Jeep train

Jeep at the Australian War Memorial[1]

Jeep train usually refers to a railway train hauled by jeeps with flanged rail wheels. Jeeps were converted from road vehicles into steel-wheeled rail switchers (shunters), light locomotives, or speeders (draisines).[2] (The phrase was also used for supply trains consisting of jeeps and for columns of jeeps linked together and pulled through bad ground by tractors. Not all primary sources will use this phrase in the same way.)

History

U.S.A.

US Demonstration run on a metre-gauge track at Eagle Farm Aerodrome in Brisbane, Australia on 30 June 1943: A Jeep fitted with rail wheels could easily pull 10 tons.[3]

Adapting automobiles as gasoline railcars was already a time-honored solution[4] and early publicity on Jeeps mentioned their potential use as an inspection car.[5] The USAAF in Australia used flanged-wheel jeeps as switchers in 1943, which led to testing as road-switchers for future operations in New Guinea. Perhaps the first large-scale use of jeep as locomotive was in the CBI theatre.[6] Eleven days after the Normandy landing, jeep speeders were in use on the continent, surveying lines for use or repair.[7] Postwar, jeep speeders were used as inspection cars, and jeep trains used for light service, including recreation. The Jeep train at Lewis and Clark Caverns claimed to be the shortest jeep railway. Over time, hi-rail vehicles pushed dedicated speeders out of railroads; civilian jeeps were often used.

Australia

In Borneo in 1945, Australian soldiers converted jeeps to run on rails in order to compensate for the lack of locomotives on a narrow gauge railway line.[8]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom used railworthy Jeeps during World War II especially in France, Germany, and Burma. Jeep trains were used extensively during the Malayan Emergency.

France

French forces used rail jeeps- "jeep draisines", including armored rail jeeps, in Indochina, and later in the Algerian war.

Loads and speeds

A jeep, designed to draw 1,000 lb (450 kg) on the road, could pull much greater loads on rails thanks to the lower rolling resistance of rail vehicles. During Australian military operations in Borneo Jeeps hauled goods wagons with a payload of four tons of sand. In the Philippines a Jeep Train hauled a total weight of 52 tons over a route 19 miles (31 km) long at a speed of 20 mph (32 km/h).

Military use

References

  1. ↑ Truck 1/4 Ton 4x4 GS, jeep: Australian Army Military History Section.
  2. ↑ Nevington War Museum: USA - Jeep Variants - Railway Jeeps.
  3. ↑ Testing in Australia.
  4. ↑ "Highest Voltage Transmission System in the World". Electric World. 59 (16): 846. April 20, 1912. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "Miracle on Wheels". Popular Mechanics: 82. November 1942.
  6. ↑ Boyd Sinclair: Running On Time In a Timeless Land: An elephant can be a locomotive and a tiger sometimes stopped a train.
  7. ↑ Newell, Clayton R. "Railroaders in Olive Drab: The Military Railway Service in World War II" (PDF). Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Australian War Memorial, Reference No OG3138.
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