkey, and the unity of the Turkish nation, as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Turkey and the organized and harmonious functioning of the organs of state. The articles from 101 to 106 of the Constitution establish all the requirements, election, duties, and responsibilities for the office of the President. The office of the President of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. The President of Turkey is often informally referred to as the Cumhurbaşkanı, meaning 'President of the People'.^[1]^[2] The current office-holder is the 12th President, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan since August 28, 2014.

Living former Presidents

President (Cumhurbaşkanı)	Term of Office	Date of Birth
Ahmet Necdet Sezer	2000–2007	(1941-09-13) September 13, 1941
Abdullah Gül	2007–2014	(1949-10-29) October 29, 1949

Qualifications

In order to become the President of Turkey, the candidate must have completed higher education, and be at least forty years of age.

The president-elect has to sever his relations, if any, with his political party, and his status as a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly must cease.

Election

The election of the President must begin at least 30 days before the term of office of the incumbent president expires or 10 days after the presidency falls vacant, and must be completed within 30 days of the beginning of the election. Candidates must be declared to the bureau of the parliament within the first 10 days of this period, and elections must be completed within the remaining 20 days.

Formerly, the President was elected by the members of the Turkish Parliament. According to an amendment that was drafted in 2007, the future Presidents shall be elected by the citizens through a public vote. The candidates must be over forty years old and must have completed their higher education. They can either be members of the Turkish Parliament, or common Turkish citizens who fulfill these requirements and who are eligible to become members of parliament.

Term of office

The President is selected for a term of office of five years, and can be re-elected only once.

The term of office of the incumbent president continues until the President-elect takes office.

On assuming office, the president takes the following oath before the parliament:

In my capacity as President of the Republic, I swear upon my honor and repute before the great Turkish nation and before history to safeguard the existence and independence of the state, the indivisible integrity of country and nation, and the sovereignty of the nation without restriction or stipulation; to abide by the Constitution, the rule of law, democracy, the principles and reforms of Atatürk, and the principle of a secular republic; not to deviate from the ideal of all enjoying human rights and basic freedoms in peace, prosperity and in a spirit of national solidarity and justice; to preserve and enhance the glory and honor of the Republic of Turkey and to work with all my strength to perform with impartiality the functions that I have assumed.

Duties and responsibilities

Legislative functions

to deliver, if he deems it necessary, the opening address of the parliament on the first day of the legislative year,
to summon the parliament to meet, when necessary,
to promulgate laws,
to return laws to the parliament to be reconsidered,
to submit to referendum, if he deems it necessary, legislation regarding amendment of the constitution,
to appeal to the Constitutional Court for the annulment of certain provisions or the entirety of laws, decrees having the force of law, and the Rules of Procedure of the parliament on the grounds that they are unconstitutional in form or in content,
to call new elections for the parliament

Executive functions

to appoint and to accept the resignation of the prime minister,
to appoint and dismiss ministers upon the proposal of the prime minister,
to preside over the council of ministers or to call the council of ministers to meet under his chairmanship whenever he deems it necessary,
to accredit representatives of the Turkish State to foreign states, and to receive the representatives of foreign states appointed to the Republic of Turkey,
to ratify and promulgate international treaties,
to represent the Supreme Military Command of the Turkish Armed Forces on behalf of the Turkish Grand National Assembly,
to decide on the mobilization of the Turkish Armed Forces,
to appoint the Chief of the General Staff,
to call the National Security Council to meet,
to preside over the National Security Council,
to proclaim martial law or state of emergency, and to issue decrees having the force of law, upon a decision of the council of ministers meeting under his chairmanship,
to sign decrees,
to grant full or partial clemency, on grounds of chronic illness, disability, or old age, all or part of the sentences imposed on certain individuals
to appoint the members and the chairman of the State Supervisory Council,
to instruct the State Supervisory Council to carry out inquiries, investigations and inspections,
to appoint the members of the Higher Education Council,
to appoint rectors of universities.

Judiciary functions

to appoint the members of the Constitutional Court, one-fourth of the members of the Council of State, the Chief Public Prosecutor and the Deputy Chief Public Prosecutor of the Higher Court of Appeals, the members of the Military High Court of Appeals, the members of the Supreme Military Administrative Court and the members of the Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors.

The president performs also the duties of selection and appointment, and other duties conferred by the constitution and laws.

