Sound Transit 3

Sound Transit 3
Sound Transit (A Regional Transit Authority) Light-Rail, Commuter-Rail, and Bus Service Expansion Proposition No. 1[1]
Location Seattle, Washington
Date November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)
Results
Votes %
Yes 717,116 54.05%
No 609,608 45.95%
Valid votes 1,326,724 92.19%
Invalid or blank votes 112,437 7.81%
Total votes 1,439,161 100.00%

Sound Transit 3, abbreviated as ST3, was a ballot measure during the November 2016 elections in Seattle, Washington, proposing an expansion of the regional public transit system. The measure was proposed by Sound Transit, which was established by a similar initiative passed in 1996 and expanded by the Sound Transit 2 vote in 2008, who have operated regional transit systems in the Seattle metropolitan area since 1999. On November 8, 2016, Sound Transit 3 was approved by over 54 percent of voters in the Puget Sound region; voters in Pierce County rejected the measure, but approval from King and Snohomish counties overrode the rejection.[2]

The $53.8 billion Sound Transit 3 plan will expand the existing Link light rail system to the suburbs of Tacoma, Federal Way, Everett and Issaquah, as well as the Seattle neighborhoods of Ballard and West Seattle. The local portion of the measure would be partially funded by increases in sales tax, motor vehicle excise tax, and property tax.

The resulting transit network after the completion of Sound Transit 3 would include 62 miles (100 km) of additional light rail serving 37 new stations; the entire, 116-mile (187 km) light rail system would carry an estimated 600,000 daily passengers. A Sounder commuter rail extension to DuPont and bus rapid transit lines on State Route 522 and Interstate 405 are also part of the package.[3] The package's projects would open in stages from 2024 to 2041.[4]

Background

Main articles: Sound Move, Sound Transit 2, and History of Link Light Rail

Sound Transit, officially the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, was established in 1993 to build a regional mass transit system pending approval from voters.[5] After an unsuccessful ballot measure in 1995, the "Sound Move" plan was approved on November 5, 1996, financing the construction and operation of a $3.9 billion light rail, commuter rail and express bus system.[6] The services would begin service over the next decade, beginning with Sound Transit Express buses in 1999 and followed by Sounder commuter rail to Tacoma in 2000 and Everett in 2003.[7] Light rail service came to Tacoma in 2003 and the centerpiece of the plan, Central Link from Downtown Seattle to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, opened in 2009.[8][9] The development of light rail was hindered by a funding crisis in the early 2000s, which forced the plan to be scaled back from 23 miles (37 km) to 16 miles (26 km), with planning for completion of the rest of the system.[10] The final project funded by Sound Move, the University Link light rail extension, opened in 2016.[11]

A second ballot measure, called Sound Transit 2, was proposed in 2007 to fund the deferred light rail segments left off the scaled-back system and further expand into the suburbs.[12] It went to the ballot in November 2007 as part of a joint "Roads and Transit" measure proposing $47 billion in regional transportation projects, of which $30.8 billion would be used to build 50 miles (80 km) of light rail towards Lynnwood to the north, Redmond to the east, and Tacoma to the south.[13][14] The proposition was rejected, with the opposition campaign led by environmentalists (including the Sierra Club and King County Executive Ron Sims) who were concerned about the 186 miles (299 km) of new highway lanes and ramps that would have been built by the plan.[13] A standalone and scaled-back transit proposition was passed the following year, approving $17.9 billion for 34 miles (55 km) of light rail towards Lynnwood Transit Center, the Microsoft campus in southwestern Redmond, and northern Federal Way, as well as additional trips on the Sounder commuter rail system.[15]

During the implementation of Sound Transit 2, the effects of the Great Recession on sales tax revenue forced Sound Transit to scale back its projects in 2010. Light rail to Federal Way was truncated to South 200th Street in SeaTac, while the rest would be studied for a future expansion; East Link to Bellevue and Redmond was delayed to 2023 from 2021.[16][17] The majority of Sound Transit 2's light rail projects will be completed in the early 2020s.

