Robert S. Stevens

Robert Wadleigh Smith Stevens
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 31st district
In office March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885
Preceded by	Richard Crowley
Succeeded by	John G. Sawyer
Member of the Kansas Senate
In office 1862–1863
Personal details
Born	March 27, 1824 Attica, Wyoming County New York, USA
Died	February 23, 1893 (aged 68) Attica, Wyoming County New York, USA
Resting place	Forest Hill Cemetery Attica, Wyoming County New York, USA
Political party	Democratic Party
Spouse(s)	Mary Proctor Smith
Children	Frederick C. Stevens
Parents	Alden Sprague Stevens Achsa (Smith) Stevens
Profession	Banker Politician Railroad Executive Lawyer

Robert S. Stevens (March 27, 1824 – February 23, 1893) was an American politician, bank president, railroad executive, lawyer, Kansas State Senator and U.S. Representative from New York.

Early life

Robert Wadleigh Smith Stevens was born in Attica, Wyoming County, New York on March 27, 1824. The only son of Judge Alden Sprague and Achsa (Smith) Stevens, he was initially educated in preparation to attend college, but his formal schooling was ended when his family went through a period of financial hardship.^[1]

Stevens continued to study on his own while working as a clerk at an auction house and a local post office, and he achieved certification as a teacher in 1844.^[2] While teaching he read law with the Wyoming County District Attorney, and he was admitted to the bar in 1846.^[3]

Career

As a lawyer, Stevens practiced in Attica and became involved in several business ventures. He became friendly with Governor Wilson Shannon, and in 1856 Stevens moved to Kansas Territory, where he practiced law with Shannon, and subsequently became involved in real estate development, coal mining, and constructing and operating railroads.

A Democrat, Stevens was a supporter of James Buchanan for President in 1856. After winning the presidential election, Buchanan appointed Stevens as a special commissioner, and in this capacity Stevens arranged the sale of land ceded to the United States in 1854 by the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea tribes.

Stevens served as Mayor of Lecompton in 1858,^[4] and served in the Kansas State Senate from 1862 to 1863.^[5] While in the Senate he was a target of the effort to remove Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson was accused of selling state bonds to Stevens at a discount, with Stevens re-selling the bonds at a profit and splitting the proceeds with Robinson.^[6][7] The state legislature attempted to impeach Robinson, but he was acquitted.

Stevens was later involved in a federally sanctioned venture to commercially develop Sac and Fox reservations. The project, which included wood houses, sawmills, and small factories was looked on with disfavor by the Native American residents, who preferred to keep to their traditional ways of life. Stevens lost much of his fortune in this effort, and the federal government failed to reimburse him as called for in Stevens' contract, so it took him 20 years to retire the debt.

Stevens moved to Lawrence in 1862 and became president of a local bank. During the Lawrence Massacre he intervened with Quantrill's Raiders in an effort to have them end their attack.

In 1869 Stevens won the contract to supervise construction of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad, nicknamed M-K-T or Katy, the first railroad to reach Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), after which it continued into Texas. As head of construction, and later the railroad's General Manager, Stevens was responsible for the founding of Parsons in Kansas, Denison in Texas, and other towns along the route. Several of these towns have streets named after Stevens. He left the railroad during the period when Jay Gould controlled it.^[8] The Katy became profitable after construction, and Stevens became wealthy while in its employ, enabling him pay back his creditors in full by the end of the 1870s.

In 1879 Stevens retired and returned to Attica, where he lived in retirement as a gentleman farmer and also invested in local businesses, including railroads.^[9] He also became involved in several civic and charitable causes, including constructing a library which was named for him,^[10] modernizing and expanding local schools and rebuilding the Attica Presbyterian Church.

In 1880 Stevens was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress.^[11] Stevens was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth Congress and served in the United States House of Representatives as United States Representative for the Thirty-first Congressional District of New York from March 4, 1883 to March 3, 1885. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1884.^[12]

Death

Stevens died in Attica on February 23, 1893^[13] and is interred at Forest Hill Cemetery.^[14]

Family life

In 1852 Stevens married Mary Proctor Smith, a distant cousin whose family operated a successful lumber business in Manchester, Massachusetts.^[15] Their son Frederick C. Stevens served in the New York State Senate and as the state Superintendent of Public Works.^[16]

References

1. Kansas Historical Society, Robert S. Stevens Collection, 1856–1875, Biography of Robert S. Stevens, 2013
2. "Robert S. Stevens Collection, 1856–1875". Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
3. American Genealogical Research Institute, The Stevens Family, 1972, page 107
4. Buffalo Courier, Admission of Kansas, March 31, 1858
5. William G. Cutler, History of the State of Kansas, Douglas County, Part 3: County Organization and Official Roster], 1883
6. Chicago Tribune, A $20,000 Fraud on the State Treasury of Kansas, February 12, 1862
7. Chicago Tribune, Gov. Robinson of Kansas Impeached, February 25, 1862
8. New York Times, A Railroad Manager Dismissed, February 2, 1878
9. New York Times, Another Cantilever Planned, December 27, 1883
10. Library Journal, Library Economy and History, April, 1894, page 139
11. New York Times, The New-York Campaign, October 20, 1880
12. New York Times, Nominated for Congress, October 8, 1884
13. Thomas William Herringshaw, Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography, 1914, page 337
14. Thomas E. Spencer, Where They're Buried, 1998, page 253
15. Wyoming County Historian, Historical Wyoming, Volumes 13-16, 1959, page 41
16. Lewis Randolph Hamersly, John William Leonard, Frank R. Holmes, Who's Who in New York City and State, Volume 4, 1909, page 1234

External links

• United States Congress. "Robert S. Stevens (id: S000886)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Robert S. Stevens at Find a Grave

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.