Scholarism

Not to be confused with Scholarship, Scholasticism, or Scholarly method.
Scholarism
學民思潮
Successor Demosisto
Formation 29 May 2011[1]
Founder Joshua Wong
Extinction 20 March 2016 (2016-03-20)
Type Student activist group
Headquarters Hennessy Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Island
Location
  • Hong Kong
Region served
Hong Kong
Official language
Cantonese
Website scholarism.com
Scholarism
Traditional Chinese 學民思潮

Scholarism (Chinese: 學民思潮) was a Hong Kong pro-democracy[3] student activist group active in the fields of Hong Kong's education policy, political reform and youth policy.[4] It was reported to have 200 members in May 2015.[5]

The group was known for its stance on defending the autonomy of Hong Kong's education policy from Beijing's unconstitutional interference.[6][7][8] It was also the leading organisation during the 2014 Hong Kong protests, better known as the "Umbrella Revolution".

Founded by a number of secondary school students on 29 May 2011, the group first came to media attention when they organised a protest against the “moral and national education” put forward by the Hong Kong government in 2012. At the height of the event, 120,000 students and members of the public attended the demonstration and forced the government to retract its plans to introduce “moral and national education” as a compulsory subject in schools.[7]

Scholarism ceased functioning in March 2016. Core members including Joshua Wong, Oscar Lai and Agnes Chow formed a new political party Demosisto in April.

History

Students from Scholarism during an assembly against the National Education at the Hong Kong government headquarters in August 2012.
Students from Scholarism during the hunger strike against the National Education at the Hong Kong government headquarters in August 2012.
Scholarism in front of the government headquarters at Tamar in Hong Kong. (7 September 2012)
Scholarism at 2014 Hong Kong Class Boycott Campaign.

Against "Moral and National Education"

Originally formed as "Scholarism – The Alliance Against Moral & National Education",[9] Scholarism was the first student pressure group that protested against the "Moral and National Education" school curriculum,[3] which was put forward by the Hong Kong Government in 2012 and widely viewed as being pro-Communist. The controversial subject ignored the Tiananmen massacre and tried to present the Communist Party of China in favourable light.[7] The group was one of the few organisations that took part in the protest outside the Central Government Liaison Office after the 1 July March 2012.[10]

In August 2012 members of Scholarism launched an occupation protest at the Hong Kong government headquarters to force the government to retract its plans to introduce "Moral and National Education" as a compulsory subject. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, and three of the protesters began a hunger strike.[11] The protest lasted until September 2012.

Hong Kong democratic movement

After rising to prominence during the movement against the "Moral and National Education" the pro-democracy students remained active in the social and democracy movement in Hong Kong.

On 23 June 2013, Scholarism issued a statement which stressed the necessity of civil nomination for the 2017 Chief Executive election.[12] By late August, Scholarism drew up a charter and began lobbying democratic Legislative Councillors to sign it, which would commit their parties to make civil nomination through universal suffrage the number one priority during the coming campaign for the 2017 Chief Executive election. The charter was signed by People Power, League of Social Democrats, Neo Democrats, and Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre.[13] The Civic Party signed on with reservations, and the Democratic Party, Labour Party and Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood refused to sign it as they disagreed that public nomination should be the only way to put forward candidates.[14]

Umbrella Revolution

In September 2014, Scholarism launched a class boycott with the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS), protesting against the National People's Congress Standing Committee's (NPCSC) decision on the restricting nomination procedure of the election of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong.[15]

On 26 September, the class boycott was held on Tim Mei Avenue and the square outside the Legislative Council Complex, as an organisation applied to hold a celebration event of 65th anniversary of the People's Republic China at the Tamar Park. It was also the day on which Scholarism hosted the class boycott movement for secondary school students. Joshua Wong, leading activist of Scholarism, pronounced the boycott statement. At 10:30 p.m. when the assembly came to the end, Joshua Wong, all of a sudden, called for the crowd to "retake" the Civic Square, around which fences were built two months earlier. Led by members of HKFS, hundred of protesters climbed across fences and tore down the barriers around the flag stage. The police surrounded hundreds of protesters, and then further mobilised towards the Civic Square and clashed with the protesters. The police pepper-sprayed them and displayed their batons. In chaos, it was reported a protester was having a heart attack. The police force originally refused to let the medics enter, and later permitted under the protesters pressure. At 10:52 p.m. police handcuffed and arrested Joshua Wong for forcible entry to government premises, disorderly conduct in public place and unlawful assembly. As visible wounds were found, he was sent to Ruttonjee Hospital for medical inspections before sent to the Central Police station. Many people on site were sent to the hospital because of injuries or feeling unwell. The police and protesters fell into stalemate later on.