History

Planning for a third phase of transit expansion began with $82 million in appropriated funding from Sound Transit 2 for "ST3 planning".[18] Sound Transit identified several corridors to receive comprehensive planning studies, including Lynnwood to Everett, South Bellevue to Issaquah, Redmond to the University District via Kirkland, University District to Ballard to Downtown Seattle, Burien to West Seattle to Downtown Seattle, Burien to Renton, and bus rapid transit on Interstate 405.[19] One of the studies, the Ballard–Downtown Seattle corridor, was made into a joint study with the city government of Seattle in 2013 that would investigate light rail as well as rapid streetcar concepts as part of the municipal streetcar network.[20][21] Other high-capacity transit corridor studies and an updated long-range plan were approved by the Sound Transit Board in February 2013, as part of a requirement for a potential public vote for a next phase.[22]

The updated long-range plan, released in December 2014, recommended the addition of light rail extensions to Paine Field in Everett, West Seattle, Issaquah, and Tacoma Mall to the 2005 plan, which already included funded lines and light rail to Everett, Tacoma and Ballard.[23][24]

Sound Transit presented a $15 billion transit package, named "Sound Transit 3", in October 2014, including light rail expansions to Everett, Tacoma, Issaquah, Ballard, and West Seattle.[25] The following month, the Sound Transit Board unanimously voted to pursue new taxes to support the 2016 ballot measure, pending authorization from the Washington State Legislature.[26] While the Republican-majority state senate attempted to the limit the package to a maximum of $11 billion, authorization for the full $15 billion revenue cap (for the first 15 years of collection) was passed in July 2015 as part of a statewide transportation package.[27] As part of a compromise, a state sales tax of 3.25 percent would be charged on materials for construction projects, raising $518 million in revenue for the state highway funds that would be used for other programs.[28]

Drafting of the final plan began in June 2015, with the selection of projects to prioritize in subsequent planning phases after a series of public meetings.[29] After receiving over 25,000 responses to a project questionnaire in July,[30] the Sound Transit Board expanded the list of candidate projects to include light rail studies on previously excluded corridors, including State Route 522 (also the recipient of bus rapid transit service).[31] In December, three package size options were presented to the Sound Transit Board: a 15-year, $26 billion program with at-grade lines between Ballard and West Seattle; a 20-year, $30 billion program with a new downtown tunnel for Ballard and West Seattle; and a 25-year, $48 billion program with a new downtown tunnel for Ballard.[32][33]

A draft plan was released in March 2016, proposing a $50 billion, 25-year system with 108 miles (174 km) of light rail serving 75 stations, two bus rapid transit lines, and a commuter rail extension, all opening in stages from 2024 to 2041.[34] Additional studies for provisional light rail lines between Ballard and the University District (via Fremont), West Seattle and Burien, and suburban extensions to Kirkland and North Everett.[35][36] After the release of the draft plan, the long timelines were criticized from politicians and political groups that would receive service in the 2030s and 2040s.[37][38] In response to the concerns over project timelines and routing choices, groups from Northwest Seattle and Snohomish County proposed alternative plans to better serve Interbay and Paine Field in Everett, respectively.[39][40]

In May, Sound Transit announced revised plans that would accelerate delivery dates for light rail projects, pushing most into the 2030s, using an additional $4 billion in bonds that would not affect the taxing rate. Another amendment proposed region-wide contributions to a new light rail tunnel in Downtown Seattle, which would be built to relieve the existing tunnel when it reaches its capacity with new suburban extensions. Infill stations along existing and future lines within Seattle were also added to the plan, along with a short light rail spur to southern Kirkland.[41] The final plan was approved by the Sound Transit Board on June 23, and placed on the November ballot as Regional Proposition 1.[42]

Projects

After the implementation of the Sound Transit 3 plan, the region's Link light rail system would travel 116 miles (187 km), two new bus rapid transit lines would operate on Interstate 405 and State Route 522, and capacity on Sounder commuter rail would increase. By 2040, Sound Transit estimates that its services will carry a total of between 561,000 and 695,000 daily riders, with 69 percent of all transit trips using rail services.[3][43]

