Proposed tall buildings and structures

The X-Seed 4000 is one of the tallest structures ever conceived. Shown in this image is the Burj Khalifa (829.8 m (2,722 ft)), tallest structure in the world at the time of completion in 2010, and the X-Seed 4000 project.(4,000 m (13,000 ft))

Some proposed tall structures and skyscrapers have not yet been built and may never be. Some plans never began or were left incomplete.

Proposed structures

All the structures mentioned here would be among the tallest structures in the world if built.

Structures

Name	Pinnacle height	Year of first proposal	Structure type	Main use	Country	Place	Year of projected completion	Description	Floors
The Space Elevator	100,000,000 m (62,000 mi)	1895 (science fiction) 2005	Massive space tether	Space tourism, space exploration and space colonization	Several	undetermined	undetermined	An extraordinarily long cable, anchored on or near the equator, held up by the rotation of the Earth.	N/A
The Launch loop	80,000 m (50 mi)	1981	Suspended Maglev Track	Space tourism, space exploration and space colonization	USA	undetermined	undetermined	The Launch loop is a concept that has been proposed for the purposes of orbital launch.[1]	N/A
Scaled-down Space Elevator	20,000 m (12 mi)	2009	Pneumatic tower	Tourism, communications, wind generation and reduced cost space launch.[2]	Canada	undetermined	undetermined	A sub-orbital or mini version.[3] The structure would be free standing and actively guyed over its base.[2]	N/A
StarTram Generation 2	20,000 m (12 mi)	2001	Suspended Maglev Track	Space tourism, space exploration and space colonization	USA	undetermined	undetermined	The StarTram is a proposed concept for orbital launches. It has a long (1000–1500 km) vacuum tube, levitated via strong currents in superconducting cables.	N/A
X-Seed 4000	4,000 m (13,000 ft)	1995	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail real-estate, as well as heavy industry	Japan	Tokyo	undetermined	The X-Seed 4000 is the second tallest building ever fully envisioned. Its proposed 4,000 m (13,000 ft) height, 6 km (3.7 mi) wide sea-base, and 800-floor capacity could accommodate five hundred thousand to one million inhabitants.	800
Ultima Tower	3,218 m (10,558 ft)	1991	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real-estate	USA	San Francisco	undetermined	The Ultima Tower is a hypothetical super-tall skyscraper, designed by American architect Eugene Tsui in 1991. With a total height of 3,218 metres (10,558 ft), the tower would be 2 miles tall, and comprise 500 stories if built.	500
Dubai City Tower	2,400 m (7,900 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real-estate	United Arab Emirates	Dubai	undetermined	The Dubai City Tower is a proposed 400-floor, 2,400 m (7,900 ft) tall building to be built in Dubai, consisting of six outer buildings entwining a central core.	400
Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid	2,004 m (6,575 ft)	1996	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real-estate	Japan	Tokyo	undetermined	The Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid is a proposed project for construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The structure would be approximately 14 times higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza, and would house 750,000 people. If built, it will be the largest man-made structure on Earth.	N/A
The Dutch Mountain	2,000 m (6,600 ft)	2012	Artificial Mountain	Tourism, leisure, commercial and wind generation	The Netherlands	Flevoland	undetermined	"De Nederlandse Berg", Dutch for "The Dutch Mountain" is a proposal for an artificial mountain by Thijs Zonneveld.[4][5][6]	N/A
Millennium Challenge Tower	1,852 m (6,076 ft)	2005	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real-estate	Kuwait (possibly)	undetermined	undetermined	A super-tall skyscraper designed by architect Omero Marchetti as part of his proposed "ethic city" concept. The aims of the project are to reach a nautical mile in height while "not using concrete, orthogonal grids, traditional systems, mortars, [and] cranes."[7] If built, the tower would reach 1,852 metres (6,076 ft).	N/A
Sky Mile Tower	1,700 m (5,577 ft)[8]	2015	Skyscraper	Residential	Japan	Tokyo	2045	Sky Mile Tower is the central hub of Next Japan, a visionary project that would serve as a combatant for climate change by serving as a dam and supplying water to its 55,000 residents. The complex and Sky Mile Tower's plans are being reviewed by Tokyo's administration as of 7 February 2016.	N/A
Xtopia	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	China	Shanghai	undetermined	Xtopia is a concept building for a 300-floor high-rise self-contained community.	N/A
Bionic Tower	1,228 m (4,029 ft)	1997	Arcology	Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real-estate	China Hong Kong	Shanghai and Hong Kong have both expressed serious interest	undetermined	The Bionic Tower is a proposed vertical city, an extremely large building designed for human habitation, designed by architects Eloy Celaya, Mª Rosa Cervera and Javier Gómez Pioz. It would have a main tower 1,228 m (4,029 ft) high, with 300 stories that would house about 100,000 people.	300
Azerbaijan Tower	1,050 m (3,440 ft)	2012	Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate		Azerbaijan	Baku	2019	Azerbaijan Tower, 1,050 m (3,440 ft) tall, is a proposed building in Baku, Azerbaijan and is planned as part of the proposed "Khazar Islands" project.[9]	189
Murjan Tower	1,022 m (3,353 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Residential, commercial, and retail real-estate	Bahrain	Manama	undetermined	Murjan Tower, 1,022 m (3,353 ft) tall, is a Swedish company's proposal for a super-tall skyscraper in Bahrain. Designed by architect Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S, it is expected to comprise 200 floors.[10]	200
Mubarak al-Kabir Tower	1,001 m (3,284 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial, and Retail real-estate	Kuwait	Madinat al-Hareer	undetermined	The Mubarak al-Kabir Tower, 1,001 m (3,284 ft) tall, in Madinat al-Hareer (City Of Silk), (Kuwait) by Eric Kuhne and Associates.	234
Sky City 1000	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	1989	Arcology	Residential, Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate	Japan	Tokyo	undetermined	The Sky City 1000, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) tall, is an arcology project proposal aimed at helping put an end to major congestion and lack of greenspace in the Tokyo, Japan metropolitan area. The plan consists of a building 1,000 m (3,281 ft) tall and 400 m (1,312 ft) wide at the base, and a total floor area of 8 km² (3.1 sq mi). Drawn up by construction firm Takenaka for the city of Tokyo in 1989, its design was the first of the modern super-tall mega-structures to gain serious attention and consideration by any government.	196
DIB-200	800 m (2,600 ft)	1993	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial, and Retail real-estate	Japan	Tokyo	undetermined	DIB-200, 800 m (2,600 ft) tall, is a possible mixed use supertall skyscraper project proposed by Kajima Construction, and designed by Sadaaki Masuda and Scott Howe.	200
Iconic Tower	734 m (2,408 ft)	2015	Skyscraper	Hotel, Commercial	Bangladesh	Dhaka	undetermined	Iconic Tower, 734 m (2,408 ft) tall, is a proposed supertall skyscraper planned for construction in Purbachal New Town, Dhaka, Bangladesh.	130
India Tower	700 m (2,300 ft)	2008	Skyscraper	Retail, Residential, and Leisure real-estate	India	Mumbai	2016 (construction halted in 2011 for financial reasons)	India Tower, 700 m (2,300 ft) tall, has its construction currently on hold. The tower was permanently cancelled on October 16th, 2015	126
Dream Tower	665 m (2,182 ft)	2009	Skyscraper	Commercial and retail real-estate	South Korea	Seoul	2016	Dream Tower, 665 m (2,182 ft) tall, is a proposed tower to be built in Seoul, South Korea; it will have 150 floors and is planned to be completed in 2016.[11]	150
Signature Tower Jakarta	638 m (2,093 ft)	2013	Skyscraper	Hotel and office	Indonesia	Jakarta	2020	[12]	113 (6 basement floors)
Rama IX Super Tower	615 m (2,018 ft)	2014	skyscraper	Mixed-use	Thailand	Bangkok	2021	N/A	125
Philippine Diamond Tower	612 m (2,008 ft)	N/A	Observation Tower	Leisure, Observation, Broadcast	Philippines	Quezon City	2018	N/A	Approx. 200
Port Tower	593.5 m (1,947 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate	Pakistan	Karachi	2018	The Port Tower is a project approved for construction in Karachi, the financial capital of Pakistan. If completed, it would reach a height of 593 m (1,947 ft), representing the independence year of Pakistan (1947).	130
Al Noor Tower	540 m (1,770 ft)	2014	Skyscraper	Mixed Use	Morocco	Tangier	2018	The Proposed Al Noor tower will become Africa's tallest building if completed.	114
GIFT Diamond Tower	410 m (1,350 ft)	2002	Skyscraper	Commercial	India	Gandhinagar	2017	GIFT Diamond Tower is a skyscraper proposed for Gujarat International Finance Tec-City in Gandhinagar in the Indian state of Gujarat. The proposed height is 410 metres (1,345 ft) in height.[13] Diamond Tower and the core CBD of GIFT will comprise a total of 25,800,000 sq ft (2,400,000 m^2).	87
Solar updraft tower	400–1,000 m (1,300–3,300 ft)	2001	Power-Plant	Power generation	Australia	Buronga, New South Wales	activity halted, fate unclear	Solar updraft tower, Buronga, Australia, planned height between 400 m (1,300 ft) and 1,000 m (3,300 ft), state uncertain.	N/A

