List of Quercus species

The genus Quercus (oak) contains about 600 species,^[1] some of which are listed here.

For the taxonomic status of the oaks see The Plant List ^[2]

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

• Quercus ajoensis — Ajo Mountain scrub oak — Arizona, New Mexico, Baja California
• Quercus alba — white oak — eastern + central North America
• Quercus aliena — Oriental white oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus arizonica — Arizona white oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
• Quercus austrina — bluff oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus audleyensis — Audley End oak — Only one example exists at Audley End, in Essex, UK.^[3]
• Quercus berberidifolia — California scrub oak — # California
• Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak — eastern & midwestern North America
• Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's post oak — south central North America
• Quercus carmenensis — Carmen oak — Coahuila and Texas
• Quercus chapmanii — Chapman oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
• Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
• Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain oak — northern Mexico and Texas
• Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
• Quercus diversifolia — Mexico
• Quercus douglasii — blue oak — California
• Quercus dumosa — coastal scrub oak — # southern California, Baja California, Arizona
• Quercus durata — leather oak — # California
• Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann oak — # southern California, Baja California
• Quercus fabrei — Faber's oak — central to southern China
• Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
• †Quercus furuhjelmi - Lived in Paleogene times
• Quercus fusiformis — Texas live oak or plateau live oak — # south central North America
• Quercus gambelii — Gambel oak — southwestern North America
• Quercus garryana — Oregon white oak or Garry oak — western North America
• Quercus geminata — sand live oak — # southeastern United States
• Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
• Quercus greggii — # Mexico
• Quercus grisea — gray oak — # south central North America
• Quercus havardii — Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak — south central North America
• Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley Oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
• Quercus hondurensis — Honduras oak — # Honduras
• Quercus ilex — holly oak or holm oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
• Quercus intricata — Coahuila scrub oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's oak — California
• Quercus laceyi — lacey oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus laeta — Mexico
• Quercus lanata — woolly-leaved oak — # Himalayas, southeast Asia
• Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus liebmannii — Mexico
• Quercus lobata — valley oak or California white oak — California
• Quercus lusitanica — gall oak or Lusitanian oak — Iberia, North Africa
• Quercus lyrata — overcup oak — eastern North America
• Quercus macrocarpa — bur oak — eastern and central North America
• Quercus margarettae — sand post oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus magnoliifolia — Mexico
• Quercus martinezii — # Mexico
• Quercus mohriana — Mohr Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus montana — chestnut oak — eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)
• Quercus michauxii — swamp chestnut oak — eastern North America
• Quercus microphylla — Mexico
• Quercus minima — dwarf live oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus mongolica — Mongolian oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
• Quercus oblongifolia — Mexican blue oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
• Quercus obtusata — Mexico
• Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
• Quercus pacifica — # Channel Islands, California
• Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
• Quercus petraea — sessile oak, durmast oak — Europe, Anatolia
• Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
• Quercus praeco — Mexico
• Quercus prinoides — dwarf chinkapin oak — eastern North America
• Quercus pubescens — downy oak — Europe, Anatolia
• Quercus pungens — sandpaper oak — southwestern U.S., Mexico
• Quercus robur — pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak — Europe, West Asia
• Quercus rugosa — netleaf oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
• Quercus sadleriana — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern California
• Quercus sagraeana — Cuban oak — # western Cuba
• Quercus sebifera — # Mexico
• Quercus serrata — Bao Li — # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
• Quercus similis — swamp post oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus sinuata — bastard oak or Durand oak — southern North America (= Quercus durandii)
• Quercus stellata — post oak — eastern North America
• Quercus tarahumara - northwestern Mexico
• Quercus toumeyi — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
• Quercus turbinella — shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus vaseyana — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus virginiana — southern live oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus welshii — wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

• Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak — # North Africa & Spain
• Quercus dentata — daimyo oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus frainetto — Hungarian oak or Italian oak — southeastern Europe
• Quercus macranthera — Caucasian oak or Persian oak — western Asia
• Quercus pontica — Pontine oak — western Asia
• Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean oak — southwestern Europe
• Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