Light rail

A light rail train at Othello station in the Rainier Valley of Seattle

Sound Transit 3 includes 62 miles (100 km) of light rail serving 37 stations, extending the existing system to suburban cities and the Seattle neighborhoods of Ballard and West Seattle. Light rail trains would run 20 hours per day, and every 3 to 6 minutes during peak hours; the plan requires the purchase of 226 new vehicles to operate on the new lines.[44]

The light rail projects, in descending order of projected completion, are:[4]

The plan also includes funding for infill stations on the original network, at Graham Street, NE 130th Street, and Boeing Access Road, to open by 2031.[4] An extension of Tacoma Link to Tacoma Community College is projected to be completed in 2039.[4]

Bus

Sound Transit 3 creates two bus rapid transit lines on Interstate 405/State Route 518 between Burien and Lynnwood and State Route 522/NE 145th Street from Shoreline to Woodinville, to open in 2024.[4]

The plan also includes operating funds for the existing Sound Transit Express network, bus shoulder programs, bus reliability improvements, investment in three RapidRide lines in Seattle (C Line to West Seattle, D Line to Ballard and Madison BRT to the Madison Valley) and investment in Pierce Transit's Route 1 along Pacific Avenue in Tacoma.[4]

Commuter rail

Sound Transit 3 would extend Sounder commuter rail service to Tillikum (near Joint Base Lewis–McChord) and DuPont from Lakewood station, to open in 2036. Additional capacity improvements (longer 10-car trains and potentially increased frequencies) on the South Line and additional parking on the North Line are also included in the plan.[4]

Other elements

Sound Transit 3 includes funding for future system planning and high-capacity transit corridor studies for light rail and commuter rail extensions in all subareas. A transit-oriented development planning program would facilitate the transfer of surplus land and underutilized land near stations for development. Station access studies would also be funded, encouraging bicycle, pedestrian and ridesharing to and from the system.[3][4]

Funding

Sound Transit 3 would cost a total of $53.845 billion in 2041 dollars, using $27.7 billion in new local taxes raised during the 25-year construction phase.[45]:5[46] The new taxes would consist of a 0.5 percent sales tax, a 0.8 percent motor vehicle excise tax, and a property tax of 25 cents per $1,000 in assessed value. While the sales tax and motor vehicle excise tax were used in previous transit expansions, the property tax was added to create a "more progressive revenue source".[47] Other funding sources include an estimated $4.7 billion in federal grants, surplus revenues from Sound Move and Sound Transit 2, bond proceeds, farebox recovery, and interest earnings.[45]:5

Sound Transit estimates that the plan would cost the average adult in the district approximately $169 more annually.[48]

A portion of the plan would be funded through $11 billion in bonds, which would need repayment before taxes could be repealed. Estimates for full repayment and repeal range from 2048 to 2068, based on financial models from Sound Transit.[49]

Political support

Proponents

The primary "yes" campaign, Mass Transit Now, was originally established to support Sound Transit 2 in 2008,[50] and was revived for Sound Transit 3. Using funding from local corporations and labor unions, it raised $3.41 million by late October and attracted the support of politicians and political activists.[51] The largest donors include Microsoft, Expedia, Amazon.com, Costco, and Vulcan Inc.; Bill Gates also donated $100,000 on behalf of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, whose headquarters are in Seattle.[52]

Sound Transit 3 was endorsed by prominent local politicians, including King County Executive and Sound Transit Board Chair Dow Constantine, Seattle mayor Ed Murray, state governor Jay Inslee, U.S. congressman Derek Kilmer, U.S. Senator Patty Murray,[53] Snohomish County Executive Dave Somers, and Pierce County Executive Pat McCarthy.[54] The measure was also supported by several city councils in northern and eastern King County in the summer of 2016, including Bellevue,[55] Issaquah,[56] Kenmore,[57] Redmond,[56] and Shoreline.[58] Business groups in Seattle, including the Greater Seattle Business Association and Downtown Seattle Association, also voted to endorse the measure. Local non-profit organizations also voted to support ST3, including the Seattle branch of the Sierra Club, OneAmerica, the Cascade Bicycle Club, El Centro de la Raza, AIA Seattle, Transit Riders Union and Feet First Washington.[54] Ridesharing company Uber endorsed the measure as well, citing shared goals of congestion and pollution reduction.[59]