Name	City	Meters	Feet	Coordinates	FCC entry
Hitchcock Univision Radio Tower	Hitchcock, Texas	609.6 m	2,000 ft.	29°18′00.6″N 95°06′40.3″W / 29.300167°N 95.111194°W	1254220[14]
Agate American Media Tower	Agate, Colorado	609.5 m	2,000 ft.	39°26′14.9″N 103°59′44.8″W / 39.437472°N 103.995778°W	1240243[15]
Busterville Vertical Properties Broadcasting Tower	Busterville, Texas	609.5 m	2,000 ft.	33°24′12.0″N 102°06′50.0″W / 33.403333°N 102.113889°W	1223883[16]
Metcalf Pegasus Broadcasting Tower	Metcalf, Georgia	609 m	1,998 ft.	30°40′52.0″N 83°58′21.0″W / 30.681111°N 83.972500°W	1054890[17]
Beasley Broadcasting Tower	Immokalee, Florida	608.7 m	1,997 ft.	26°17′37.3″N 81°11′29.3″W / 26.293694°N 81.191472°W	1235389[18]
Hoyt KKDD-FM Tower	Hoyt, Colorado	608.1 m	1,995 ft.	39°55′26.9″N 103°58′26.3″W / 39.924139°N 103.973972°W	1235187[19]
Wiliam Smith Broadcasting Tower	Walker, Iowa	607 m	1,991 ft.	42°18′58.9″N 91°50′46.2″W / 42.316361°N 91.846167°W	1223188[20]
Plymouth Pappas Telecasting Tower 2	Plymouth County, Iowa	603.5 m	1,980 ft.	42°35′12.0″N 96°13′20.0″W / 42.586667°N 96.222222°W	1058291[21]

• Chicago 700, (Chicago Spire 2.0 (700 Meters))
• Ciaro Tower, (636 Meters)
• King Of Tronto (600 Meters(Including Spire))
• Perth International Finance Center 570 Meters
• City Within a Building 506 Meters

