Santa Verna

Santa Verna

Remains of Santa Verna temple
Shown within Malta
Location	Xagħra, Gozo, Malta
Coordinates	36°2′44.1″N 14°15′31″E / 36.045583°N 14.25861°ECoordinates: 36°2′44.1″N 14°15′31″E / 36.045583°N 14.25861°E
Type	Temple Village
Part of	Megalithic Temples of Malta
History
Material	Limestone
Founded	c.5000 BC (earliest remains) c.3400 BC (temple)
Periods	Għar Dalam phase Ġgantija phase
Site notes
Excavation dates	1908–1961
Archaeologists	T. Eric Peet Thomas Ashby R. N. Bradley David H. Trump
Condition	Poorly preserved ruins

Santa Verna is a megalithic site in Xagħra on the island of Gozo, Malta. The site was originally occupied by a village and a megalithic temple. Although the temple is in poor condition now, in ancient times it was probably one of the major temples in the Maltese islands. The site takes its name from a chapel dedicated to Saint Venera that once stood close to the temple.^[1]

Site

Santa Verna was originally a prehistoric village, and the earliest pottery remains date back to around 5000 BC, during the Għar Dalam phase.^[2] The temple itself was built in the following centuries and it had a trefoil shape, which was typical of the time. In its heyday, Santa Verna was probably an important temple, which rivaled other major temples such as Ġgantija, Tarxien and Ħaġar Qim.^[3]

The only remains of the temple that survive today are three upright megaliths, another three horizontal blocks lining their eastern side, and the earth floor which makes it possible to see the temple's original outline.^[4]

Excavations

The megalithic remains at Santa Verna were found by Nikola Said, a worker at the Public Works Department.^[5] They were also noted by the archaeologist Manuel Magri in the early 20th century.^[6] The site was excavated in 1908 by T. Eric Peet, and again in 1911 by Thomas Ashby and R. N. Bradley. During the excavations, two complete skeletons and several incomplete ones were found, including one of a child. Many smaller artifacts were also found during the excavations.

The remains were included on the Antiquities List of 1925.^[7] Another excavation was made in 1961 by David H. Trump, when the remains of the village that predates the temple were found.^[8]

References

1. "Santa Verna". xaghraparish.org. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
2. "Santa Verna". web.infinito.it. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
3. "Santa Verna Ancient Temple". megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
4. "Santa Verna". Maltese Ring. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
5. "Santa Verna". xaghra.com. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
6. Bugeja, Anton. "Fr Emmanuel Magri and the antiquities of Gozo". mhs.eu.pn. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
7. "Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939.". Malta Environment and Planning Authority. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016.
8. "Santa Verna Temple". visitgozo.com. Retrieved 18 February 2015.