Accountability and non-accountability

All presidential decrees, except those which the president is empowered to enact on his own, must be signed by the prime minister and the minister concerned, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and other laws. Thus the prime minister and the concerned ministers are accountable for these decrees. The decisions and orders signed by the president on his own initiatives may not be appealed against to any judicial authority, including the Constitutional Court. The president may be impeached for high treason on the proposal of at least one-third of the total number of the members of the parliament, and by the decision of at least three-fourths of the total number of the members.

Acting President

The official Seal of the Presidency, used on documents.

In the event of a temporary absence of the President on account of illness, travel abroad or similar circumstances, the Speaker of the Parliament serves as Acting President, and exercises the powers of the President until the President resumes his functions, and in the event that the Presidency falls vacant as a result of death or resignation or for any other reason, until the election of a new president.

References

External links

President's website

Turkey articles

History

Pre-Turkish era	Prehistory of Anatolia & Thrace Classical Anatolia & Thrace Neo-Assyrian Empire Byzantine Anatolia

Seljuq era	Sultanate of Rum Mongol invasions of Anatolia Ilkhanate

Ottoman era	Osman's Dream Rise Interregnum Fall of Constantinople Classical Age Transformation Sultanate of Women Köprülü era Old Regime Tulip period Decline and modernization Tanzimat First Constitutional Era Defeat and dissolution Second Constitutional Era Partitioning

Republican era	War of Independence One-party period Multi-party period

By topic	Ancient Anatolians Constitutional Economic Military Thracians Timeline of Turkish history Turkic migration

Geography

Capes Cities Districts Earthquakes Environmental issues Gulfs and bays Islands Lakes Metropolitan municipalities Mountains Peninsulas Provinces Regions Rivers

Places	Anatolia Thrace (Eastern) Turkish Riviera Çukurova

Politics

Cabinet Elections Foreign relations Military Parliament President Prime Minister

Legal system	Constitution Constitutional Court Law enforcement Official gazette

Deep state EU accession Kemalism Neo-Ottomanism Ottomanism Political parties Secularism

Economy

Society

Crime Education Languages Turkish

Culture	Architecture Ottoman architecture Art Cinema Cuisine wine Dance Drama (TV) Festivals Folklore Human rights LGBT Literature Media newspapers radio stations TV Music Names Public holidays Religion Islam Smoking Sport Theatre

Demographics	Turkish people list Population diaspora immigration Muhacir Minorities Armenians Assyrians Kurds

Symbols	Anthem Emblem Flag Motto Presidential seal

Outline
Index

Book
Category
Portal

Presidents of Turkey (List)

	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk İsmet İnönü Celâl Bayar Cemal Gürsel Cevdet Sunay Fahri Korutürk Kenan Evren Turgut Özal Süleyman Demirel Ahmet Necdet Sezer Abdullah Gül Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Heads of state of the Group of 20

Macri (AR) Elizabeth II (Governor-General: Cosgrove) (AU) Temer (BR) Elizabeth II (Governor General: Johnston) (CA) Xi (CN) Tusk (EU) Hollande (FR) Gauck (DE) Mukherjee (IN) Jokowi (ID) Mattarella (IT) Akihito (JP) Peña Nieto (MX) Putin (RU) Salman (SA) Zuma (ZA) Hwang (KR) Erdoğan (TR) Elizabeth II (UK) Obama (US)

Acting heads of state shown in italics.

Heads of state and government of Europe

Heads
of state

UN members and observers	Albania Andorra Armenia¹ Austria Azerbaijan¹ Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus¹ Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia¹ Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan¹ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation¹ San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Sovereign Military Order of Malta Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey¹ Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City

Partially recognised²	Abkhazia¹ Kosovo Northern Cyprus¹ South Ossetia¹

Unrecognised states³	Nagorno-Karabakh¹ Transnistria

Former countries	Czechoslovakia East Germany Soviet Union¹ Yugoslavia

Heads of
government

UN members and observers	Albania Andorra Armenia¹ Austria Azerbaijan¹ Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus¹ Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia¹ Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan¹ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation¹ San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Sovereign Military Order of Malta Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey¹ Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City

Partially recognised²	Abkhazia¹ Kosovo Northern Cyprus¹ South Ossetia¹

Unrecognised states³	Nagorno-Karabakh¹ Transnistria

Former countries	Czechoslovakia East Germany Soviet Union¹ Yugoslavia

1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.

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