Abandoned proposals

Name	Pinnacle height	Year of first proposal	Structure type	Main use	Country	City	Year of Projected Completion	Description
Houston Tower	2,092 m (6,864 ft)	1979	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial	U.S.	Houston	Never begun	The Houston Tower was an envisioned skyscraper that would have been nearly 1.3 miles (2.1 km) tall (6864 ft/2092 m) and taken up nine city blocks in Houston.
Aeropolis 2001	2,000 m (6,600 ft)	1989	Arcology	Residential, Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate	Japan	Tokyo	Never begun	The Aeropolis 2001 was a proposed project for construction of a massive 500-story high-rise building over Tokyo Bay in Japan. It was proposed to be a 2,000 m (6,562 ft) high building.
The Illinois	1,609 m (5,279 ft)	1956	Skyscraper	Commercial, Residential, and Leisure real-estate	U.S.	Chicago	Never begun	The Illinois, envisioned by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, was to be a mile high (1609 m / 5280 ft) skyscraper in Chicago.
Phare du Monde	701 m (2,300 ft)	1934	Concrete observation tower	Leisure and Retail real-estate	France	Paris	1937 (construction never begun)	Phare du Monde, was a project for a 701 metre tall observation tower for the world exhibition in Paris, 1937. It was planned as a concrete tower similar to a modern TV tower, but also with a ramp for drive up access.
Australian towers series	various; (Grollo) 678 m (2,224 ft), (Brisbane Central) 450 m (1,480 ft), (Minuzzo) 450 m (1,480 ft), (CBD-1) 445 m (1,460 ft), (Melbourne Plaza) 338 m (1,109 ft), (City Tower) 305 m (1,001 ft), (Westralia) 287 m (942 ft)	1996	Skyscrapers	Residential, Commercial, and Leisure real-estate	Australia	Melbourne, Brisbane Sydney, Perth	2004 (cancelled 1997)	A series of super-tall sky-scrapers were planned for the major Australian cities of Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney and Perth from 1985-95 but were all cancelled. The plans included (in order of height) the Grollo Tower (mentioned above), Brisbane Central Tower (450m/1476 ft, Brisbane), Minuzzo Tower (450m/1476 ft, Brisbane), CBD-1 (445m/1459 ft, Sydney), Melbourne Plaza (338m/1109 ft, Melbourne), City Tower (305m/1000 ft, Sydney) and the Westralia Tower (287m/941 ft, Perth). The buildings would have been some of the tallest buildings in the world at the time, but were cancelled mainly due to their great heights which would have dwarfed all surrounding buildings.
Grollo Tower	678 m (2,224 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial, and Leisure real-estate	Australia	Melbourne	2004 (cancelled 2001)	Construction was cancelled on the Grollo Tower (named after the architect) in Melbourne's developing Dockland precinct in April 2001 after Melbourne's Docklands Authority ruled it out of the tender for development of the Batman Hill's precinct due to disagreements over who would pay for infrastructure improvements. The area is now occupied by a mixture of smaller commercial and residential buildings. The Grollo Tower would have been the world's tallest building at the time at 560 m (1837 ft) tall, down from the originally planned 678 m (2,224 ft) height.
PAGCOR Tower	665 m (2,182 ft)	2008	Observation tower	Leisure and Observation facilities	Philippines	Manila	Cancelled in 2010	Originally part of the plans for the PAGCOR Entertainment City, the project was scrapped due to various reasons including air traffic regulations due to close proximity to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Warsaw Radio Mast	646 m (2,119 ft)	Original in 1968, Replacement in 1992	Guyed mast	VHF-UHF transmission	Poland	Warsaw	1997 (cancelled 1995)	Until late 1995, there were plans to rebuild the collapsed 646 m (2,119 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast to its previous height on the same site, using the basements of the old mast. Although some refurbishment of the basements started, work was canceled after violent protests by local residents, who feared harmful radiation effects from the high-power transmitter served by the antenna. A new transmission facility with two smaller masts measuring 330 and 289 m was built as a replacement in 1998-99 at Solec Kujawski.
7 South Dearborn	610 m (2,000 ft)	1999	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial, and Retail real-estate as well as communications facilities	U.S.	Chicago	2004 (cancelled in 2000 due to lack of funding)	7 South Dearborn in Chicago was planned in 1999 to be 610 m (2,001 ft).
1 Dubai	600 m (2,000 ft)	2006	Skyscraper	Unknown	U.A.E	Dubai	2010 (cancelled in 2009)	1 Dubai is a proposal in Dubai to planned to be completed, but in 2009, it was cancelled.
Chicago Spire	610 m (2,000 ft)	2005	Skyscraper	Residential real-estate	U.S.	Chicago	2010 (cancelled 2008)	The Chicago Spire designed by Santiago Calatrava was intended to be the tallest building in the western hemisphere as well as the tallest residential building in the world. It was abandoned in 2008 due to financial problems. As of March 11, 2014, as long as the project is funded, it assumed to resume construction.
Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle	610 m (2,000 ft)	1988	Skyscraper	Commercial, and Residential real-estate	U.S.	Chicago	1994 (cancelled 1992)	The Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle in Chicago was to be 610 m (2,001 ft)[22] tall in 1988.
International Business Center	580 m (1,900 ft)	2007	Skyscraper	Commercial real-estate	South Korea	Seoul	2013 (cancelled 2008)	International Business Center was a proposed skyscraper to be constructed in Seoul, South Korea for a height of 580 m (1,900 ft),it was to have 130 floors planned to be completed in 2013.
Grant USA Tower	533.4 m (1,750 ft)	1970	Skyscraper	Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate	U.S.	Newark, New Jersey	1986 (cancelled 1986)	The Grant USA Tower was planned by developer Harry Grant, who started New York Apple Tours. The building was to be completed in 1986 in Newark, New Jersey and to be the tallest hotel, tallest building and tallest structure. Harry Grant went bankrupt and the building never broke ground.[23]
Eaton's / John Maryon Tower	503 m (1,650 ft)	1971	Skyscraper	Commercial, and Leisure real-estate	Canada	Toronto	1976 (cancelled 1972)	Eaton's / John Maryon Tower was a planned 503 m (1,650 ft) (686m to spire) tall building in Toronto in 1971.
Dragon Tower	500 m (1,600 ft)	1996	Skyscraper	Residential, Commercial, Retail, and Leisure real-estate	Indonesia	Jakarta	2002 (cancelled 1998)	The 500 m tall, 101 story, Dragon Tower in Jakarta, Indonesia was cancelled in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis.
Kaisa Feng Long Center	500 m (1,600 ft)	2011	Skyscraper	Hotel / Office	China	Shenzhen	2012 (cancelled 2011)
Psary, Poland broadcast tower	440 m (1,440 ft)	2009	Reinforced concrete and steal television tower	DVB-T signal transmission	Poland	Psary, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship	undetermined	At Bodzentyn, Poland a 440 metres tall tower is proposed for distributing DVB-T signals from the satellite station to TV broadcasting sites.[24] It will be, if built, the tallest man-made structure in Europe outside Russia.
Palace of Soviets	415 m (1,362 ft)	1932	Skyscraper	Bureaucratic administrative center and conference hall	U.S.S.R.	Moscow	1947 (cancelled 1942)	The Palace of Soviets in Moscow, planned in 1932, was to be 415 m (including a 100 m Lenin statue), and would have been the tallest building in the world at the time if completed. Construction was halted during World War II, during which the uncompleted structure was partially dismantled; its foundations were later to serve as the world's largest open-air swimming pool before being razed in 1995.
The Monument to the Third International	400 m (1,300 ft)	1919	Grand Monument	Conference Hall, Bureaucratic administrative center, Information administrative center	U.S.S.R.	Moscow	None given	During the Russian October Revolution of 1917, Vladimir Tatlin designed a structure named The Monument to the Third International, which was to serve as the international headquarters of the Komintern. Better known as the Tatlin Tower, the structure was to rise to a height of 400 m (1,312 ft), which would have made it by far the tallest building in the world at that time, but time & resource shortages as well as the social upheavals that resulted from the Russian Civil War, economic mismanagement, and political repressions halted the project.
Millennium Freedom Tower	376.8 m (1,236 ft)	1998	Observation Tower	Leisure and Observation facilities	U.S.	Newport, Kentucky	2000 (above ground construction never begun)	The Millennium Freedom Tower was a project to be located in Newport, Kentucky, United States was originally proposed in 1998 to be dedicated on Dec 31, 1999. The original height was a proposed 1,234 feet (376 m) and was later lowered to 1,103 ft (306 m). Pilings were driven in 1998, but construction never continued above ground.[25]
Watkin's Tower	358 m (1,175 ft)	1890	Iron latticed observation tower	Leisure and Retail real-estate	U.K.	Wembley	1894 (construction halted 1896)	Watkin's Tower in Wembley, London was planned in 1891 to surpass the Eiffel Tower by 50 m (164 ft), but construction stopped before that height was reached due to unstable land and insufficient funds. The tower remnants were dismantled in the 1900s, and the site was redeveloped as Wembley Stadium.
Scandinavian Tower	325 m (1,066 ft)	1997	Skyscraper	Residential	Sweden	Malmö	2004	The Scandinavian Tower was intended to be been the tallest skyscraper in Europe.[26] It was abandoned in 2004 in favor of Malmö Tower.
World Science Tower	N/A	1964	Guyed mast	Leisure facilities	U.S.	Larkspur, Colorado	N/A	The World Science Tower was going to be one of the world's tallest buildings, proposed in 1964. It was to be located near Larkspur, Colorado, U.S.A. Its design would have had an amusement park at the base.