The News Tribune in Tacoma published an editorial on October 10 endorsing ST3, citing its benefits to the city of Tacoma and Pierce County.[60] Two weekly newspapers in Seattle, the Seattle Weekly and The Stranger, both endorsed Sound Transit 3 in their general election endorsements.[61][62] The Herald in Everett published their endorsement of ST3 on October 31, calling it an "investment, paying now for a greater benefit later".[63]

In a op-ed to The Seattle Times, the county executives of King and Snohomish counties, along with the mayor of Tacoma, outlined their support for Sound Transit 3, citing existing traffic congestion and expected population growth in the region.[64] Sierra Club executive director Michael Brune argued that ST3 would provide great benefits to the environment and addition of affordable housing near stations.[65]

Opponents

State representative Reuven Carlyle, an opponent of ST3

The Seattle Times editorial board rejected Sound Transit 3, asking readers to "demand a better plan".[66] The city councils of Newcastle and Sammamish passed legislation in opposition to Sound Transit 3, citing the lack of benefits to their respective communities.[67][68] State representative Reuven Carlyle of Ballard published an editorial opposing the measure over its cost, putting education funding in jeopardy because of the use of property taxes.[69]

The "no" campaign had raised $316,000 by late October, largely financed by Bellevue developer Kemper Freeman.[52] Freeman, who had filed lawsuits in opposition to the East Link project funded by ST2, called the plan a "major calamity", criticizing the plan's timeline, cost, and scope.[70] Bellevue city councilmember Kevin Wallace argued that a smaller plan to serve higher-density corridors with rail and others with bus rapid transit would be more cost effective.[71] The Bellevue Chamber of Commerce voted to oppose ST3, citing a "lack of confidence" over the projected costs and benefits for projects after 2030.[72]

Criticism

ST3 has been criticized by supporters and opponents for various elements of the plan. The editorial board of The Seattle Times criticized the plan in June as coming "too soon" and too costly, calling it a "blank check" to Sound Transit.[73] The high cost of the plan, at $54 billion in year-of-expenditure dollars, was compared unfavorably to similar programs in peer cities.[74] The plan has also been criticized for not promising to reduce congestion, with Sound Transit citing induced demand and touting light rail as an alternative rather than a solution.[75]

After the release of the draft plan in March 2016, including completion of light rail to Everett and Tacoma in 2041 at the earliest, politicians demanded shorter timelines that were eventually implemented.[76][77] The inclusion of $980 million to fund park and rides for stations was criticized by Publicola,[78] but was later reduced to $661 million and mitigated with plans to introduce reasonable fees for parking to manage demand, with revenues allocated to non-motorized system access.[79][80]

Controversies

During the lead-up to the election, Sound Transit was criticized for adding misleading survey questions that were found by the state's public disclosure commission to be in violation of state laws, and later pulled.[81] After the publication of the final plan and planning of the ballot measure language on voter pamphlets, controversial conservative activist Tim Eyman was selected to write part of opposing side by Sound Transit, required by state law to choose authors for both sides, after write-in suggestions to the board.[82]

In August, The Seattle Times revealed that 173,000 email addresses belonging to ORCA card holders were improperly released by Sound Transit to the pro campaign Mass Transit Now, potentially in violation of two state laws regarding protected information and use of public resources in support of a political campaign.[83] The Washington State Attorney General's Office announced that it would not pursue legal action against Sound Transit for the incident, finding no evidence that the release was intentional.[84]

Results and aftermath

The initial election returns had Sound Transit 3 passing heavily in King County, narrowly in Snohomish County, and failing in Pierce County.[2] Work on implementation of the program's elements began in the following days, with Sound Transit approving preliminary engineering on light rail extensions to downtown Redmond and Federal Way, which were deferred in 2010 and included in the package.[85]

Sound Transit stated that project timelines could be accelerated with federal grants and streamlined permitting from local governments.[86] The agency applied to borrow $2 billion in federal funding, at a low interest rate, to help accelerate Sound Transit 2 projects and save capital costs for Sound Transit 3 projects further in the future.[87] Sound Transit was given an upgraded bond credit rating, from Aa1/Aa2 to Aaa/Aa1, by Moody's Investors Service after the passage of ST3 and successful issuance of federal bonds.[88]