The raid on the Civic Square triggered the massive occupy protest in the following days, as more protesters were called in support of the students being carried away from the Civic Square. At the night of 27 September, HKFS and Scholarism organised another assembly. Having declared the assembly unlawful, police blockaded Exit A of Admiralty MTR Station and bridges outside the Central Office Complex until the size of the crowd caused the police to lift the blockade. At 1:30 am, 28 September, Benny Tai, co-initiator of the Occupy Central with Love and Peace movement, declared the official launch of the "Occupy Central" campaign. In the afternoon, as more and more people flooded to Admiralty in support of the students, the police completely blockaded the access to the government headquarters. Later, the protesters began to occupy Harcourt Road which police responded by using tear gas, triggering widespread occupations at Admiralty, Mong Kok and Causeway Bay.

Although the protests were fruitless in the end, Scholarism remained its leading role in the following 79-day occupy movement.

Dissolution

In February 2016, Oscar Lai Man-lok, a core member of Scholarism, revealed that he, Joshua Wong and Agnes Chow Ting planned to form a political party and field at least two candidates to run in the Legislative Council elections in September. Lai subsequently quit Scholarism to support Civic Party’s Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu in the Legislative Council by-election for New Territories East, as Scholarism refused to officially endorse a candidate between the pro-democratic Civic Party and the localist Hong Kong Indigenous's Edward Leung Tin-kei in the election.[16]

In March, an online news outlet IBHK reported that the group, would be disbanded. Scholarism’s Facebook page said on 16 March that it was at present working on its future direction and would announce if it reached any decisions.[16] Scholarism officially ceased functioning on 20 March 2016. By the day, the group had a total number of HK$1,450,000 at its bank account. HK$700,000 of it will be transferred to a new student activist group and the other HK$750,000 will be transferred to a legal assistance fund to assist the lawsuits the group members face. The group will disband itself when it has no money left. Core members including Joshua Wong, Oscar Lai and Agnes Chow announced that they will form a new political party Demosisto in April.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 關於我們. 學民思潮 Scholarism (in Chinese).
  2. ↑ http://www.hkilang.org/NEW_WEB/page/dictionary Association for Conversation of Hong Kong Indigenous Languages Online Dictionary for Hong Kong Hakka and Hong Kong Punti (Weitou dialect)
  3. 1 2 Wilfred Chan and Yuli Yang, CNN Echoing Tiananmen, 17-year-old Hong Kong student prepares for democracy battle 28 September 2014
  4. ↑ "About Scholarism". Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  5. ↑ Zhao, Shirley (24 May 2015). "Hong Kong student Joshua Wong still willing to lead Scholarism despite pressure to finish education". Hong Kong: South China Morning Post. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  6. ↑ "No department of the Central People's Government and no province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government may interfere in the affairs which the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region administers on its own in accordance with this Law." "THE BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONG (Article 22)". Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  7. 1 2 3 ”(Joshua ) Wong formed a group of students in Hong Kong called Scholarism to stop the territory from implementing a mainland-designed “national education” policy that ignored the Tiananmen massacre and pushed fealty to the Chinese Communist Party.”Beech, Hannah (2014-10-08). "The Voice of a Generation". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  8. ↑ ” After Hong Kong’s other activists dialled back their opposition to Beijing’s plans for how the city’s (region's) mayor (leader), or chief executive, would be elected, the students stepped in to drive the current protests.” Moore, Malcolm (2014-12-11). "Portrait of Hong Kong's 18-year-old protest leader". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  9. ↑ 基本資料. 學民思潮 Scholarism (in Chinese).
  10. ↑ "Road closures a flashpoint during tense marches". South China Morning Post. 2 July 2012.
  11. ↑ 70多名學民思潮成員政總外紮營請願 (in Chinese). 30 August 2012.
  12. ↑ 623政改聲明：全民普選 全民提名 重奪政府. Scholarism Facebook (in Chinese). 24 June 2013.
  13. ↑ But, Joshua (26 August 2013). "Pan-democrat divisions on show". South China Morning Post.
  14. ↑ Lam, Jeffie (20 September 2013). "Public nomination shouldn't be the only way to elect CE: think tank". South China Morning Post.
  15. ↑ "Hong Kong students to boycott class to protest China curbs on democracy". 路透社. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  16. 1 2 "Is Scholarism over? Occupy group silent on future after report it will disband". South China Morning Post. 16 March 2016.
  17. ↑ "學民思潮宣布今天起停止運作　145萬捐款將撥予法援基金及新學生組織". Stand News. 20 March 2016.
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