See also

• List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
• List of cities with the most skyscrapers

References

1. PDF version of Lofstrom's 1985 launch loop publication (AIAA 1985) Archived September 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
2. "A free-standing space elevator structure: a practical alternative to the space tether". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
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4. "Die Berg Komt Er - Wie zijn wij". diebergkomter.nl. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
5. "Pruned: A Mountain for the Netherlands". pruned.blogspot.nl. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
6. "Die Berg Komt Er - Over de berg". diebergkomter.nl. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
7. "Top 8 Skyscrapers That Will Push the Limits of Design". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
8. Mafi, Nick (3 February 2016). "This Is What Tokyo Will Look Like in 2045—Including Its Mile-High Skyscraper". Architectural Diges. Condé Nast. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
9. "World's Tallest Building May Be In Azerbaijan". Huffington Post, Feb.3rd, 2012.
10. "Murjan Tower 1, Manama". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
11. "KORAIL Tower, Seoul, South Korea | Emporis.com". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
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13. "Sky-high plans - Money Matters - livemint.com". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
14. "ASR Registration 1254220". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
15. "ASR Registration 1240243". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
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17. "ASR Registration 1054890". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
18. "ASR Registration 1235389". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
19. "ASR Registration 1235187". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
20. "ASR Registration 1223188". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
21. "ASR Registration 1058291". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
22. "Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle, Chicago". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
23. "Grant USA Tower, Newark / Emporis.com". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
24. "Kielce: Najwyższa w Polsce budowla powstanie w Górach Świętokrzyskich! Wieża będzie miała 440 metrów wysokości i na stałe zmieni krajobraz - 20 lipca 2010". 20 July 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
25. "Emporis Buildings accessed February 21, 2008". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
26. "Scandinavian Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2009-05-25.