Scandinavian migration to Britain

Scandinavian migration to Britain is a phenomenon that has occurred at different periods over the past 1,200 years. Over the last couple of centuries, there has been regular migration from Scandinavia to Great Britain, from families looking to settle, businesspeople, academics to migrant workers, particularly those in the oil industry.

Scandinavian ancestry of British peoples

A study into the Scandinavian ancestry of British peoples found that there is evidence of particular concentrations in the Isle of Man, Shetland, Orkney, the Western Isles, Skye and the western Highlands in Scotland; and the Wirral, West Lancashire, Cumbria, York and East Anglia in England.^[1][2][3][4]

Contemporary migration

The 2001 UK Census recorded 22,525 people born in Sweden, 18,695 in Denmark, 13,798 in Norway, 11,322 in Finland and 1,552 in Iceland.^[5]

In more recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics, Sweden was the only Scandinavian country to feature in the top 60 foreign countries of birth of UK residents in 2013, with an estimated 27,000 people.^[6]

Religion and culture

Nordic Lutherans have worshipped in England since the 16th century, and the first official congregation was established in London in 1669, its members being Germans and Scandinavians. By the end of the 17th century, two further congregations (one German and one Nordic) had been established. Now there are Lutheran congregations in all parts of Britain and Lutheran worship is conducted in a wide range of languages, reflecting its international character - German, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Danish and Icelandic.^[7]
There are several long-established Nordic churches in London. All seek to provide Lutheran Christian worship and pastoral care to their respective national communities in their own languages. Many of the churches also organise both language classes and a wide range of social activities.
Nordic culture is very vibrant with a range of events taking place from barbecues organised by the Finnish Church in London to bonfire and firework displays organised by the Dansk Skt Hans KFUK, to Swedish midsummer (Svensk Midsommar) parties, in particular, the Små grodorna, held at London's Hyde Park and organised by the Swedish Chamber of Commerce.

Notable individuals

The table below includes Britons with significant recent Nordic ancestry.

Name	Image (If available)	Ancestry	Occupation
Jacob Aagaard		Denmark	Danish born Scottish Grandmaster of Chess
Alexandra of Denmark		Denmark	Queen of the United Kingdom, consort of Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India
Sir Ove Arup		Denmark	engineer, founder of Arup
Richard Ayoade		Norway	stand-up comedian and actor
Olav Bjortomt		Norway	quiz player
Roald Dahl		Norway	author
Sophie Dahl		Norway	fashion model and granddaughter of Roald Dahl
Camilla Dallerup		Denmark	ballroom dancer, a former professional on BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing
Britt Ekland		Sweden	actress and Bond Girl
Johan Eliasch		Sweden	UK-based businessman,chairman & CEO of sporting goods manufacturer Head and Party deputy treasurer of the Conservative Party
Mariella Frostrup		Norway	journalist and radio and television presenter
Charles Hambro		Denmark	banker and politician, part of the Hambros Banking dynasty
Gustav Holst		Sweden	British composer and was a music teacher best known for his orchestral suite The Planets
Ashley Jensen		Denmark	Scottish actress
Ulrika Jonsson		Sweden	television personality
Magnus Lund		Norway	English rugby union player
Magnus Magnusson		Iceland	television presenter, notably for the BBC's Mastermind & novelist
Sally Magnusson		Iceland	news presenter and daughter of Magnus Magnusson
Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough		Sweden	artist and noblewoman
Jan Mølby		Denmark	former professional footballer who spent much of his career at Liverpool F.C.
Kirsten O'Brien		Norway	TV presenter
Hans Rausing		Sweden	billionaire heir to the Tetra Pak/Tetra Laval dynasty
Christian Salvesen		Norway	shipowner and businessman
Edward Theodore Salvesen		Norway	lawyer, politician and judge
Peter Schmeichel		Denmark	former Manchester United goalkeeper and whose son Kasper spent his childhood in Manchester
Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury		Sweden	peer and runner
Steve Simonsen		Denmark	goalkeeper
Rupert Svendsen-Cook		Norway	Formula BMW UK race car driver
Sandi Toksvig		Denmark	comedian
Christian Wolmar		Sweden	journalist, author, and railway historian
Patrick Wymark		Finland	actor
Mai Zetterling		Sweden	actress

See also

• Danelaw
• Scandinavian migration to France

References

1. Excavating Past Population Structures by Surname-Based Sampling: The Genetic Legacy of the Vikings in Northwest England
2. Goodacre, S; Helgason, A; Nicholson, J; Southam, L; Ferguson, L; Hickey, E; Vega, E; Stefánsson, K; Ward, R; Sykes, B (2005). "Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods". Heredity. 95 (2): 129–135. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800661. PMID 15815712.
3. "Gene geography: Do you have Viking ancestry in your DNA?". Wellcome Trust. 2004. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
4. Branagan, Mark (30 January 2009). "'Time team' to seek out genetic secrets of Yorkshire's Viking past". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
5. "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
6. "Estimated overseas-born population resident in the United Kingdom by sex, by country of birth (Table 1.4)". Office for National Statistics. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2015. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.
7. The history of Nordic Lutheran Churches in the UK