After the passage of Sound Transit 3, a local transit advocacy group proposed a second ballot measure to approve full bonding to finance an accelerated timeline for projects; the new ballot measure would require 60 percent of voters to approve, per the state's supermajority requirement for bonds and levies.[89]

Totals

Regional Transportation Authority Proposition No. 1, November 8, 2016
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 717,116 54.05
No 609,608 45.95
Required majority 50
Total votes 1,326,724 100.00
Source: King County Elections (updated November 29, 2016)

By county

County Yes votes No votes Yes (%) No (%) Total votes
King 496,018 360,451 57.91 42.09 829,469
Pierce 122,603 154,538 44.24 55.76 277,141
Snohomish 98,495 94,619 51 49 193,114
Total 717,116 609,608 54.05 49.95 1,326,724

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Sound Transit Resolution No. R2016-17" (PDF). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Sound Transit 3 wins, despite rejection from Pierce County". The Seattle Times. November 10, 2016. p. B6. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Sound Transit 3 Overview". Sound Transit. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Sound Transit 3 System Plan Project List" (PDF). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Sound Transit Background" (PDF). Sound Transit. 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2016 – via Washington State Department of Transportation.
  6. ↑ Schaefer, David (November 6, 1996). "Voters Back Transit Plan On Fourth Try". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  7. ↑ Hamilton, Charles (November 6, 2006). "Sound Transit (King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties)". HistoryLink. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  8. ↑ Burrows, Alyssa (January 26, 2004). "Sound Transit's Tacoma Link light rail system begins operation on August 22, 2003.". HistoryLink. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  9. ↑ Long, Priscilla (December 21, 2009). "Sound Transit's Central Link light rail connecting downtown Seattle with Sea-Tac International Airport reaches SeaTac/Airport Station on December 19, 2009.". HistoryLink. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  10. ↑ Brunner, Jim (June 29, 2001). "Sound Transit looks south for its first line". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  11. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (January 26, 2016). "University Link light-rail service starts March 19". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  12. ↑ Chiu, Lisa; Lindblom, Mike (July 14, 2006). "Sound Transit's board endorses light-rail link between Seattle, Eastside". The Seattle Times. p. A1. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  13. 1 2 Lange, Larry (November 6, 2007). "Proposition 1: Voters hit the brakes". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Governor Approves Joint "Roads & Transit" Ballot Measure Legislation" (Press release). Sound Transit. May 14, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  15. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (November 6, 2008). "How transit supporters closed deal with voters". The Seattle Times. p. A1. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Sound Transit Motion No. M2010-102" (PDF). Sound Transit. December 16, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  17. ↑ "ST Board adopts 2011 budget, sets path for delivering major expansion" (Press release). Sound Transit. December 16, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Appendix A: Detailed Description of Facilities and Estimated Costs" (PDF). Sound Transit 2, A Mass Transit Guide: The Regional Transit System Plan for Central Puget Sound (PDF) (Report). Sound Transit. July 2008. p. A-16. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Planning for the Future: Planning Studies" (PDF). Sound Transit. July 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  20. ↑ "Sound Transit Motion No. M2012-81: Interlocal Agreement with City of Seattle for Ballard to Downtown High-Capacity Transit Study" (PDF). Sound Transit. November 8, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  21. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (June 27, 2013). "Options for Ballard light-rail service to be aired". The Seattle Times. p. B2. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Sound Transit Motion No. M2013-11" (PDF). Sound Transit. February 28, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Residents voice strong interest in regional transit expansions as agency begins update of Long-Range Plan" (Press release). Sound Transit. December 19, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  24. ↑ Sound Transit Regional Transit Long-Range Plan (PDF) (Report). Sound Transit. July 7, 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  25. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (October 30, 2014). "Sound Transit floats $15B plan to expand mostly rail service". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  26. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (November 21, 2014). "Sound Transit to seek new tax, fees to extend light-rail routes". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  27. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (July 5, 2015). "Sound Transit planning heats up for light-rail expansion and public vote". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  28. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (June 29, 2015). "Lawmakers release $16 billion transportation plan with 11.9-cent gas tax". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Board applauds Legislature and Governor's support for full ST3 funding authority, advances plans for November 2016 measure" (Press release). Sound Transit. July 1, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  30. ↑ Haglund, Noah (July 25, 2015). "25,000 respond to Sound Transit's light-rail survey". The Everett Herald. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  31. ↑ Cornfield, Jerry (August 31, 2015). "Sound Transit's wish list of Snohomish County projects grows". The Everett Herald. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  32. ↑ "Meet the candidates: completed studies document estimated costs, ridership for potential Sound Transit 3 projects" (Press release). Sound Transit. December 4, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  33. ↑ Feit, Josh (December 7, 2015). "Unusually Opinionated Sound Transit Staff Presents New Ballard-to-Tacoma Light Rail Option". Seattle Met.
  34. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (March 24, 2016). "$50B Sound Transit proposal: big taxes, big spending, big plan". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  35. ↑ Groover, Heidi (March 24, 2016). "Sound Transit Unveils $50 Billion Light Rail Package Including Lines to Ballard and West Seattle". The Stranger. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Sound Transit 3 Draft Plan: Future System Planning (ST4)" (PDF). Sound Transit. March 29, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  37. ↑ Haglund, Noah (March 25, 2016). "Leaders fume over Sound Transit's 2041 Everett timeline". The Everett Herald. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  38. ↑ Lynn, Adam (April 30, 2016). "From Orting to Lakewood, officials want more sooner out of Sound Transit 3". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  39. ↑ Haglund, Noah (April 20, 2016). "Alternative plan would bring light rail to Everett by 2033". The Everett Herald. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  40. ↑ Lindblom, Mike; Beekman, Daniel (April 19, 2016). "Ballard, Magnolia seek pricey add-ons to Sound Transit light-rail plans". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  41. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (May 26, 2016). "Light-rail stations could open years earlier under new Sound Transit plan". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  42. ↑ Beekman, Daniel (June 23, 2016). "Sound Transit puts $54 billion light-rail plan on ballot". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Board sends major light rail expansion plan to November ballot" (Press release). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Sound Transit 3: Mass Transit Guide Voter Information" (PDF). Sound Transit. October 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  45. 1 2 "Appendix A: Detailed Description of Facilities and Estimated Costs" (PDF). Sound Transit 3: The Regional Transit System Plan for Central Puget Sound (PDF) (Report). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  46. ↑ Lynn, Adam (April 16, 2016). "New long-term taxes would pay for Sound Transit expansion". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  47. ↑ "ST3 Funding Background" (PDF). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  48. ↑ "ST3 plan would cost typical adult $169 annually or $14 per month" (Press release). Sound Transit. July 8, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  49. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (October 1, 2016). "Sound Transit 3 taxes: How much you'd pay and for how long". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  50. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (November 6, 2008). "How transit supporters closed deal with voters". The Seattle Times. p. A1. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  51. ↑ Lynn, Adam (September 24, 2016). "Big businesses pouring money into the Sound Transit 3 'yes' campaign". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  52. 1 2 Lindblom, Mike (October 23, 2016). "Millions spent on Sound Transit 3 campaign — by those who would benefit". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  53. ↑ "U.S. Sen. Patty Murray endorses Sound Transit Proposition 1". Kent Reporter. November 3, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  54. 1 2 "Endorsements". Mass Transit Now. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  55. ↑ Murray, Ryan (September 23, 2016). "Bellevue Council votes to support Sound Transit 3". Bellevue Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  56. 1 2 Giordano, Lizz (September 20, 2016). "Issaquah City Council votes to support Sound Transit 3". The Issaquah Press. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Kenmore City Council votes unanimously to support Sound Transit 3 ballot measure". Bothell Reporter. June 30, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Council unanimously supports ST3" (Press release). City of Shoreline. August 10, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  59. ↑ Soper, Taylor (October 24, 2016). "Uber makes rare ballot endorsement, voices support for massive $54B transit prop in Seattle". GeekWire. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  60. ↑ News Tribune Editorial Board (October 8, 2016). "We endorse: Yes on Sound Transit 3 means fairness for Tacoma". The News Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  61. ↑ Seattle Weekly Editorial Board (October 19, 2016). "The Endorsements". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  62. ↑ Stranger Election Control Board (October 18, 2016). "The Stranger's Endorsements for the November 2016 General Election". The Stranger. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  63. ↑ The Herald Editorial Board (October 31, 2016). "Editorial: Approve Sound Transit rail link to Paine Field, Everett". The Everett Herald. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  64. ↑ Constantine, Dow; Somers, Dave; Strickland, Marilyn (October 18, 2016). "Opinion: Sound Transit 3 is the transit system our region has needed for 40 years". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  65. ↑ Brune, Michael; Collins, Chuck (October 7, 2016). "Opinion: Pro/con: Should voters approve Sound Transit 3 in November?". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  66. ↑ Seattle Times editorial board (October 19, 2016). "The Times editorial board: Reject Sound Transit 3 and demand a better plan". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  67. ↑ Corrales-Toy, Christina (September 15, 2016). "Newcastle City Council votes to oppose ST3". Newcastle News. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  68. ↑ Livarchik, Joe (October 6, 2016). "Sammamish City Council opposes Sound Transit 3". Issaquah Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  69. ↑ Groover, Heidi (August 11, 2016). "Why State Senator Reuven Carlyle—a Democrat Representing Ballard—Won't Endorse Sound Transit 3". The Stranger. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  70. ↑ Moreno, Amy (September 12, 2016). "Developer: ST3 is 'a major calamity'". KING 5 News. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  71. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (September 13, 2016). "Debaters of light-rail expansion agree it's a 'moonshot' … just not for the same reason". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  72. ↑ Murray, Ryan (August 30, 2016). "Bellevue Chamber announces opposition to ST3 measure". Bellevue Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  73. ↑ Seattle Times Editorial Board (June 18, 2016). "Hold off on Sound Transit 3 ballot measure — give discussion time". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  74. ↑ Talton, Jon (March 29, 2016). "The economics of Sound Transit 3". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  75. ↑ "Sound Transit 3: Frequently Asked Questions". Sound Transit. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  76. ↑ Haglund, Noah (March 26, 2016). "Leaders fume over Sound Transit's 2041 Everett timeline". The Everett Herald. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  77. ↑ Lynn, Adam (April 30, 2016). "From Orting to Lakewood, officials want more sooner out of Sound Transit 3". The News Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  78. ↑ Feit, Josh (March 24, 2016). "Sound Transit Expansion Plan Likely to Include Large Investment in Parking Facilities". Seattle Met. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  79. ↑ Person, Daniel (April 12, 2016). "A $611M Question: Why Parking's Such a Big Deal in the ST3 Debate". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  80. ↑ "Sound Transit 3: The Regional Transit System Plan for Central Puget Sound" (PDF). Sound Transit. June 23, 2016. p. 12. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  81. ↑ Kamb, Lewis (April 3, 2016). "Sound Transit pulls survey question that may break state law". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  82. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (July 28, 2016). "Sound Transit picks 'radioactive' Tim Eyman to write statement against expanding light rail". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  83. ↑ Kamb, Lewis (August 19, 2016). "Sound Transit improperly sent 173,000 ORCA card users' info to political campaign". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  84. ↑ Kamb, Lewis (October 19, 2016). "Sound Transit won't face legal action from Attorney General's Office over release of email addresses". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  85. ↑ "Voters approve historic Sound Transit 3 measure" (Press release). Sound Transit. November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  86. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (November 14, 2016). "Where Sound Transit 3 projects could speed up or slow down". The Seattle Times. p. B1. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  87. ↑ Lindblom, Mike (November 28, 2016). "Sound Transit moves fast to get deals on loans, bonds for big expansion". The Seattle Times. p. B4. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  88. ↑ "Moody's Upgrades Sound Transit (WA) Prior/Parity Bonds to Aaa/Aa1 from Aa1/Aa2; outlook stable" (Press release). Moody's Investors Service. November 29, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  89. ↑ Johnson, Graham (November 18, 2016). "Transit advocates call for second light rail vote to speed construction". KIRO 7 News. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.