• Quercus acutissima — sawtooth oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus alnifolia — golden oak — # Cyprus
• Quercus brantii — Persian oak — south west Asia
• Quercus calliprinos — Palestine oak — # southwestern Asia
• Quercus castaneifolia — chestnut-leaved oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
• Quercus cerris — Turkey oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus coccifera — kermes oak — # southern Europe
• Quercus franchetii — China, eastern Asia
• Quercus infectoria — Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
  • Quercus infectoria Olivier var. veneris (C.K. Schneider) Meikle, or Quercus boissieri Reut./Boissier oak — Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, and Jordan
• Quercus ithaburensis - Mount Thabor's oak - southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus libani — Lebanon oak — southwestern Asia
• Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia
• Quercus semecarpifolia — brown oak or Kharshu oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus suber — cork oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus trojana — Macedonian oak — # southeastern Europe
• Quercus variabilis — Chinese cork oak — eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA & northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus brandegeei - Baja California Sur
• Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island oak — California + Baja California
• Quercus chrysolepis — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus palmeri — Palmer oak — # sw. Oregon, California, western Arizona
• Quercus tomentella — island oak — offshore islands of California + Baja California
• Quercus vacciniifolia — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central & South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months(in most species),^[4] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus acerifolia — maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak — Arkansas
• Quercus acutifolia — Mexico
• Quercus agrifolia — coast live oak — # California, northern Baja California
• Quercus albocincta — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
• Quercus aristata — Mexico
• Quercus arkansana — Arkansas oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus buckleyi — Texas red oak — south central North America
• Quercus canbyi — Canby oak or Mexican red oak — # Mexico
• Quercus candicans — Mexico
• Quercus castanea — # Mexico
• Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak — eastern North America
• Quercus coccolobifolia — Mexico
• Quercus coffeicolor — Mexico
• Quercus conspersa — Mexico
• Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus crassifolia — Mexico
• Quercus crassipes — Mexico
• Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
• Quercus delgadoana — Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)
• Quercus depressa — Mexico
• Quercus dysophylla — Mexico
• Quercus eduardii — Mexico
• Quercus ellipsoidalis — northern pin oak — eastern North America
• Quercus elliptica — Mexico
• Quercus emoryi — Emory oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
• Quercus epileuca — Mexico
• Quercus excelsa — Mexico
• Quercus falcata — southern red oak or Spanish oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus frutex — Mexico
• Quercus fulva — Mexico
• Quercus gentryi — Mexico
• Quercus glabrescens — Mexico
• Quercus glaucoides — Mexico
• Quercus gravesii — Chisos red oak or Graves oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
• Quercus graciliformis — Chisos oak — western Texas
• Quercus georgiana — Georgia oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus grisea — Mexico
• Quercus hemisphaerica — laurel oak or Darlington oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus hintonii — Mexico
• Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
• Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
• Quercus humboldtii — Andean oak — # northern South America (Colombia)
• Quercus hypoleucoides — silverleaf oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
• Quercus ilicifolia — bear oak — eastern North America
• Quercus iltisii — western Mexico
• Quercus imbricaria — shingle oak — eastern North America
• Quercus incana — bluejack oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus inopina — sandhill oak — Florida
• Quercus kelloggii — California black oak — California, southwestern Oregon
• Quercus laevis — turkey oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus laurifolia — laurel oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus laurina — # Mexico
• Quercus marilandica — blackjack oak — eastern North America
• Quercus martinezii — Mexico
• Quercus mexicana — Mexico
• Quercus myrtifolia — myrtle oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus nigra — water oak — # eastern North America
• Quercus oocarpa — Mexico
• Quercus pagoda — cherrybark oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus parvula — Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak — coastal California
• Quercus palustris — pin oak — eastern North America
• Quercus peduncularis — Mexico
• Quercus phellos — willow oak — eastern North America
• Quercus planipocula — western Mexico
• Quercus potosina — Mexico
• Quercus praeco — Mexico
• Quercus pumila — runner oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus resinosa — Mexico
• Quercus robusta — Chisos Mountains of Texas
• Quercus rysophylla — loquat-leaf oak — # Mexico
• Quercus rubra — northern red oak — eastern North America
• Quercus rugosa — Mexico
• Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
• Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
• Quercus scytophylla — Mexico
• Quercus shumardii — Shumard oak — eastern North America
• Quercus splendens — Mexico
• Quercus skiineri — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
• Quercus subspathulata — Mexico
• Quercus tardifolia — lateleaf oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
• Quercus texana — Nuttall's oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
• Quercus tuberculata — Mexico
• Quercus urbanii — Mexico
• Quercus uxoris — Mexico
• Quercus velutina — black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak — eastern North America
• Quercus viminea — # Mexico
• Quercus wislizeni — interior live oak — # California
• Quercus xalapensis — Mexico, Central America

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

• Quercus acuta — Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea.
• Quercus albicaulis — # China.
• Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China).
• Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus austroglauca — # China.
• Quercus bella — # China.
• Quercus blakei — # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus camusiae — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chingsiensis — # China.
• Quercus chungii — # China.
• Quercus daimingshanensis — # China.
• Quercus delavayi — # China.
• Quercus delicatula — # China.
• Quercus dinghuensis — # China.
• Quercus disciformis — # China.
• Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China).
• Quercus fleuryi — # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus gambleana — # China, India.
• Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus glauca — ring-cupped oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam.
• Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan).
• Quercus hui — # China.
• Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan.
• Quercus jenseniana — # China.
• Quercus jinpinensis — # China.
• Quercus kerrii — Kerr's oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China.
• Quercus kiukiangensis — # China.
• Quercus kouangsiensis — # China.
• Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas.
• Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus litoralis — # China.
• Quercus litseoides — # China.
• Quercus lobbii — # China, India.
• Quercus longinux — # Taiwan.
• Quercus lowii — # Borneo.
• Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines).
• Quercus morii — # Taiwan.
• Quercus motuoensis — # China.
• Quercus multinervis — # China.
• Quercus myrsinifolia — bamboo-leaf oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.
• Quercus neglecta — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus ningangensis — # China.
• Quercus obovatifolia — # China.
• Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal.
• Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus patelliformis — # China.
• Quercus pentacycla — # China.
• Quercus phanera — # China.
• Quercus poilanei — # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus rex — # China, Vietnam, India, Laos, Myanmar.
• Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea.
• Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus schottkyana — # China.
• Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand.
• Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan.
• Quercus stewardiana — # China.
• Quercus subhinoidea — # China.
• Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines (Palawan).
• Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
• Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus tomentosinervis — # China.
• Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo.
• Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus yingjiangensis — # China.

Notes

# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.

External links

• Flora of North America — Quercus
• Flora of China — Quercus
• Flora of China — Cyclobalanopsis
• Americanredoak.info

Sources

• Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN 978-0-87474-708-9
• Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2

References

1. David J. Mabberley. 1987. The Plant-Book first edition (1987). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 0-521-34060-8
2. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=quercus
3. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/countryside/8557126/Britains-record-breaking-trees-identified.html
4. Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.